VIVEK HIGH SCHOOL

SECTOR 38 B
CHANDIGARH

CLASS – XII
TERM LETTER
TERM-1 (April – September 2022)

ENGLISH CORE (CODE 301)

MISSION STATEMENT OF THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

The teaching of the English Language at Vivek High School aims at inculcating in students
love of the language, innovative and creative writing skills, effective articulation and listening
skills, use of imagination, and most importantly, the ability to think critically, to arrive at a
reasoned judgement. Literature and grammar are blended to help students understand the
semantics of language through usage. In addition to this, the learning experience would aim at
inculcating the twelve Discoveries of Round Square.

Twelve Discoveries

* Communication Skills *Ability to Solve Problems * Tenacity

* Inquisitiveness *Sense of Responsibility * Courage

* Appreciation of Diversity *Commitment to Sustainability * Self Awareness

* Teamwork Skills *Inventiveness * Compassion

The Overall Aim of the course is:

 To enable the students to communicate effectively and appropriately in real life

situations.
 To use English effectively for study purposes across the curriculum.
 To develop and integrate the use of the four language skills- Listening, Speaking,
Reading, and Writing.

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  To develop interest in and appreciation of Literature.
 To revise and reinforce structures already learnt.
 Through the Critical Thinking Questions the students will inculcate the habit of being
flexible, open-minded, and reflective.
 To learn appreciation of different genres like prose, poetry, and drama.

Keeping in mind the overall aim of the course, we have prose lessons from the books:

1) FLAMINGO and 2) VISTAS through which the students would strive to achieve the

qualities of conceptual understanding, to express an opinion, justify using appropriate format

and fluency, to infer and to interpret qualities of characters from within the given extracts. The

students will learn various skills like reasoning, appreciating, illustrating, and justifying,

extracting relevant information, identifying the central theme and sub-themes, understanding

the writer’s message, and writing fluently.

Through the poems from both textbooks, students will be encouraged to look more deeply at

issues, use of logic and evidence, as well as be self-reflective. It will help them in appreciation

of poetry, applying literary conventions, and learning of poetic devices like-

1. Simile 5. Repetition 9. Rhyme scheme

2. Metaphor 6. Irony 10. Imagery
3. Personification 7. Satire 11. Symbolism
4. Alliteration 8. Hyperbole

Critical Thinking Questions to inculcate habits of mind like being Critically Minded, Self-

Reflective, Flexible, Attentive to Detail, and Open-minded.

TERM – 1 (APRIL TO SEPTEMBER)

READING SKILLS

Multiple and objective type questions, based on the following kinds of unseen passages to
develop competencies of conceptual understanding, decoding, analyzing, inferring, interpreting,
appreciating literary conventions and vocabulary. Furthermore, being able to summarize and
use appropriate formats will be skilled and practiced.

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 1. Factual, descriptive or a literary passage
2. Case-based Factual passage (with verbal/visual inputs like statistical data, charts etc.)

CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS

 Short Writing Tasks
Notice Writing
 Long Writing Tasks
(i) Letter to the Editor (giving suggestions or opinions on issues of public interest)

(ii) Letter for application for a job with biodata or resume

LITERATURE *

FLAMINGO PROSE
1. The Last Lesson
2. Deep Water
3. Lost Spring
4. Indigo
5. Poets and Pancakes
FLAMINGO POETRY
1. My Mother at Sixty-Six
2. Keeping Quiet
3. Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
VISTAS
1. The Tiger King
2. Journey to the End of the Earth
3. Memories of Childhood
 The Cutting of my Long Hair
 We Too Are Human Beings
* LITERARY TEXT TASKS (AS PER CBSE GUIDELINES)

 Multiple Choice Questions, Objective type Questions, Short and Long Questions based
on extracts/ texts to assess comprehension, analysis, evaluation, interpretation, and
extrapolation beyond and across the texts.
 Descriptive, character-based, value/theme-based, Critical challenges, Reference to
context questions
 Application of Grammar in Literature

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  Subject Enrichment Activities
 ASL – Assessment of Speaking and Listening as per CBSE guidelines.

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT

Assessment of Listening Skills – 5 Marks

Assessment of Speaking Skills – 5 Marks

Project Work – 10 Marks

PHYSICS (CODE 042)

Unit I: Electrostatics

Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between twopoint charges,
forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric
field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field. Electric flux, statement of
Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly
charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and
outside).
Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and
system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point
charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges
and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and
capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor
(no derivation, formulae only).

Unit II: Current Electricity

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and
their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear),
electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of
resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of
cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge.

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot - Savart law and its application to current
carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire.
Straight solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic
and electric fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force
between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a
current loop in uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic

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dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter
and voltmeter.
Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter
Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field
intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis
(qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic
field (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines. Magnetic properties of materials- Para-,
dia- and ferro - magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of
temperature on magnetic properties.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Self and
mutual induction.
Chapter–7: Alternating Current
Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and
impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor,
wattless current. AC generator, Transformer.

Unit V: Electromagnetic waves

Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their
transverse nature (qualitative idea only). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves,
infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit IX: Electronic Devices

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic
and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction Semiconductor diode - I-V
characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier.

CHEMISTRY (CODE 043)

Unit II: Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of

gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of
vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure,
determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass,
Van't Hoff factor.

Unit III: Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its
application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell,
conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of
conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis

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(elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells,
corrosion.

Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration,
temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant,
integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of
collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius
equation.

Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical
rotation mechanism of substitution reactions. Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution
reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and
environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform,
freons, DDT.

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary
alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of
dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol. Phenols: Nomenclature,
methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic
substitution reactions, uses of phenols. Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical
and chemical properties, uses.

Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids :

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation,

physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha
hydrogen in aldehydes, uses. Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of
preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

PRACTICAL

1.Surface Chemistry

(a) Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol

Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin and gum Lyophobic sol - aluminium hydroxide, ferric
hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.

2.Chromatography (a) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper
chromatography and determination of Rf values.

3.Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds: Unsaturation, alcoholic,
phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.

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4.Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their detection in
given foodstuffs. J.

5.Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a

standard solution of: (a) Oxalic acid, (b) Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

6.Qualitative analysis Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt Cation: Pb2+,
Cu2+ As3+, Aℓ3+ , Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4 + Anions:
(CO3) 2- , S2- , (SO3) 2- , (NO2) - , (SO4) 2- , Cℓ- , Br- , I- , (PO4) 3- , (C2O4) 2- ,
CH3COO- , NO3 -

BIOLOGY (CODE 044)

Unit-II Structural Organization in Animals and Plant

Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence,
flower, fruit and seed. Description of family Solanaceae

Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots.

Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals

Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive,
circulatory,respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of frog.

Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function Chapter-8: Cell-

The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell
wall; cell organelles - structure and function; endomembrane system,
endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria,
ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles
(ultrastructure and function); nucleus.
Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzyme - types, properties,
enzyme action. (Topics excluded: Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a
Polymer, Dynamic State of Body Constituents
– Concept of Metabolism, Metabolic Basis of Living, The Living State)

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Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

Unit-IV Plant Physiology Chapter-13:

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis,
pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and
biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic
photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4
pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants

Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic),
TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of
ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development

Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of
growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of
developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin,
cytokinin, ethylene, ABA;

PURE MATHEMATICS (CODE 041)

1. RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS

OBJECTIVES

 Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence

relations.
 Injective and Surjective Functions

2. MATRICES

OBJECTIVES
 Concept, Notation, Order, Equality, Types of matrices
 Transpose of a matrix, Symmetric and Skew- Symmetric Matrices
 Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Scalar Multiplication of

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 matrices and Properties

3. DETERMINANTS

OBJECTIVES
 Determinant of a square matrix (upto 3 3 matrix)
 Minors and Cofactors
 Application of Determinants in finding area of triangle
 Adjoint & Inverse of a square matrix
 Solving a system of equations in 2& 3 variables using inverse of a matrix

3. INVERSE T- RATIOS

OBJECTIVES

 Definition
 Domain and Range, Principal value branches
 Simplification of Inverse T – Ratios

4. CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY

OBJECTIVES

 Continuity and Differentiability

 Derivatives of Composite Functions
 Chain Rule Differentiation
 Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 Derivatives of Implicit Functions
 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions and their Derivatives
 Logarithmic Differentiation
 Derivatives of Parametric Functions
 Second Order Derivatives

5. APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

OBJECTIVES
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  Increasing /Decreasing Functions
 Maxima and Minima
 Rate of Change
 Simple problems illustrating the basic principles and understanding of the
subject in real life situations

6. INTEGRALS

OBJECTIVES

(i)Integration of a variety of functions by- Substitution, Partial fractions and by parts.

(ii)Simple integrals of the type: , , ,

, , ,

to be evaluated
(iii)Definite Integrals …. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
(iv) Basic properties of Definite Integrals and Evaluation of definite Integrals

APPLIED MATHEMATICS (CODE 241)

UNIT I NUMBERS, QUANTIFICATION AND NUMERICAL APPLICATIONS

OBJECTIVES

i) Modulo arithmetic

ii) Congruence modulo

iii) Alligation and mixture

iv) Numerical Problems on boats and streams, pipes and cistern , races and games

v) Numerical inequalities

UNIT II ALGEBRA

OBJECTIVES
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i) Matrices and types of matrices

ii) Equality of matrices

iii) Transpose of a matrix

iv) Symmetric and skew symmetric matrix

v) Algebra of matrices

vi) Determinants and its elementary properties

vii) Inverse of a matrix

viii) Solving system of simultaneous equations using matrix method, Cramer’s rule

UNIT III CALCULUS

DIFFERENTIATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS

OBJECTIVES

i) Higher Order Derivatives(second and higher order)

ii) Applications of derivatives

iii) Increasing / Decreasing functions

iv) Tangent and normal to a curve

v) Maxima and Minima

vi) Marginal cost and marginal revenue using derivatives

INTEGRATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS

OBJECTIVES

vii) Integration

viii) Indefinite Integrals as family of curves

ix) Definite Integrals as area under the curve

x) Application of Integration

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND MODELLING

xi) Differential Equations

xii) Formulating and solving differential equations

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xiii) Application of Differential Equations

UNIT VI INDEX NUMBERS AND TIME BASED DATA

OBJECTIVES

i) Time Series

ii) Components of Time Series

iii) Time Series analysis for univariate data

iv) Secular Trend

v) Methods of Measuring trend

UNIT VIII LINEAR PROGRAMMING

OBJECTIVES

i) Introduction and related terminology

ii) Mathematical formulation of Linear Programming Problem

iii) Different types of Linear Programming Problems

iv) Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables

v) Feasible and Infeasible Regions

vi) Feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solution

PHYSICAL EDUCATION (CODE 048)

Unit I Management of Sporting Events

● Functions of Sports Events Management (Planning, Organising, Staffing,

Directing &Controlling)
● Various Committees & their Responsibilities (pre; during & post)
● Fixtures and its Procedures – Knock-Out (Bye & Seeding) & League (Staircase &
Cyclic)

Unit II Children & Women in Sports

● Common Postural Deformities - Knock Knee; Bow Legs; Flat Foot;
Round Shoulders;Lordosis, Kyphosis, and Scoliosis and their corrective
measures
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 ● Special consideration (Menarche & Menstrual Dysfunction)
● Female Athletes Triad (Osteoporosis, Amenorrhea, Eating Disorders)

Unit III Yoga as Preventive measure for Lifestyle Disease

 Obesity: Procedure, Benefits & Contraindications for Tadasana,
Katichakrasana, Pavanmuktasana, Matsayasana, Halasana,
Pachimottansana, Ardha – Matsyendrasana, Dhanurasana, Ushtrasana,
Suryabedhan pranayama.
 Diabetes: Procedure, Benefits & Contraindications for Katichakrasana,
Pavanmuktasana,Bhujangasana, Shalabhasana, Dhanurasana, Supta-
vajarasana, Paschimottanasana, Ardha-Mastendrasana, Mandukasana,
Gomukasana, Yogmudra,Ushtrasana, Kapalabhati.
 Asthma: Procedure, Benefits & Contraindications for Tadasana,
Urdhwahastottansana, UttanMandukasana, Bhujangasana, Dhanurasana,
Ushtrasana, Vakrasana, Kapalbhati, Gomukhasana Matsyaasana,
Anuloma-Viloma.
 Hypertension: Procedure, Benefits & Contraindications for Tadasana,
Katichakransan, Uttanpadasana, Ardha Halasana, Sarala Matyasana,
Gomukhasana, UttanMandukasana, Vakrasana, Bhujangasana,
Makarasana, Shavasana, Nadi- shodhanapranayam, Sitlipranayam.

Unit IV Physical Education & Sports for CWSN (Children with Special Needs - Divyang)
● Organizations promoting Disability Sports (Special Olympics;
Paralympics;Deaflympics)
● Advantages of Physical Activities for children with special needs.
● Strategies to make Physical Activities assessable for children with special needs.

Unit V Sports & Nutrition

● Concept of balance diet and nutrition
● Macro and Micro Nutrients: Food sources & functions
● Nutritive & Non-Nutritive Components of Diet

Unit VI Test & Measurement in Sports

● Fitness Test – SAI Khelo India Fitness Test in school:
o Age group 5-8 yrs/ class 1-3: BMI, Flamingo Balance Test, Plate Tapping
Test
o Age group 9-18yrs/ class 4-12: BMI, 50mt Speed test, 600mt
Run/Walk, Sit &Reach flexibility test, Strength Test (Abdominal
Partial Curl Up, Push-Ups forboys, Modified Push-Ups for girls).
● Computing Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

● Rikli & Jones - Senior Citizen Fitness Test

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 I. Chair Stand Test for lower body strength
II. Arm Curl Test for upper body strength
III. Chair Sit & Reach Test for lower body flexibility
IV. Back Scratch Test for upper body flexibility
V. Eight Foot Up & Go Test for agility
VI. Six Minute Walk Test for Aerobic Endurance

Unit VII Physiology & Injuries in Sports

● Physiological factors determining components of physical fitness
● Effect of exercise on Muscular System
● Effect of exercise on Cardio-Respiratory System
● Sports injuries: Classification (Soft Tissue Injuries -Abrasion, Contusion,
Laceration, Incision, Sprain & Strain; Bone & Joint Injuries -
Dislocation, Fractures - Green Stick,Comminuted, Transverse Oblique &
Impacted)

COMPUTER SCIENCE (CODE 083)

Learning Objectives:

o Apply the concept of functions.

o Ability to create and use Python libraries.
o Apply the concept of file handling.
o Ability to use basic data structures: Stacks
o Explain the basics of computer networks.
o Ability to use connectivity between Python and SQL.

Unit 1: Computational Thinking and Programming - 2

o Revision of the basics of Python covered in class XI

o Functions: scope, parameter passing, mutable/immutable properties of data objects,
passing strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries to functions, default parameters, positional
parameters, return values, functions using libraries: mathematical and string functions.
o File handling: Need for a data file, Types of file: Text files, Binary files and CSV
(Comma-separated values) files.
o Text File: Basic operations on a text file: Open (filename – absolute or relative path,
mode) / Close a text file, Reading and Manipulation of data from a text file, Appending
data into a text file, standard input/output and error streams, relative and absolute
paths.
o Binary File: Basic operations on a binary file: Open (filename – absolute or relative
path, mode) / Close a binary file, Pickle Module – methods load and dump; Read,
Write/Create, Search, Append and Update operations in a binary file.
o CSV File: Import csv module, functions – Open / Close a csv file, Read from a csv
file and Write into a csv file using csv.reader ( ) and csv.writerow( ).
o Using Python libraries: Import Python libraries.
o Data-structures: Lists as covered in Class XI, Stacks – Push, Pop using a list

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 Unit 2: Computer Networks

o Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace Different ways of sending

data across the network with reference to switching techniques (Circuit and Packet
switching).
o Data Communication terminologies: Concept of Channel, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz,
MHz) and Data transfer rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps).
o Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio
link, microwave link and satellite link.
o Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Router, Switch, Gateway,
WiFi card.
o Network Topologies and types: Bus, Star, Tree, PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN.
o Network Protocol: TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, HTTP, SMTP, POP3,
Remote Login (Telnet) and Internet, Wireless / Mobile Communication protocol such
as GSM, GPRS and WLL.
o Mobile Telecommunication Technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G; Mobile
processors;
o Electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3, Protocols for Chat and Video
Conferencing: VoIP, Wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and WiMax
o Network Security Concepts:
Threats and prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spams
Use of Cookies, Protection using Firewall, https;
India IT Act, Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, IPR issues, hacking.
o Introduction To Web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML),
Extensible Markup Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Domain
Names; URL; Website, Web browser, Web Servers; Web Hosting.

ACCOUNTANCY (CODE 055)

1. Accounting for Partnership Firms – Fundamentals

Learning Outcome: The students should be able to understand—
 Definition and features of Partnership
 Meaning and contents of Partnership Deed
 Preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation Account
 Calculation of Interest on Capital and Interest on Drawings under various
situations, how to adjust errors, if any
 Explanation of how guarantee for a minimum amount of profit affects the
distribution of profits among the partners

2. Valuation of Goodwill
Learning Objectives: To acquaint the students with the knowledge of goodwill, its types
and different ways of calculating goodwill.

3. Change in the profit- sharing ratio among existing partners

Learning Objectives: To enable the students to understand the concept of-
 Sacrificing and Gaining Ratio
 Treatment of Goodwill
 Treatment of Accumulated Profits/Losses and Reserves
 Revaluation and Reassessment of Assets and Liabilities
 Adjustment of Capital and Preparing Reconstituted Balance Sheet

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 4. Admission of a Partner
Learning Objectives: The students would be able to understand how the admission of a
partner requires adjustments of various accounts in the books of the firm (Calculation of
NPSR and S.R., Treatment of Goodwill, Treatment of Accumulated Profits/Losses and
Reserves, Revaluation and Reassessment of A & L, Adjustment of Capital)

5. Reconstitution of Partnership – Retirement or Death of a Partner

Learning Objectives: The students would be able to understand how the retirement or
death of a partner requires adjustments of various accounts in the books of the firm and
why there is a need to adjust capital at the time of reconstitution along with preparation
of Loan A/c of Retired Partner / Executor.

6. Dissolution of a Partnership Firm

Learning Objectives: To enable the students to understand—
 Meaning and Modes of Dissolution of a Firm
 Procedure for Settlement of Accounts
 Necessary Entries on Dissolution to close the accounts of the firm
 Distinction between Revaluation and Realization Account
 Preparation of Memorandum Balance Sheet

7. Financial Statements of a Company

Learning Outcome: To enable the students to understand ---
 Meaning , objectives and limitations of Financial Statements
 Preparation of Balance Sheet of a Company
 Statement of Profit and Loss

8. Accounting Ratios
Objective: The students will be able to –
 Know the meaning of accounting ratio, its uses and limitations
 Understand the meaning and application of Liquidity, Solvency, Profitability
and Activity Ratios
 Apply the various ratios in solving problems on real life situations

Practical Work: (as per CBSE guidelines)

 Comprehensive Project (Journal , Ledgers, Trial Balance, Financial Statements and
Ratios)
 Specific project (cover the company profile) – to be continued in Term 2

BUSINESS STUDIES (CODE 054)

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management

1. Nature and Significance of Management
Learning Objectives:
 Meaning, Characteristics, importance, functions and objectives of management
 Meaning of ‘Effectiveness and Efficiency’.
 Nature of management as an art, science and profession
 Levels of management and their functions.
 Appreciate the concept, characteristics and importance of coordination.

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 2. Principles of Management
Learning Objectives:
 Concept- Meaning, features and significance of principles of management
 Taylor’s principles and techniques of scientific management
 Fayol’s principles of management
 Compare the contributions of Fayol and Taylor

3. Management and Business Environment

Learning Objectives:
 Meaning, features importance and dimensions of business environment and its
components
 Impact of Government Policy Changes on Business with special reference to
Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation in India since 1991.
 Demonetization- concept and features.

4. Planning
Learning Objectives:
 Meaning, features, importance and limitations of planning
 Steps in the process of planning.
 Develop an understanding of single Use and standing Plans
 Describe objectives, strategy, policy, procedure, method, rule, budget and
programme as types of plans.

5. Organising
Learning Objectives:
 Concept of organising as a structure and as a process.
 Steps in the process of organising and its importance.
 Meaning, advantages, disadvantages and suitability of functional and divisional
structure Difference between the two.
 Formal and informal organisation- concept, merits and demerits and difference
between the two
 Delegation-Concept, importance and elements. Decentralisation- Concept and
importance. Difference between Delegation and Decentralisation.

6. Staffing
Learning Objectives:
 Concept, importance and process of staffing.
 Understand the specialised duties and activities performed by Human Resource
Management.
 Meaning of recruitment, its sources- Internal and External sources of
recruitment and its merits and demerits; Selection- meaning and its process.
 Appreciate the concept of Training and Development, importance of training to
the organisation and to the employees
 Methods of training (on the job and off the job) - induction training, vestibule
training, apprenticeship training and internship training, difference between
training and development.
CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 17
 7. Directing
Learning Objectives:
 Concept, importance and elements of Directing
 Elements: Supervision-concept, Functions of a supervisor.
 Motivation-concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; financial and non-
financial incentives.
 Leadership- concept, Styles-authoritative, democratic and laissez faire.
 Communication- Concept, elements of the communication process, Formal
and informal communication, its merits and demerits, various types of
networks of formal and informal communication, various barriers to
effective communication& how to overcome barriers to communication.

8. Controlling
Learning Objectives:

 Concept, Importance and steps in the process of controlling

 Relationship between Planning and Controlling.

Part B: Business Finance and Marketing

9. Financial Markets (Chapter10)

Learning Objectives:
 Financial Markets: Concept, functions and Types
 Money market and its instruments
 Capital market and it’s Types (primary and secondary), difference between
capital and money market; primary and secondary markets, methods of floating
new issues in the primary market.
 Stock Exchange- Functions and Trading Procedure, meaning of depository
services and demat account as used in the trading procedure of securities
 Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)- Objectives and Functions

PROJECT WORK AS PER CBSE CURRICULUM

ECONOMICS (CODE 030)

April-September

MACRO ECONOMICS

1) MONEY AND BANKING

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: - To make the students capable of understanding:
i) Concept of money, Money supply and its components
ii) Meaning of a bank, Functions of Central Bank
iii) Process of Money creation by commercial banks

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2) DETERMINATION OF INCOME, OUTPUT AND EMPLOYMENT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: - To familiarise the students with the concepts of:
i) Aggregate Demand and its components
ii) Full employment and involuntary unemployment.
iii) Propensity to consume and save (average and marginal).
iv) Short run equilibrium and income determination
v) Investment multiplier and its mechanism.
vi) Problems of excess demand and deficient demand and Measures to correct it.

INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT- CURRENT CHALLENGES FACING INDIA

3) DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE (1947-1990) AND ECONOMIC REFORMS

SINCE 1991
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: - To enable the students to understand:
i) State of Indian economy on the eve of Independence
ii) Indian economic system and Common goals of five-year plans
iii) Main features, problems & policies of agriculture, industrial licensing, and foreign
trade
iv) Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation, and privatisation
v) Concepts of GST and demonetization

4) HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: - After studying the chapter, the students will be able to:
i) Differentiate physical capital and human capital
ii) Understand role of human capital in economic development,
iii) Growth of Education sector in India

5) RURAL DEVELOPMENT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: - The students will be able to:
i) Analyze the key issues relating to rural development-credit and marketing
ii) Understand role of cooperatives and agricultural diversification
iii) Alternative farming-organic farming

6) EMPLOYMENT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: - The learners will be able to:
i) Understand a few basic concepts relating to employment such as economic activity,
worker, workforce, unemployment, formal and informal growth
ii) Growth and changes in workforce participation rate in formal and informal sectors.
iii) Problems and policies.

PROJECT WORK (AS PER CBSE GUIDELINES):

Note: Half-Yearly Examination will be based on

a) 80 marks theory from Macro Economics (Book 1) and Indian Economic Development
(Book 2)
b) 20 marks practical based on Project Work including Viva.

CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 19

 HISTORY (CODE 027)

PART-1

THEME ONE

BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES.

The Harappan Civilisation

Learning objectives

 Familiarize the learner with early urban centres as economic and social institutions.
 Introduce the ways in which new data can lead to a revision of existing notions of
history.
 Illustrate how archaeological reports are analyzed and interpreted by scholars.

Methodology

 Reading, Discussion and Explanation of the chapter.

 Comparative study of the chapter between past and present.
 Research work
 Map work

THEME TWO

KINGS, FARMERS AND TOWNS

Early states and Economies
( c 600 BCE-600CE)

Learning objective

 Familiarize the learner with major trends in the political and economic history of the
subcontinent.
 Introduce inscriptional analysis and the way in which these have shaved the
understanding of political and economic process.

Methodology

 Reading, Discussion and Explanation of the chapter.

 A table chart, depicting the various topics of the chapter will be drawn on the board.
 Map work

THEME THREE

KINSHIP,CASTE AND CLASS

Early societies
(c.600 BCE-600 CE)

Learning objectives

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  Familiarize the learner with issues in social history.
 Introduce strategies of textual analysis and their use in reconstructing social history.

Methodology

 Reading, Discussion and Explanation of the chapter.

 A table chart, depicting the four varnas and their occupations, will be drawn on the
board.

THEME FOUR

THINKERS, BELIEFS AND BUILDINGS

Cultural developments
(c.600 BCE-600CE)

Learning objectives

 Discuss the major religious developments in early India

 Introduce strategies of visual analysis and their use in reconstructing histories of
religion.

Methodology

 Reading, Discussion and Explanation of the chapter.

 Timeline and Flow chart
 Map work

PART-II

THEME FIVE

THROUGH THE EYES OF TRAVELLERS:

Perceptions of society
(c.tenth to seventeenth centuries)

Learning objectives

 Familiarize the learner with the silent features of social histories described by the
travellers.
 Discuss how travellers’ accounts can be used as sources of social history.

Methodology

 Reading, Discussion and Explanation of the chapter.

 Timeline
 A table-chart, depicting the features of social histories of India described by the
travellers, will be drawn on the board.

THEME SEVEN

AN IMPERIAL CAPITAL: VIJAYANAGARA

(c.fourteenth to sixteenth centuries)
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Learning objectives

 Familiarize the learner with the new buildings that were built during the time.
 Discuss the ways in which architecture can be analysed to reconstruct history.

Methodology

 Reading, Discussion and Explanation of the chapter.

 Time-line
 Map work

THEME EIGHT

PEASANTS, ZAMINDARS AND THE STATE:

Agrarian society and the Mughal Empire
(c.sixteenth- seventeenth centuries)

Learning objectives

 Discuss developments in Agrarian relations.

 Discuss how to supplement official documents with other sources.

Methodology

 Reading, Discussion and Explanation of the chapter.

 Comparative study of rural society of Mughal period with present society.
 Map work

PART-III

THEME TEN

COLONIALISM AND THE COUNTRYSIDE:

Exploring official archives

Learning objectives

 Discuss how colonialism affected zamindars, peasants and artisans.

 Understand the problems and limits of using official sources for understanding the lives
of people.

Methodology

 Reading, Discussion and Explanation of the chapter.

 Picture reading

POLITICAL SCIENCE (CODE 028)

Contemporary World Politics

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Chapter 2 The End of Bipolarity
Learning Objectives

 To comprehend democratic politics and capitalism in post-communist countries

 To analyse India’s relations with Russia and other post – communist countries
Methodology

 Explanation of the text

 Classroom discussion
Chapter 4 Alternative (New) Centres of Power
Learning Objectives

 Analyzing and understanding rise of China as an economic power

 To comprehend the need for the creation and expansion of European Union, BRICS and
ASEAN
 Critically analyzing India’s changing relations with China

Chapter 5 South Asia and the Contemporary World

Learning Objectives

 To examine the process of democratization and its reversals in Pakistan, Nepal

 Understand the causes of Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka.
 Analyze the impact of economic globalization on the region
 Critically examine India’s relations with its neighbours

Chapter 6 International Organisations

Learning Objectives

 -To make students aware about the importance of International Organizations.

 - Analyzing the emergence of UN in world politics.

Methodology
- Explanation of the text
- Classroom discussion

POLITICS IN INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE

Chapter 1 Challenges of Nation Building

Learning Objectives

 Understanding the challenges of nation building at the time of independence

 To know the need for the formation of the state re-organization commission

Methodology

 Class discussion
 Explanation of the text

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Chapter 2 Planning and Development
Learning Objectives
 Understand the key choices available for development
 Analyzing the strategy chosen /adopted by India
 Familiarizing with its achievements and its limitations

Methodology

 Explanation of the text

 Classroom discussion

Chapter3 India’s Foreign Policy

Learning Objectives
 Acknowledging the factors that shaped India’s foreign policy
 Understanding India’s relations with China
 Analyzing India’s Nuclear policy

Methodology

 Explanation of the text

 Classroom discussion

Chapter- Parties and the Party Systems in India

Learning Objectives
 To Understand the nature of party system in India
 Analyze the need for the emergence of the opposition parties
 The establishment of a political system through free and fair elections

Methodology

 Classroom discussion
 Explanation of the text

PSYCHOLOGY (037)
Topic : Variations in Psychological Attributes.
Learning Objective:

 Understand psychological attributes on which people differ from each other.

 Learn about different methods that are used to assess psychological attributes.
 Explain what constitutes intelligent behavior.
 Understand how intelligence has different meaning in different cultures.
 Understand the difference between intelligence and aptitude.
Topic : Self and Personality
Learning Objective:

 Describe the concept of self and learn some ways for self regulation of behavior.

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  Explain the concept of personality
 Differentiate between various approaches to the study of personality.
 Develop insight into the development of a healthy personality
 Describe some techniques of personality development.
Topic : Meeting life Challenges
Learning Objective:

 Understand the nature, types and sources of stress as life challenges.

 Examine the effects of stress on psychological functioning.
 Learn ways to cope with stress.
 Know about the life skills that help people to stay healthy
 Understand the factors that promote positive health and well being.
Topic : Psychological Disorders
Learning Objective:

 Understand the basic issues in abnormal behavior and the criteria used to identify such
behaviors.
 Appreciate the factors which cause abnormal behavior.
 Explain the different methods of abnormal behavior.
 Describe the major psychological disorders.
Topic: Therapeutic Approaches

Learning Objectives:

 Familiarize yourself with the basic nature and process of psychotherapy.

 Appreciate that there are different types of therapies for helping people.
 Understand the use of psychological forms of intervention.
 Know how people with mental disorders can be rehabilitated.

FOOD PRODUCTION (CODE 809)

The Skill Course in "Food Production" is designed with the following objectives:

1. To develop skills of entrepreneurship in the industry.

2. To find employment as food production personnel and assistant manager in a small-scale

food service unit.

3. The course enables the students to establish and manage a small-scale foodservice unit. It
provides them with the necessary knowledge and skill to run and control all operations in the
unit.

4. It also equips the student to find employment in canteens, restaurants, hostels, railway
catering, and mobile catering.

5. It also helps to develop culinary skills.

CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 25

 6. The course can attain its objective only if it is taught by skilled teachers and the prescribed
infrastructure provided by the school.

7. The school should also negotiate with neighborhood food service units for on-the-job
training.

Employability Skills

Unit 1: Communication Skills-IV*

Unit 2: Self-management Skills-IV

Unit 3: ICT Skills-IV

Subject Specific Skills

Unit 1: Indian Regional Cookery

Objectives: · To enumerate and describe the factors that affect regional eating habits in various
parts of India. · To describe the unique ingredients found in various states of India. · To prepare
popular dishes from various regions of India. · To list popular Indian dishes from various
regions of India and appraise the variety of food in the Indian region.

Unit 2: Indian Snacks

Objectives: · To enumerate and describe the factors that affect regional eating habits in various
parts of India. · To describe the unique ingredients found in various states of India. · To prepare
popular dishes from various regions of India. · To list popular Indian dishes from various
regions of India and appraise the variety of food in the Indian region.

Unit 3: Indian Gravies

Objectives: · To explain the importance of preparation of basic gravies in a hotel. · To list

basic Indian gravies and describe their major ingredients and method of preparation. · To
enumerate the dishes in which the basic gravies are used. · To prepare basic Indian gravies.

Unit 4: Indian Sweets

Objectives: · To describe the importance of sweets in Indian tradition and festivities. · To list
popular sweets from various regions of India and write a brief description of each. · To explain
the role of sugar cookery in the preparation of sweets. · To prepare popular sweets from various
regions of India.

Unit 5: Presentation of Indian Meals

Objectives: · To describe the importance of a Balanced Diet and ways it can be accomplished
in Indian meals. · To list the accompaniments of Indian meals · To compare and contrast the
traditional and contemporary presentation of Indian meals.

Note: * marked units are to be assessed through Internal Assessment/ Student Activities.
They are not to be assessed in Theory Exams

CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 26

 COMMERCIAL ARTS (CODE 052)

THEORY – TOTAL - 15 MARKS

UNIT- I AND II: FUNDAMENTALS OF ART AND PAINTING - 15 MARKS

OBJECTIVE –

 To make students aware of the fundamental requirement of the subject

 To develop and polish the aesthetic sensibility and commercial art skills of the students
 To prepare students for different entrance exams about art or streams related to
commercial art
 To inculcate and develop the art appreciation skill in the students
 To apply art integration learning in task allotment to the students
 To make students confident while expressing themselves in class and in public

METHODOLOGY

 Reading
 Classroomom discussion
 Live examples and references
 Preparing research-based questionnaire/ project
 Learning from industrial examples
 Study of works of master artists as reference work

UNIT -1:

CHAPTER – 1 – INTRODUCTION TO MINIATURE PAINTING IN INDIA

ARTWORK – ( as per the CBSE notification)

CHAPTER – 2 – PAHARI AND R AJASTHANI MINIATURE PAINTING

ARTWORK – ( as per the CBSE notification)

CHAPTER -3 – MUGHAL AND DECCANI MINIATURE PAINTING

ARTWORK – ( as per the CBSE notification)

PRACTICAL – TOTAL - 35 MARKS (25 – practical exam attempted + 10 marks portfolio – a

compilation of term work)

PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES FOR PORTFOLIO -

 FUNDAMENTALS AND PRINCIPLES OF ILLUSTRATION -

a. Freehand sketching activity

CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 27

 b. Understanding the concept of shapes, forms and space while making illustrations
c. Illustrations based on daily life in black and white, colour specific, and mixed media
d. Illustrations based on Hindi and English literature ( in collaboration with Hindi and
English subjects)
 FUNDAMENTALS AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN AND COMMERCIAL ART –
LOGO DESIGNING AND PRINTMAKING ACTIVITY BASED ON -
a. Tessellations
b. Golden ratio
c. Shapes
d. Folk art
 FUNDAMENTALS OF POSTER MAKING –
a. Concept of shape, space and placement of elements in a poster
b. Posters based on natural, geometrical, hard and soft shapes, symmetrical and
asymmetrical layout
c. Advertisement posters
d. Informative and awareness posters
e. Invitation posters
f. Campaign posters
 RESEARCHCH WORK ( art appreciation activity)
a. Research work based on any one topic from the theory chapters of term -1
b. Culmination of research work in the form of story-boarding boarding
c. The workbook of Akira Kurosawa and Satyajit Ray will be used as reference work

PORTFOLIO COMPILATION – MUST INCLUDE ALL FINISHED WORK DONE IN

TERM-1 ALONG WITH THE SKETCHBOOK/ PRACTICE BOOK(documentation of work
done their layouts)

PAINTING (Code No.049)

THEORY – 30 Marks

CHAPTER – 1 – INTRODUCTION TO MINIATURE PAINTING IN INDIA

ARTWORK – ( as per the CBSE notification)

CHAPTER – 2 – PAHARI AND R AJASTHANI MINIATURE PAINTING

ARTWORK – ( as per the CBSE notification)

CHAPTER -3 – MUGHAL AND DECCANI MINIATURE PAINTING

ARTWORK – ( as per the CBSE notification)

PRACTICAL – 70Marks

CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 28

OBJECTIVE –

- to create an understanding of a practical aspect of art/History /Painting

- focusing on the skill-building required to create the technically correct work
- to create a technically
- to understand the medium and its working /progression of mediums
- To create a strong and effective portfolio by the term-end.

PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES -

1. Colour chart
2. Fundamental of Composition, keeping six limbs in mind (Figurative
(Proportion ))Market scene
3. Elements of Composition (flora fauna, Landscape, Plants, Waterbody
4. Art Integration( le Corbusier Architecture/History of Chandigarh (M.S.Randhawa
5. Composition UT 1)Haryana (Kala Gram /Suraj Kund)Punjab (Hola
Mohala)Chandigarh Rose Festival
6. Composition (Action figures
7. Composition live sketching
8. Movements in human figures and placing them in specific situations
9. Research-based activity based on the theoretical content of the given syllabus
10. Culmination of the mentioned research work into a visual work of art.

(Theory & Practical both) 100 Marks

Term 1

Unit 1, Assessment 1

Unit 1,2, Term -1

PAINTING (PRACTICAL)

70marks

OBJECTIVE –

- to create an understanding of a practical aspect of art/History /Painting

- focusing on the skill-building required to create the technically correct work
- to create a technically
- to understand the medium and its working /progression of mediums
- To create a strong and effective portfolio by the term-end.

PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES -

11. Colour chart

12. Fundamental of Composition, keeping six limbs in mind (Figurative
(Proportion ))Market scene
13. Elements of Composition (flora fauna, Landscape, Plants, Waterbody
14. Art Integration( le Corbusier Architecture/History of Chandigarh (M.S.Randhawa
CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 29
 15. Composition UT 1)Haryana (Kala Gram /Suraj Kund)Punjab (Hola
Mohala)Chandigarh Rose Festival
16. Composition (Action figures
17. Composition live sketching
18. Movements in human figures and placing them in specific situations
19. Research-based activity based on the theoretical content of the given syllabus
20. Culmination of the mentioned research work into a visual work of art.

(Theory & Practical both) 100 Marks

Term 1

Unit 1, Assessment 1

Unit 1,2, SA1

SOCIOLOGY (CODE 039)

Topic: Demographic Structure and Indian Society

Learning Objectives:

 What are the ways in which sociologists and demographers study a population?
 Which aspects of the population are socially significant, and what has been happening
on these fronts in the Indian case?
 Is our population simply an obstacle to development, or can it also be seen as helping
development in some ways?

Topic: Social Institutions: Continuity and Change

Learning Objectives:

 How has caste system as an institution been changing over the centuries, and what does
caste really mean today?
 What is the context in which the concept of ‘tribe’ was introduced into India? What
sorts of communities are tribes supposed to be, and what is at stake in defining them as
such? How do tribal communities define themselves in contemporary India?

Topic: Pattern of Social Inequality and Exclusion

Learning Objectives:

 Among the features of our society that have been the cause of greatest concern are its
seemingly unlimited capacity for generating inequality and exclusion.
 How successful have movements to resist caste exclusion been in our recent past?
 What have been the special problems of tribal movements? In what context are tribal
identities reasserting themselves today?

Topic: The Challenges of Cultural Diversity

CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 30

Learning Objectives:

 What have been our strengths and our weaknesses as a country?

 How many young adults face issues like communal conflict, regional or linguistic
chauvinism, and casteism without either wishing them away or being overwhelmed by
them?
 Why is it important for our collective future as a nation that every minority in India not
feel that it is insecure or at risk?
Topic: Structural Changes

Learning Objectives:

 To understand how our social reform and nationalist movement, our laws, our political
life and our Constitution, our industry and agriculture, our cities and our villages have
been shaped by our paradoxical experience with colonialism.
 To understand how this has had lasting implications for our specific experience with
modernity.

Topic: Cultural Changes

Learning Objectives:

 To understand the deliberate and conscious efforts made by the 19th century social
reformers and early 20th century nationalists to bring in changes in social practices that
discriminated against women and ‘lower’ castes.
 The less deliberate yet decisive changes in cultural practices that can broadly be
understood as the four processes of sanskritisation, modernization, secularization and
westernization.

LEGAL STUDIES (CODE 074)

The objective of introducing legal studies at the Class XI AND XII level is a modest attempt at
providing young people a grasp of some of the essential elements of law that govern our lives.
The course seeks to provide a historical background and evolution of our legal system. The
development of the Common Law system in India and the establishment of various types of
courts mark important milestones in our legal history. An understanding of these developments
and our own legal system is a key to grooming good citizens. In addition to this, the Legal
Studies course seeks to introduce students to some topics of practical utility including certain
substantive areas of law such as torts, contracts, property, concept of rule of law, principles of
justice, the differences between criminal and civil cases, various forms of dispute resolution,
rights available to the accused at various stages of the criminal investigative process, some of
the key components of Human Rights, etc.

 UNIT 1- JUDICIARY

 Learning Objective
 After reading this chapter students will understand the structure and hierarchy of courts
in India.

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  The development of the Common Law system in India and the establishment of various
types of courts mark important milestones in our legal history.

 Content of the chapter

1. Structure and Hierarchy of courts in India
2. Salient Features of Indian Judiciary
3. Appointment of Judges
4. Courts and Judicial Review

 Methodology
 Explanation of theory
 Classroom discussion

 UNIT-2-Topics of Law

 Learning objective
 After reading this chapter students will understand topics of practical utility including
certain substantive areas of law such as torts, contracts ,property ,admistrative law .
 Content of the chapter
1. Law of property
2. Law of contracts
3. Law of torts
4. Introduction to criminal laws in India
5. Administrative Law

 Methodology
 Explanation of theory
 Class discussion

 UNIT-3-Arbitration Tribunal Adjudication and Alternative Dispute Resolution

 Learning Objective
 To understand the following concepts: Adversarial System; InvestigativeSystem;
Alternative Dispute Resolution; Arbitration Agreement; Setting Aside of an Arbitral
Award; Enforcement of Arbitral Award; Evaluative & Facilitative Mediation;
Conciliation; Administrative Tribunal; Lok-Adalat; Lokpal; Lok-Ayukas.
 Contents of the chapter
1. Adversarial and inquisitorial systems
2. Tribunal Adjudication
3. Alternative Dispute Resolution

 Methodology
 Explanation of text
 Classroom discussion

 UNIT-4-Human Rights in India

 Learning objective
This Unit will provide students with :

CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 32

 1) the understanding of the words 'human rights'
2) some historical and international developments about human rights
3) the discussion about various kinds of human rights that are safeguarded by several laws in
India
4) examples of various themes with the corresponding laws
5) role of various human rights commissions in India and related complaint mechanisms.

 Contents of the Chapter

1. Human rights
2. Constitutional framework
3. Complaint mechanisms

 Methodology
 Explanation of text

Course Contents:

S No Unit Topics

1 Judiciary i. Structure and Hierarchy of Courts and

Legal Offices in India
ii. Constitution, Roles and Impartiality
iii. Appointments, Trainings, Retirement and
Removal of Judges
iv. Courts and Judicial Review

2 Topics of Law i. Law of Property

ii. Law of Contracts
iii. Law of Torts
iv. Introduction to Criminal Laws in India

3 Arbitration, i. Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems

Tribunal ii. Introduction to Alternative Dispute Resolution
Adjudication iii. Types of ADR- Arbitration, Administrative
and Tribunals
Alternative iv. Mediation and Conciliation
Dispute v. Lok Adalats
Resolution vi. Ombudsman
vii. Lokpal and Lokayukta

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4 Human Rights in i. Constitutional framework and Related laws in
India India- Human Rights in India; Preamble,
Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties,
Directive Principles of State Policy
ii. Complaint mechanism of quasi judicial bodies-
NHRC, NCM, NCW, NCSC and NCST

5 Legal Profession i. The Advocates Act, 1961

in India ii. The Bar Council of India
iii. Lawyers and Professional Ethics Professional
duties of an advocate; Advertising by Lawyers
iv. Opportunities for Law graduates
v. Legal Education in India
vi. Liberalization of the Legal Profession
vii. Women and Legal Profession in India.

6 Legal Services i. Free Legal Aid under Criminal law, Legal

Aid by the State, Legal Aid under the
Indian Constitution
ii. NALSA Regulations, 2010
iii. Criteria for giving free Legal Services
iv. Lok Adalats
v. Legal Aid in Context of Social Justice and
Human Rights

7 International i. Introduction to International Law

Context ii. Sources of International Law – Treaties,
Customs and ICJ Decisions
iii. International Institutions
iv. International Human Rights
v. Customary International Law
vi. International law & Municipal Law
vii. International Law & India
viii. Dispute Resolution – ICJ, ICC and Other
Dispute Resolution Mechanisms

8 Project ( Based on Syllabus) Refer below

KATHAK DANCE (CODE 056)

CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 34

 (THEORY)

TOPIC: - Basic understanding of the term Abhinay and definition of its four aspects
- Angika abhinay
- Vachika abhinay
- Aharya abhinay
- Satvika abhinaya

TOPIC: Aquitance of three gharanas of kathak dance:

- Lucknow gharana
- Jaipur gharana
- Banaras gharana

TOPIC: Rasa – definition and explanation of nine rasa .

TOPIC: knowledge of the following terms : (short note )

- Sangeet,Taal,Leya,Sthana,Chari,Gati,Mandala,Karana,Anghara,Bhramari,Utplavana,Lo
k dharmi,Natya dharmi,Raas and bhava.

TOPIC: AQUITANCE WITH THE TRADITIONAL :

- Costume
- Makeup

TERM-1(Practical )

TOPIC: - practice of tatkar set to teental in a

- Slower tempo (thah laya),Double (dugun),Four times( chaugun)

TOPIC: - The students should know the following compositions:

- Thaat,Aamad -2,Fast aamad ( tez aamad)-2,Vandana ,Tukra /toda-4,Tihaayi-4,Gat
bhav,Gat nikas,Parhant of toda/tukda, hast kriyaa

TOPIC :- Ability to improvise in nritta and abhinay .

HINDUSTANI MUSIC MELODIC INSTRUMENTS

(CODE 035)
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 THEORY
1. Define the following:-
Gram, Murchhana, Alankar

2. Define the following :-

Gamak, Meend, Kan, Kritnan

3. Granth Sangeet Ratnakar in detail.

4. Life sketch – Inayat Khan, Alauddin Khan

5. Tala notation –
Jhaptala, Rupak

6. Description of Ragas-
Bhairav, Bageshari

7. Raga noatation-
Bhairav, Bageshari

PRACTICAL
1. Tala notation –
Jhaptala, Rupak

2. Description of Ragas-
Bhairav, Bageshari

3. Raga noatation-
Bhairav, Bageshari

HINDUSTANI MUSIC VOCAL (Code – 034)

THEORY
1. Alanakar, Kan, Meend

2. Gram, Murchhana

3. Granth – Sangeet Ratnakar

4. Description of Tala- Jhaptala, Rupak

5. Life Sketch- Abdul Karim Khan, Faiyaz Khan

6. Critical study of prescribed ragas along with recognizing from phrase of swaras.
CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 36
 7. Description of Raga- Bhairav, Baheshwari

PRACTICAL
1. Notation of Raga Bhairav

2. Notation of Raga Bageshwari

3. Notation of Tala Jhaptala

4. Notation of Tala Rupak

CLASS XII (2022-23)/TERM-1/TEACHING PROGRAMME PAGE 37