Precalculus

SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL

Unit Circle: Linear and Angular Module

Measures of its Central Angle 1
Quarter 2
Precalculus
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Unit Circle: Linear and Angular Measures of its Central Angle
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Erwin C. Lugtu
Editor: Nenet M. Peñaranda
Reviewers: Emma G. Gonzalvo, Raffy D. Maga, Annie R. Ascotia, and Ron Robert Pecaña
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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Victor M. Javeña, Ed.D
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon, Ed. D., EPP/TLE

Liza A. Alvarez, Science
Bernard R. Balitao. Araling Panlipunan
Joselito E. Calios, English
Norlyn D. Conde Ed. D., MAPEH
Wilma Q. Del Rosario, LRMS
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D., Filipino
Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D. ESP/SPED
Dulce O. Santos, Ed. D., Kinder/ MTB
Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed. D., Mathematics

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education – Division of Pasig City

 Precalculus
SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL

Module

1
Quarter 2
Unit Circle: Linear and
Angular Measures of its
Central Angle
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Precalculus for Senior High School Module on Unit Circle: Linear
and Angular Measures of its Central Angle!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Precalculus Module on Unit Circle: Linear and Angular Measures of
its Central Angle!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.
 EXPECTATIONS

Learning Objective:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and
angular measures of a central angle in a unit circle.

PRETEST

Write TRUE if the given statement is true. Otherwise, write FALSE.

1. A unit circle has an equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 , where 𝑟 is any positive

integer.
2. An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint. It is positive if
the ray rotates a counterclockwise direction, and its negative if the ray
rotates in a clockwise rotation.
1
3. A central angle of a circle measures one radian if it intercepts of
360
the circumference of the circle.
4. A central angle of the unit circle that intercepts an arc of the circle
with length 1 unit is said to have a measure of one degree.
5. A one complete revolution measures 2𝜋 radians.
 RECAP

Recalling key concepts involving angles:

o An angle is a plane figure consisting of two rays having the same
endpoint.
o The sides of an angle are the rays; one is the initial side, the other is
the terminal side.
o A central angle of a circle is an angle whose sides’ common endpoint,
its vertex, is at the center of the circle.
o An arc intercepted by a central angle is the part of the circumference
of the circle swept by the central angle (from initial to terminal side);
in this case, we also say that the arc subtends the central angle.

LESSON

An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint. In Figure 1.1 shown
below, the initial side of ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 is OA, while its terminal side is OB. An angle
is said to be positive if the ray rotates in a counterclockwise direction, and
the angle is negative if it rotates in a clockwise direction.
If an angle fits a coordinate system in which the origin is the vertex and the
initial side coincides with the positive x-axis, then this angle is said to be an
angle in standard position. The angles 𝛼, 𝜃 and 𝛽 in Figure 1.2 are angles
in standard position.

To measure angles, we use degrees, minutes, seconds, and radians.

A central angle of a circle measures one degree, written 1o, if it

1
intercepts of the circumference of the circle. One minute, written 1’,
360
1 1
is of 1o, while one second, written 1”, is of 1’.
60 60

For example, in degrees, minutes, and seconds,

18
20o 30’ 18” = 20o (30 + )′ 19.251° = 19 (0.251 x
60
60)’

= 20o 30.3’ = 19° 15.06’

30.3
= (20 + )° =.
60
19°15’(0.06x60)”

= 20.505° = 19° 15’ 3.6”

The location of the terminal sides of angles in standard position measured in

degrees are shown in Figure 1.3.
 Recall that the unit circle is
the circle given by the equation
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 where the center is
at the origin and radius 1 as
shown in Figure 1.4.

A central angle of the unit

circle that intercepts an arc s
of the circle with length 1 unit
is said to have a measure of
one radian, written 1 rad. See
Figure 2.5.

Since the circumference of a circle is 2𝜋𝑟 units, it follows that a central angle
of one full revolution (counterclockwise) corresponds to an arc length of 𝑠 =
2𝜋𝑟. Moreover, the radian measure of an angle of one full revolution in a unit
circle is 2𝜋 and we obtain the following:
1 2𝜋
𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
2 2

1 2𝜋 𝜋
𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
4 4 2

1 2𝜋 𝜋
𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
6 6 3
The location of the terminal sides of angles in standard position measured in
radians are shown in Figure 1.6.

Example: In Figure 1.7, identify the terminal side of an angle in standard

position with the given figure.

1. Degree Measure: 60°, 135°, -90°, 225°

3𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
2. Radian Measure: 𝑟𝑎𝑑, 𝑟𝑎𝑑, − 𝑟𝑎𝑑, − 𝑟𝑎𝑑
4 3 4 2

Solution:

1. Degree Measure: 60°: OB, 135°: OC, -90°: OE, 225°: OD

3𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
2. Radian Measure: 𝑟𝑎𝑑: OC, 𝑟𝑎𝑑: OB, − 𝑟𝑎𝑑: OD, − 𝑟𝑎𝑑: OE
4 3 4 2
 ACTIVITIES

I. Express the given angle in degrees, minutes and seconds for

number 1 and in degrees alone for number 2.

1. 25.625°
2. 32° 22’ 44.4”

II. Sketch the following angles measured in degrees in standard

position.

1. 30° 2. 130° 3. -36° 4. -135°

III. Determine the quadrant in which each angle lies.

𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
1. 2. − 3. − 4.
3 3 6 3

WRAP–UP

Answer the following questions:

1. How did angles form? When do we say that an angle has a positive or
negative measurement given the direction of the rotation of its
terminal side?
2. What are the two ways of measuring angles? How are they related?
3. What do one degree and one radian mean?
4. How can we locate the quadrants of the points in radian measures?

VALUING
An Angle is formed by rotating its terminal side and locating it. The
measurement of this angle depends on what direction is its terminal side
rotates: positive if counterclockwise rotation and negative if clockwise
rotation. The full revolution of the terminal side of an angle determines a
circle.
We are also moving in circles in different ways. One is that, we are part of a
certain community or group. As a point in that circle, we have our terminal
point that identifies our location or position.
1. What is the terminal point that you fill in, for example, in your family,
in class, or in your circle of friends? How do you think they see you as
a point in their circle?
2. How do you feel about being a member of a circle?
3. How important is every point in a circle and its location?

POSTTEST

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which is the following is determined by rotating a ray about its

endpoint?
A. Unit Circle C. Degree Measure
B. Angle D. Radian Measure
2. It is the measure of a central angle that intercepts an arc equal to the
radius of the circle.
A. One Angle C. One Radian
B. One Degree D. One Revolution
1
3. The angle measure that is equivalent to a rotation of of a complete
360
revolution about an angle’s vertex is ______.
A. One Angle C. One Radian
B. One Degree D. One Revolution
4. The following are equal to one complete revolution, except
A. 360° C. 2𝜋 rad.
B. 𝜋 rad. D. None of these
𝜋
5. The angles that measure between 0 and are located in _____.
2
A. Quadrant I C. Quadrant III
B. Quadrant II D. Quadrant IV

II. Draw an angle with the given measure in standard position.

 11𝜋 4𝜋
1. 280° 2. −120° 3. − 4. −
6 3

III. State what quadrant in which the terminal side of each angle lies.
7𝜋
1. −109° 2. −
6

KEY TO CORRECTION

REFERENCES

Books:
1. Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (2016).
PRECALCULUS LEARNER’S MATERIAL.
2. Larson, Ron (2012). TRIGONOMETRY. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.,
1st Philippine reprint 2012, Ortigas, Pasig City
3. Pelias, JG P (2016). PRE-CALCULUS. Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI).
Sampaloc, Manila