BASF Label Astaxanthin

BASF Aktiengesellschaft
Product Safety
Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
b
Label
Eco-Efficiency Analysis
Astaxanthin
February 12th, 2004
Validated
Eco-Efficiency
Analysis Methodology
Eco-Efficiency 12.02.2004 1
Product Safety
b
The Label
An eco-efficiency analysis was performed in

order to compare the environmental impacts
and the costs from all life-cycle stages of the
production and use of astaxanthin for salmon
production.
In the field of agriculture, astaxanthin, a
carotenoid, gives salmon the characteristic
pink colour hue. Whereas fish in the wild
obtain carotenoids transferred by organisms
up the food chain, salmon in culture
situations depend on the appropriate addition
of pigments to the feed.
The eco-efficiency analysis showed that the
production of astaxanthin by chemical
synthesis is clearly more eco-efficient than
the fermentation of micro-organisms or the
cultivation of algae.
Product Safety
b
Requirements Met
1. Accomplished Eco-Efficiency Analysis according to the

methodology certified by TÜV Rheinland/ Berlin-Brandenburg,
Germany.
2. Verification of Astaxanthin to be more eco-efficient than
other alternatives for feeding salmon in aquatic cultures.
3. Third party evaluation by DI C.-O. Gensch, Öko-Institut e. V.,
Freiburg (Germany) (so-called Critical Review according ISO
14040 ff.).
4. Publication of the results via internet on website
www.oeea.de, which is referred to on the label.
5. Payment of the licence fee for the duration of three years.
Product Safety
b
Certificate
Product Safety
b
food
Ecostudy of
Lucantin
Pink
for Salmon
Production
Product Safety
b
Objectives and Planned Use of the Study
Objective of the study

An eco-efficiency analysis was performed in order to compare the environmental
impacts and the costs from all life-cycle stages of the production and use of
astaxanthin for salmon production.
Use of the study Target groups of the study

– Internal strategy finding – BASF Research
– Identifying of weaknesses and – Decision-maker BASF
strengths – Customers
– Marketing – Public
Product Safety
b
Alternative Systems for the Production
of Astaxanthin
1.
1. 2.
2. 3.
3.
Customer Benefit BASF Product Comparable Products
• Production of Astaxanthin, • Astaxanthin,

1 t of salmon chemically biotechnologically
with synthesized produced with
Astaxanthin (Lucantin Pink) yeasts / fermentation
enriched diets
Astaxanthin produced
with algae in ponds
Product Safety
b
Definition of the Lucantin Pink Production
(10% Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin))
Box I:Production Box III: Disposal
For all
α- Vinyl- Production of chemical
Isophoron butinol processes
Additives
Lucantin
Pink
β- Electricity,
C6-Acetal Landfill
Isophoron Steam
Product cleaning
Asta- and packaging Waste
Oxo-
xanthin water
Isophoron
Box II: Usage
C 15-Salt Exhaust
C9-Acetal C15-Acetal
Feed production air
The presteps of each chemical production step, including the according needs for => not considered
energy, transport, emissions etc. are included into calculations. Same is valid for
surface used.
Product Safety
b
Definition of the Fermentative Production of Astaxanthin
(0.7% Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin))
Box I: Production Box III: Disposal
Production of Supply of Fermentation,

Sugar Electricity, Preparation
Steam
Production of
Yeast Extracts Landfill
Supply of Water Product
Production of cleaning and
Phosphates packaging
Waste
water
Production of
Magnesium Box II: Usage
sulfate Transport
Production of Feed Production

Ammonia Exhaust
air
surface used.
Product Safety
b
Definition of the Production of Astaxanthin with Algae
(2.7% Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin))
Box I:Production Box III: Disposal
Production of Supply of
Magnesium Electricity, Growth, harvest
sulfate Steam and preparation
of algae
Production of
Sodium Supply of Water
dicarbonate
Product cleaning
Production of and packaging Waste
Sodium Acetate Water
Box II: Usage

Production of Transport
Potassium
nitrate Feed production
surface used.
Product Safety
b
Eco-Efficiency Portfolio
(sales product have the same price per unit of active ingredient)
0
High Eco-
Efficiency
Ecological Valuation
Lucantin Pink
Algae
0.5
Fermentation
Low
1.0 Eco-Efficiency
1.0 0.5 0
Price of Astaxanthin
Product Safety
b
Interpretation of the Eco-Efficiency Portfolio

• Astaxanthin via chemical process is the most eco-efficient alternative for the
production of salmon (the distance from the diagonal is a measure for the
eco-efficiency).
• The high environmental performance of the chemical production of

astaxanthin is due mainly to the high energy consumption of the other
alternatives.
• From a customer´s point of view, all alternatives are economically equal.

The costs for the customer are about the same (market prices were used for
the calculation). There are no additional costs to be calculated from a
customer´s point of view.
Product Safety
b
Ecological Fingerprint
Product Safety
b
Ecological Fingerprint after BASF - Base Case

(per Tonne of Salmon
Salmon))
Energy use
Lucantin Pink 1,00
1,0 = worst position,
Fermentation
relatively better position <1
Algae 0,80
0,60
Land use Emissions
0,40
0,20
0,00
Risk potential Raw material use
Toxicity potential
Product Safety
b
Energy Use of Alternatives (per Tonne of Salmon

Salmon))
1,00
Energy use, standardized
0,80
0,60
1,00
0,40 0,75
0,20
0,16
0,00
Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae
Product Safety
b
Effects of Air-Emission 1 (per Tonne of Salmon

Salmon))
Global Warming Potential Summer Smog
(POCP= Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential)
180 0,12
Ethylene-equivalents [kg/tonne salmon]

CO 2 -equivalents [kg/tonne salmon]
160
0,10
140
120 0,08
100
0,06
80
60 0,04
40
0,02
20
0 0,00
Lucantin Pink
Algae
Fermentation
Fermentation
Lucantin Pink
Algae
CO2 CH4 halogenized NM-Voc* N20 CH4 NM-VOC**
* halogenized Non Methane Volatile organic compound ** Non Methane Volatile Organic Compound
Product Safety
b
Consumption of Raw Materials (per Tonne of Salmon

Salmon))
1200
Sand
70 Bauxite
1000
Raw material use [kg/a*Tonne Salmon]
Limestone
73 Iron
800
Phosphorus
246
600 Sulphur
918
NaCl
400 Brow n coal
394
Gas
92
200 Oil
120
44 126 Coal
69
0 9
Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae
Product Safety
b
Water Emissions
Impact Potential of Water Emissions I Impact Potential of Water Emissions II
60000
8000
50000 7000
crit. Volume [m l/tonne Salm on]

crit. Volume [m l/tonne Salm on]
6000
40000
5000
4000
30000
3000
20000
2000
1000
10000
0
Chemistry
Fermentation
Algae
0
BASF
Algae
Chemistry
Fermentation
BASF
N-total NH4+
COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand AOX
Hydrocarbons SO4--
BOD, Biological Oxygen Demand
Heavy Metals PO4--- Cl-
Product Safety
b
Toxicity Potential
Toxicity Potential of Production

1400
Like for all

Toxicity Potential [val. points/tonne salmon]
1200 environmental
categories, the
1000 toxicity potential was
calculated including
800 the prechains.
600
Astaxanthin Phosphate fertilizer

400
Glucose Magnesium sulfate
Yeast Ammonia
200
Magnesium sulfate Potassium nitrate
Sodium bicarbonate Sodium acetate
0
Chemistry, BASF Fermentation Algae
Product Safety
b
Risk Potential
Production Phase Use Phase
1400 900
30
Risk Potential [val. points/tonne salmon]

Risk Potential [val. points/tonne salmon]
800
1200 104 60
700
311
1000
207
600
800 600
500
69 200
600 35
400
30 300
200
200 300
400 104
311
104
0 0
207 200
100 311
200 35
122 69
0 100 207
207
69 69 104
0 0
Chemistry, Fermentation Algae
Chemistry, Fermentation Algae
BASF BASF
Storage
Transportation Feasibility to keep Process under Control
Formulation of the Product Storage
Additional Reconditioning
Other Production Processes Transportation
Agricultural Processes
Chemical Processes Formulation of the Product
Product Safety
b
Conclusion/ Perspective
• Strength • Weakness
– holistic approach – only valid for specific process under
– includes all aspects of value chain examination
– integrates various types of data – still fairly complex
– data sets from internal and external
sources
Perspective
• basis for discussion with consumer groups
• may be applicable for the salmon production as a whole
• confirms superiority of chemical process at this moment in time
Product Safety
b
Critical Review
BASF´s eco-efficiency was carefully examined and evaluated by independent experts of the
Öko-Institut e. V. in Freiburg, Germany. Öko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology), a
registered well-known non-profit association, was founded in 1977. The objectives of the
institute are to analyse and evaluate current and future environmental problems, to point out
risks, and to develop and implement problem-solving strategies and measures.
Extract from the summary of the report:

„...This expert´s opinion concerns an eco-efficiency analysis carried out by BASF AG, in
which three variants of astaxanthin production (chemical synthesis, biotechnology using
yeasts/ fermenters, and production from algae/ ponds) are compared. The purpose of this
expert´s opinion commissioned by BASF is to ensure that the methodology of the eco-
efficiency analysis is consistent and that the data used are suitable and expedient as regards
the objective.
Öko-Institut e. V. comes to the conclusion that the eco-efficiency analysis presented
was conducted with a consistent methodology and that the data are applied expedient
with regard to the objective and the framework examined in the study. The
presentation of the results is largely clear and plausible...“
Authors: Dipl.-Ing. Carl-Otto Gensch (Project Leader), Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Kathrin Graulich, Dr.
Jennifer Teufel (all Öko-Institut e. V., Geschäftsstelle Freiburg, 79308 Freiburg, Germany).
Product Safety
b
Contact
For more information about Lucantin Pink (astaxanthin) please contact:
Dr. Remi Baker

MEM/AA
+49 621 60-97221
Remi.Baker@basf-ag.de
For more information about the eco-efficiency analysis please contact:
Dr. Peter Saling

GUP/CE
+49 621 60-58146
Peter.Saling@basf-ag.de

BASF Label Astaxanthin

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BASF Aktiengesellschaft

February 12th, 2004

An eco-efficiency analysis was performed in

1. Accomplished Eco-Efficiency Analysis according to the

Objectives and Planned Use of the Study

Objective of the study

Use of the study Target groups of the study

• Production of Astaxanthin, • Astaxanthin,

Production of Supply of Fermentation,

Production of Feed Production

Box II: Usage

Interpretation of the Eco-Efficiency Portfolio

• The high environmental performance of the chemical production of

• From a customer´s point of view, all alternatives are economically equal.

Ecological Fingerprint after BASF - Base Case

Risk potential Raw material use

Energy Use of Alternatives (per Tonne of Salmon

Effects of Air-Emission 1 (per Tonne of Salmon

Ethylene-equivalents [kg/tonne salmon]

Consumption of Raw Materials (per Tonne of Salmon

400 Brow n coal

crit. Volume [m l/tonne Salm on]

Toxicity Potential of Production

Like for all

Astaxanthin Phosphate fertilizer

Risk Potential [val. points/tonne salmon]

Extract from the summary of the report:

Dr. Remi Baker

For more information about the eco-efficiency analysis please contact:

Dr. Peter Saling

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