Lesson

Drawing Conclusions
24
What I Need to Know
Many of us find it hard to begin our research paper. It is also quite the same situation as we end it. It is a bit of a
challenge and so neophyte researchers must be exposed to many examples. They also seek assistance from their
research teachers and instructors. We have to understand that a good research paper must be finished with a good
conclusion that is logical, factual and insightful. So we invite to come join us explore this module to know more
about drawing conclusions for a research paper.

What’s In
Just a review, we have to remember that drawing
conclusion is one integral part of the analytical phase of
making a research. Meaning to say, we need to do critical
analysis first of the gathered data before we can come up
with conclusions. Thorough analysis must be done before a
researcher like you can make a logical, factual and insightful
conclusion.

What’s New
Study and analyze the pictures below and write concluding statements. Limit your conclusions in
one or two sentences.
1. 2. 3.

What it is

In the previous activity, HOW DID YOU ARRIVE WITH A CONCLUSION? Did you analytically look at the
picture? Did you carefully study its parts and relate them to each other? Have you studied the details and used
your logical thinking, knowledge and experience before you jumped into a conclusion? These are specifically what
we do when writing a conclusion for a research paper. READ MORE TO LEARN MORE!

A conclusion is generally the last few paragraphs in your research paper. After careful data analysis and reporting of
findings, finally you have come to a point to share your realizations regarding your research topic. Essentially,
conclusions contain your insights and direct answers to your stated research problems.

Being the last parcel of your investigative endeavor, your conclusions must not be sloppy, lousy and weak. Treat your
conclusion like a final harmony in a song which must be beautifully orchestrated. In this way, you gain more confidence
as a researcher and your paper earns more credibility.
 What’s More
ACTIVITY 1: Examine the sample conclusion below. Study its beginning part, its development and
how it was put to close. Our aim is to learn how we can come up with a logical, factual and insightful
conclusion for our research.

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
Intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies are highly related to each other. The home management styles,
hobbies, involvement to civic and cultural organizations, self-esteem, self-monitor, and intrapersonal competency
are positively but negligibly related to school effectiveness. Meanwhile, age, educational attainment, training,
home atmosphere, locus of control, risk-taker, all specific variables of interpersonal competency are negatively
and lowly related to school effectiveness.
Human virtues and Machiavellianism are positively slightly related to school effectiveness while administrative
experience is negatively slightly related to school effectiveness. The factors of school effectiveness are human
relation skills, professionalism, and management capability.
The proposed human relation intervention program is strongly agreed to be implemented.

SOURCE: Practical Research 2 foe Senior High School by Amadeo Pangilinan

Cristobal, Jr., Ed.D. and Maura Consolacion De La Cruz-Cristobal, Ed.D.,
page 224-225

ASSESSMENT 1: Based on the previous sample conclusion, briefly answer the following:

1) How does the researcher start with his conclusions?

2) Based on the conclusions, what are the three variables under study?
3) What do you mean by positively and negatively related?

ACTIVITY 2: Examine the sample conclusion below. Take note of some of the words that you do not understand and
know their meaning by using a dictionary.
Therefore, the ratings on the level of performance of instructors of the Accountancy Department and
School of Law by their academic heads are not significantly different to the ratings of their students. This
means that their ratings are unanimous, that is, the perception of the academic heads about the level of
performance of instructors are affirmed by their students. Meanwhile, the ratings on the level of performance
of instructors of the Business and General Education Departments by their academic heads are significantly
different from the ratings of their students. Therefore, the ratings of the academic heads are really different
from the ratings of the students. Comparing the grand weighted means of the academic heads (WM-3.67)
to that of the students (WM-4.18) , the students gave a higher rating.

SOURCE: Practical Research 2 foe Senior High School by Amadeo Pangilinan Cristobal, Jr., Ed.D. and
Maura Consolacion De La Cruz-Cristobal, Ed.D., page 225
ASSESSMENT 2: Using internet connectivity and other resources, improve this concluding paragraph of a research
paper by adding more insights. You can also cite some literatures to make it more comprehensive and credible.

SOURCE: Practical Research 2 foe Senior High School by Amadeo Pangilinan Cristobal, Jr., Ed.D.
and Maura Consolacion De La Cruz-Cristobal, Ed.D., page 225

ACTIVITY 3: Read and study the following conclusions below. Encircle the words that you do not understand and
know their meaning.

ASSESSMENT 3: Now that you already have a background of the above-mentioned concluding statements,
supplement more facts to enhance the stated insights. Feel free to cite literatures when needed in some parts.

Competence, communication skills & personality are salient qualities of teachers to increase student motivation.

General weighted average of Senior High School students are significantly related to their success in college.

Parental involvement and support are significant contributing factors in encouraging the students to study more.

What I Have Learned

Conclusions are the last few paragraphs we write on our research papers. If the introduction creates
an impression, in the same way conclusions must be written in an engaging fashion to also leave a mark in the minds
and hearts of the readers. It is not a mere reiteration but more of answering the research problems previously stated in
the paper. Conclusions are essentially
 Lesson

25 Proposing Recommendations

What I Need to Know

Research is made to address numerous concerns we have in the community and society. Researchers
like you work day and night to answer never ending questions and solve various problems in our lives. After a
rigorous, painstaking investigation, these researchers draw conclusions and were able to come up with
suggestions to better approach our way of living. Making recommendations is also integral part of research for
in this part, we think of alternative solutions and approaches to our immediate concerns. How to make
recommendations? Read more to learn more!

What’s In
Where are we now? Well, we just had our lesson in drawing conclusions. And we have said that making
conclusions follow some principles and basic steps in order for them to be logical, factual and insightful.
This module is now the sequel of that research procedure. After drawing conclusions, it is now time for you
to propose suggestions that can be used by other researchers in the field for future studies. Maximize this
module by going through several activities and assessments to gain more knowledge on how to write
equally significant and interesting recommendations. Enjoy your journey!

What’s New
Below are some issues and concerns in the school. What are some of the suggestions you have to attend
to these campus problems? Write a sentence or two in the space provided for you .

What is It
In the previous activity, WHAT CAN YOU SAY ABOUT THE STATED PROBLEMS IN THE CAMPUS?
These are the usual concerns and challenges that we encounter in the school. If you notice, these are
immediate problems that deserve immediate solutions. As active members of our very own school, we
have to make suggestions to attend to these problems. Making suggestions is very much similar to
proposing
Recommendations are also integral part of the last chapter of a research paper. They are generally the practical
suggestions exclusively done for future researchers in the field. These recommendations are presented to enhance
the salient variables involved in the investigation being pursued.
If conclusions are established based on the findings, recommendations are drafted based on the conclusions of the
researcher. They are stated and expressed using clear, concise and precise style. They are very much related to
research problems and are deemed to be feasible for implementation.
So why craft recommendations for research? They suggest measures and strategies to concerned entities to
enhance practices and systems. They also suggest some topics for individuals who want to conduct similar studies.

ACTIVITY 1: Read and study the sample recommendations below. Take note of its STRUCTURE, CONTENT and
STYLE
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations are proposed:
1) The questionnaires can serve as satisfactory self-evaluation tool for the human relations
development of school managers.
2) The findings of the study can be used in the review and revisions of the continuing education
program for principals and head teachers especially in human relations skills.
3) The validated human relations intervention program should be tried out to all school managers
in public, private and state universities and colleges (SUC).
4) The intervention program should undergo the process of “quality assurance” whereby the ten
(10) modules must receive a rating of 5 (excellent) to ensure its applicability to school managers.
5) This study may be replicated by considering a bigger group of respondents in the private institutions
and in SUCs.

SOURCE: Practical Research 2 foe Senior High School by Amadeo Pangilinan Cristobal, Jr., Ed.D.
and Maura Consolacion De La Cruz-Cristobal, Ed.D., page 225-226

ASSESSMENT 1: Based on the previous sample recommendations, briefly answer the following questions:
1) Who do you think are being referred to as school managers?
2) Based on the recommendations, what is termed as intervention program?
3) Why is quality assurance needed before implementing intervention program?

ACTIVITY 2: Examine the introductory part of a recommendation. HIGHLIGHT keywords that you can also use for your
own research paper. Note these words which you can incorporate in your own recommendations.

Furthermore, it is recommended that a training on test construction and English proficiency which includes
rules in capitalization, pluralization, use of tenses, parallelism, and the use of punctuation marks, among others,
must be conducted and the proposed guidelines for test construction must be observed for standardization
purposes. Having indicated all these, the following recommendations are hereby proposed:

SOURCE: Practical Research 2 foe Senior High School by Amadeo Pangilinan Cristobal, Jr., Ed.D. and Maura
Consolacion De La Cruz-Cristobal, Ed.D., page 226

Write your notes here:

______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
ASSESSMENT 2: The recommendation stated in the previous is unfinished. Study carefully the first part of it and be
ready to enumerate more recommendations.
Furthermore, it is recommended that a training on test construction and English proficiency which includes rules in
capitalization, pluralization, use of tenses, parallelism, and the use of punctuation marks, among others, must be
conducted and the proposed guidelines for test construction must be observed for standardization purposes. Having
indicated all these, the following recommendations are hereby proposed:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SOURCE: Practical Research 2 foe Senior High School by Amadeo Pangilinan Cristobal, Jr., Ed.D. and Maura

ACTIVITY 3: Read the following statements below. Make comments/opinions by writing a sentence or two.

ASSESSMENT 3: Based on the statements from the previous activity, feel free to make two (2) more
recommendations for each item.

A. STUDENTS ARE VERY AFRAID OF EXPRESSING THEMSELVES IN ENGLISH.

1.
2.
3.
B. CHEATING DURING THE TEST IS BECOMING A TOLERATED HABIT OF STUDENTS.
1.
2.
3.
C. TEACHERS ARE BECOMING MORE STRESSED WITH THEIR JOB.
1.
2.
3.
D. BASHING, SHAMING AND BULLYING ARE BECOMING NORMAL BEHAVIORS OF STUDENTS.
1.
2.
3.

What I Have Learned

Recommendations are just one of the significant parts of Chapter 4. It presents the feasible suggestions of the
researchers for people who also want to endeavor in the same field. Recommendations also aim at exploring other
possibilities within the context of the research topic.

When making recommendations, one can build on unexpected findings and unanswered aspects of the
research problem. Through recommendations, another topic can emerge with a whole new context, location or culture.