spot examination”: specified partial examination of each ofaspecified kind ofitemina designatedlotofpiping.'eg., ofpart of the length ofall shop-fabricated welds in alot of jacketed piping random spot examination’: a specified partial examination ofa percentage ofa specified kind of item ina designated Jot of piping? 344.2 Visual Examination 34.2.1 Definition. Visual examination is the direct observation of the external and internal portions of components, joints, and other piping elements that are readily accessible or can be exposed to view before, during, or after manufacture, fabrication, assembly, erec- tion, examination, or testing. This examination includes verification of Code and engineering design requirements for materials, components, dimensions, joint preparation, alignment, welding, bonding, brazing, bolting, threading, or other joining method, supports, assembly, and erection. 344.2.2 Method. Visual examination shall be performed in accordance with ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 9. Examination shall be by the direct visual tech- nique, The use of a remote visual technique and the accep- tance criteria beyond the requirements of this Code shall be a matter of agreement between contracting parties prior to the start of fabrication. Records of individual visual examinations are not required except for those of in-process examinations as specified in para, 344.7 344.3 Magnetic Particle Examination 34.3.1 Method. Examination of castings is covered in para, 302,3.3, Magnetic particle examination of welds and of components other than castings shall be performed in accordance with ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 7. 3443.2 Acceptance Criteria. Magnetic particle indica- tions are caused by the attraction of the test media to under test. However, al such indications are not neces- sarily imperfections, since excessive roughmess, magnetic permeability variations, etc, may produce nonrelevant indications, Inadvertent accumulation of particles not related to magnetic attraction is classified as a false indi- cation. Indications shall be verified as being relevant, nonrelevant, or false. Additional surface preparation and/or other test methods may be used as needed to verily the relevance of an indication ‘An indication ofan imperfection may be larger than the Imperfection that causes it; however, the size ofthe indi- cation isthe basis for acceptance evaluation. Only india tions that have any dimension greater than 1.5 mm (‘As in) shall be considered relevant. (a) Indications (2) Alinear indication is one having a length greater than three times its width 2) A rounded indication is one of circular oF ellie tical shape witha length equal to or less than three times its width, (2). Examination. All surfaces to be examined shall be free of (2) relevant linear indications (2) relevant rounded indications >5.0 mm (%¢ in) {G) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1.5 mm ('g in) or less, edge to edge 344.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination 34.4.1 Method. Examination of castings is covered in para. 302.3.3. Liquid penetrant examination of welds and ‘of components other than castings shall be performed in accordance with ASME BPVC, Section V, Article 6, 344.4.2 Acceptance Criteria. Liquid penetrant indica- tionsare caused by thebleed-outofa visible or fluorescent ddye from a surface discontinuity in the area under test. However, all such indications are not necessarily imper- fections, since excessive roughness, poor surface prepara- tion, etc, may produce nonrelevant indications, Inadvertent evidence of penetrant not related to actual bleed-out is classified as a false indication. Indications shall be verified as being relevant, nonrelevant, or false, Additional surface preparation and/or other test methods may be used as needed to verify the relevance of an indication An indication ofan imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it; however, the sizeof the indi- cation isthe basis for acceptance evaluation. Only indica- tions that have any dimension greater than 15 mm (‘As in.) shall be considered relevant. (a) Indications (@) Alinear indication is one having a length greater than three times its width (2) A rounded indication is one of circular or ellip- tical shape with a length equal to or les than three times its width, (b). Examination, All surfaces to be examined shall be free of (@) relevant linear indications (2) relevant rounded indications >5,0 mm (%o in.) G) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1.5 mm (‘4s in) oF less, edge to edge 344.5 Radiographic Examination 34.5.1 Method. Radiography of castings is covered in para. 302.3.3. Radiography of welds and of components ‘other than castings shall be performed in accordance with ‘ASME BPVC, Section V, Article , For the purpose of image {quality indicator (1Q1) selection, for welds with reinforce- ment, the thickness used shall be the nominal wall 89