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1. Bush, Albert O.; Fernandez, Jacqueline C.; Esch, Gerald W.; Seed, J. Richard (2001).

Parasitism: The Diversity and Ecology of Animal Parasites. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
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2.  Horizontal Disease Transmission Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, online-
medical-dictionary.org. 

3.  Routes of transmission of infectious diseases agents Archived 15 March 2012 at the Wayback


Machine from Modes of Introduction of Exotic Animal Disease Agents by Katharine M. Kurkjian &
Susan E. Little of The University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, date?
4.  Vertical transmission Archived 28 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine (definition --
medterms.com) date

5.  "Principles of Epidemiology: Chain of Infection". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Infection. 18
February 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2020.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is
in the public domain.
6. Siettos CI, Russo L (15 May 2013). "Mathematical modeling of infectious disease
dynamics". Virulence. 4 (4): 295–306. doi:10.4161/viru.24041. PMC 3710332. PMID 23552814.
7. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). "Introduction to
Pathogens". Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science.
8. Thomas, Stephen R.; Elkinton, Joseph S. (2004-03-01). "Pathogenicity and virulence". Journal of
Invertebrate Pathology. 85 (3): 146–151. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2004.01.006. ISSN 0022-2011.

9. ^ van den Driessche, Pauline (2017-08-01). "Reproduction numbers of infectious disease


models". Infectious Disease Modelling. 2 (3): 288–303. doi:10.1016/j.idm.2017.06.002. ISSN 2468-
0427.

10. In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing
communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or
group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.[1]

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