12119922, 1005 AM Five Kingdom Classification Kingdoms, Features, Examples
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Diversity in Living Organisms
Five Kingdom Classification
CONCEPTS ~
Scientists have been trying to classify living organisms in various ways for
centuries. In fact, even Aristotle classified living organisms on the basis whether
they lived on land, water or air, But biologists wanted a broader system of
classifying living organisms. Hence came the five kingdom classification. Let us
look at it in detail.
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© Classification and its Types
« Plant Kingdom
« Animal Kingdom
* Nomenclature
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Five Kingdom
iation: Kingdoms, Features, Examples
iversity in Living Organisms - Part 1
Classification of Organisms
Arranging organs into groups based on similares andaferences.
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Distinguishing Features of the Five Kingdoms
Kingdom Monera
These organisms are prokaryotic and unicellular. They do not have a well-
defined nucleus and also lack cell organelles. Some organisms show the
presence of cell wall while there are others without a cell wall. Consequently,
some organisms are autotrophic and others are heterotrophic. Examples include
Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Mycoplasma.
Features of Monerans
1, They are typically unicellular organisms (but one group is mycelial),
2. Sap vacuoles do not occur. Instead, a gas vacuole may be present.
3. The predominant mode of nutrition is absorptive but some groups are
photosynthetic (holophytic) and chemosynthetic,
4, The organisms are non-motile or move by the beating of simple flagella
or by gliding.
5. The genetic material in these organisms is the naked circular DNA.
6. A nuclear envelope is absent. Both, ribosomes and simple
chromatophores, are the only subcellular organelles in the cytoplasm,
Types of Monerans
Kingdom Monera is classified into three sub-kingdoms-
* Archaebacteria
« Eubacteria
* Cyanobacteria
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Kingdom Protista
Organisms grouped under Kingdom Protista are all unicellular, but eukaryotic
organisms. These are the simplest forms of eukaryotes that exhibit either
autotrophic or heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Some organisms have
appendages such as cilia or flagella or pseudopodia to move around, Some
examples are Diatoms, Protozoans like Amoeba, Paramoecium
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Features of Kingdom Protista:
1. They are primarily aquatic.
2, They form a link with the others dealing with plants, animals and fungi.
3, Also, they have a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound
organelles.
4. Some have flagella or cilia.
5, They can reproduce asexually and sexually,
Sub-groups of Protista:
« Chrysophytes
« Dinoflagellates
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+ Euglenoids
* Slime Moulds
* Protozoans
Kingdom Fungi
Heterotrophic, Multicellular and Eukaryotic organisms are grouped under
Kingdom Fungi. Their mode of nutrition is saprophytic as they use decaying
organic matter as food, They have cell walls, which are made up of a substance
called Chitin. Fungi also form a symbiotic association with some blue-green
algae. Yeast, Mushroom, Aspergillus are examples of Fungi,
Features of Fungi:
1, The plant body of true fungi is a thallus. It may be non-mycelial or
mycelial.
2. The cell wall of fungi is mainly made up of chitin and cellulose.
3, The fungi are achlorophyllous organisms, Hence, they cannot prepare
their food. They live as heterotrophs i.e., as parasites and saprophytes.
Some forms live symbiotically with other green forms.
4, The fungi either reproduce vegetatively, asexually or sexually,
Kingdom Plantae
These are Eukaryotic, Multicellular organisms with a cell wall that is made up of
cellulose. They are autotrophs and synthesize their own food through the process
of photosynthesis. This kingdom includes all plants.
Based on the body differentiation and presence or absence of specialized
vascular tissue, Kingdom Plantae is divided into different divisions, namely
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Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
Examples are Spirogyra, Ferns, Pines, and Mango Plant etc.
Features of Plantae:
1. They have special organelles called chloroplasts.
2. They are autotrophic.
3. Reproduction can be asexual and sexual.
4, They show alternation of generation.
Kingdom Animalia
This Kingdom includes organisms that are Multicellular, Eukaryotic, without the
presence of cell wall. They have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition. They also
exhibit great diversity. Some organisms are simple while others have a complex
body with specialized tissue differentiation and body organs.
The Animal Kingdom is divided into many phyla and classes. Some of the phyla
are Porifera, Coelenterata, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata etc. Examples
— Hydra, Starfish, Earthworms, Monkeys, Birds etc.
Features of Animalia:
1, They are multicellular organisms that do not possess chlorophyll,
2. The mode of nutrition is heterotrophic i.e. they depend on other organisms
for food.
3. They have muscle cells due to which they have the capability to contract
and relax the body parts.
4. Reproduction is sexual. However, asexual reproduction is also found in
lower forms.
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5. During development, the multicellular embryo is formed from the zygote.
6, They require oxygen for aerobic respiration,
Solved Questions For You
Q, Pick the correct statement from the following:
1, Fungi are unicellular,
2. Monerans are eukaryotic.
3. Protistans are eukaryotic.
4, Plants and animals are not multicellular.
Ans, Protistans are Eukaryotic is the correct option. Fungi are microorganisms
but are multicellular. Monerans are prokaryotes. And we all know that plants and
animals are definitely multi-cellular.
FAQ’s on Five Kingdom Classification
Q1. Who proposed a five-kingdom classification and named kingdoms as
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia?
Answer: RH, Whittaker in 1969 introduced a Five Kingdom Classification, The
kingdoms characterize by him were titled Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and
Animalia.
The main principle for analysis used by him include complexity of cell structure
(it may be eukaryotic or prokaryotic), complexity of organisms (unicellular or
multicellular), thallus organisation, mode of nutrition (autotrophs or heterotrophs
or acrophobic), reproduction (sexual or asexual) and phylogenetic relationships
(prokaryotes to eukaryotes, unicellular to multicellular organism).
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Q2. In Whittaker’s five kingdom classification, eukaryotes were assigned to
A. All five
B. Only Four
C. Only Three
D, Only One
Answer: The five-kingdom classification was proposed by R. H. Whittaker in
the year 1969.
The kingdom Monera is comprised of unicellular prokaryotic organisms, The
other four kingdoms, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia are composed of all
the eukaryotic organisms.
Thus, the correct answer is option B,
Q3. In the five-kingdom system of classification developed by R. H. Whittaker,
members of the kingdom Animalia are heterotrophic, eukaryotic and
A. Multicellular
B, Motile
C. Unicellular or Multicellular
D. Both A and B
Answer: R. H. Whittaker proposed the five kingdom classification. The five
kingdom classification are- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The
organisms which are placed under the kingdom Animalia are heterotrophic and
depend on the other organisms for food. These are eukaryotic organisms with
well-developed organelles. These are multicellular organisms which are
composed of many cells and can perform activities like locomotion.
Thus, the correct answer is option D,
Q4. Who proposed the five-kingdom system of classification and on what basis?
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Answers: Five kingdoms of classification was proposed by RH Whittaker in
1969, He divided all living organisms into five kingdoms based on the following
features:
The complexity of cell structures
The complexity of body structures
Mode of obtaining nutrition
Ecological lifestyle
Phylogenetic relationship
The five kingdoms proposed by him were:
Kingdom Monera which includes prokaryotes.
Kingdom Protista which includes unicellular eukaryotes,
Kingdom Fungi which includes fungi.
Kingdom Plantae which includes multicellular eukaryotic plants.
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BROWSE
Diversity in Living Organisms
Five Kingdom Classification
Nomenclature: Definition and Rules of Binomial Nomenclature Plant Kingdom
Animal Kingdom Classification and its Types
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Five Kingdom Classification Kingdoms, Features, Examples
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