Precalculus

SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL

Reference Angle
Module

5
Quarter 2
Precalculus
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Reference Angle
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Emma G. Gonzalvo
Editors: Nenet M. Pe𝑛̃aranda
Reviewers: Erwin C. Lugtu, Raffy D. Maga, Annie Ascotia, and Ron Robert Peca𝑛̃a
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña, Ed. D.
Chief - School Governance and Operations Division
OIC – Chief Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors
1. Librada L. Agon, Ed. D., EPP/TLE
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9. Dulce O. Santos, Ed. D., Kinder/MTB
10. Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed. D., Mathematics

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Precalculus
SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL

Module

5
Reference Angle
Quarter 2
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Precalculus (Senior High School) Module on a Reference Angle!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Precalculus Module on a Reference Angle!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module. Ito po ang parts ng module
 EXPECTATION

Lesson: Reference Angle

Learning Objective:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. use reference angles to find exact values of circular functions

PRETEST

Give the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is the reference angle of 𝜃 = 3150 ?

a. 𝜃𝑅 = 450 b. 𝜃𝑅 = 350 c. 𝜃𝑅 = 300 d. 𝜃𝑅 = 150

2. Which of the following is the correct formula to find the reference

5𝜋
angle of 𝜃 = ?
6
5𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
a. 𝜃𝑅 = 𝜋 + b. 𝜃𝑅 = 𝜋 − c. 𝜃𝑅 = 2𝜋 + d. 𝜃𝑅 = 2𝜋 −
6 6 6 6

5𝜋
3. In what quadrant is 𝑃(𝜃) located if 𝜃 = ?
6
a. QI b. QII c. QIII d. QIV

4. In what quadrant is 𝑃(𝜃) located if sec 𝜃 > 0 and 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 < 0 ?

a. QI b. QII c. QIII d. QIV

5. Use reference angle and appropriate sign to find the exact value of
7𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− ).
6
√3 √3 √3 √3
a. b. c. − d. −
2 3 2 3
 RECAP

Let us recall the definition of the Trigonometric Functions in terms of a Unit

Circle.
If 𝒔 is a real number and 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) is the point on the unit circle 𝑼 that
corresponds to 𝒔, then
𝑦
sin 𝒔 = 𝑦 cos 𝒔 = 𝑥 tan 𝒔 = (if 𝑥 ≠ 0)
𝑥

1 1 𝑥
csc 𝒔 = (if 𝑦 ≠ 0) sec 𝒔 = (if 𝑥 ≠ 0) cot 𝒔 = (if 𝑦 ≠ 0)
𝑦 𝑥 𝑦

LESSON

In our previous discussion, you learned the exact values of the

circular or trigonometric functions by using the definition in terms of either
an angle or a unit circle.

This time we will show how the values of any circular or trigonometric
function at an angle of 𝜃 degrees or at a real number s can be found from
𝜋
its values in the 𝜃-interval (00 , 900 ) or the s-interval (𝑜, ), respectively.
2

We shall make use of the following concept.

Definition of Reference Angle

Let 𝜃 be an angle in standard position. The reference angle for 𝜃 is the acute
angle denoted by 𝜃𝑅 that the terminal side of a given angle makes with the
𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠. It is the angle between the terminal side and the x-axis.

Regardless of which quadrant we are in, the reference angle is always made
positive.

Illustrations of Reference Angle in each of the four quadrants:

(a) Quadrant I (b) Quadrant II

 (c)Quadrant III (d) Quadrant IV

Example 1. Find the reference angle 𝜃𝑅 for 𝜃 and sketch in standard

position on the same coordinate plane.

(a) 𝜃 = 3150

Solution:
The angle 𝜃 = 3150 is in quadrant IV,
therefore
𝜃𝑅 = 3600 − 3150
𝜃𝑅 = 450

5𝜋
(b) 𝜃 =
6

Solution:
5𝜋
The angle 𝜃 = is in quadrant II,
6
we have
5𝜋
𝜃𝑅 = 𝜋 −
6
𝜋
𝜃𝑅 =
6

Example 2. Find the reference angle and used it to find the exact values of
six circular or trigonometric functions if the given 𝜃 = −2400 and
sketch in standard position on the same coordinate plane.

Solution:
The angle between 00 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3600 that is coterminal with 𝜃 = −2400 is
−2400 + 3600 = 1200 ,
which is in quadrant II, using the formula in QII, we have

𝜃𝑅 = 1800 − 1200
𝜃𝑅 = 600
The angle 𝜃 = −2400 with coterminal angle
𝜃 = 1200 and its reference angle 𝜃𝑅 = 600 are
sketched on the right side. Since 𝜃 is in QII
and using the reference angle, we obtain

√3 2√3
𝑠𝑖𝑛 (−240)0 = sin 600 = csc(−240)0 = csc 600 =
2 3
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 (−240)0 = −cos 600 = − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (−240)0 = −sec 600 = −2
2
√3
𝑡𝑎𝑛 (−240)0 = −tan 600 = −√3 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (−240)0 = − cot 600 = −
3

ACTIVITIES

Use your graphing notebook to answer the following.

Activity A. Find the reference angle 𝜃𝑅 if 𝜃 has the given measure.

1. 𝜃 = 3400
5𝜋
2. 𝜃 =
4
3. 𝜃 = −1200
5𝜋
4. 𝜃 =
3
5. 𝜃 = 1000
Activity B. Sketch in standard position on the same coordinate plane the
given 𝜃 and the reference angle 𝜃𝑅 in Activity A.

WRAP–UP

Need to Remember
Regardless of which quadrant we are in, the reference angle is always made
positive. It is the angle between the terminal side and the x-axis.
Here are the following formulas to find the degree or radian measure of 𝜃𝑅
when 𝜃 is in degrees or radians.

QI QII QIII QIV

𝜃𝑅 = 𝜃 𝜃𝑅 = 1800 − 𝜃 𝜃𝑅 = 𝜃 − 1800 𝜃𝑅 = 3600 − 𝜃

𝜃𝑅 = 𝜋 − 𝜃 𝜃𝑅 = 𝜃 − 𝜋 𝜃𝑅 = 2𝜋 − 𝜃
 VALUING

The use of reference angles is a way to simplify the calculation of the

values of the circular or trigonometric functions at various angles. In life,
luxury and sophisticated things are not essential, and simplicity is a way to
remain humble at all times. How do you simplify your life and remain
humble in this time of pandemic crisis?

POSTTEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer by writing it on your

notebook.

A. Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is the reference angle of 𝜃 = 2100 ?
a. 𝜃𝑅 = 600 b. 𝜃𝑅 = 450 c. 𝜃𝑅 = 350 d. 𝜃𝑅 = 300

2. Which of the following is the correct formula in order to find the

11𝜋
reference angle of 𝜃 = ?
6

11𝜋 11𝜋 11𝜋

a. 𝜃𝑅 = 𝜋 + b. 𝜃𝑅 = 𝜋 − c. 𝜃𝑅 = 2𝜋 + d. 𝜃𝑅 = 2𝜋 −
6 6 6
11𝜋
6

11𝜋
3. In what quadrant is 𝑃(𝜃) located if 𝜃 = ?
6

a. QI b. QII c. QIII d. QIV

4. In what quadrant is 𝑃(𝜃) located if tan 𝜃 > 0 and 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 < 0 ?

a. QI b. QII c. QIII d. QIV

5. Use reference angle and appropriate sign to find the exact value of
2𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− ).
3

√2 √3 1 √3
a. b. c. − d. −
2 3 2 3
B. Find the reference angle and sketch in standard position on the same
coordinate plane.
2𝜋
(1) 𝜃 = 1500 (2) 𝜃 =
3

KEY TO CORRECTION

2. 1.

B.
5. C 4. C 3. C 2. D A. 1. D
POSTTEST

ACTIVITY B.
3 4
5. 800 4. 3. 600 2. 1. 200
𝜋 𝜋

ACTIVITY A.
5. C 4. D 3. B 2. B 1. A
Pretest :
 R E F E R E N CE S

BOOK

Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. 2016. Precalculus

Learner's Material.

Leithold, Louis. 1989. College Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison Wesley

Longman Inc., reprinted by Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2002.

WEBSITE

Mathplanet. “Circular functions.” Accessed June 20,

2020.://www.mathplanet.com/about-mathplanet