SENIOR

Basic Calculus HIGH

SCHOOL

Antiderivatives of Module

Trigonometric Functions 4
Quarter 4
Basic Calculus
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Antiderivatives of Trigonometric Functions
First Edition, 2020

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 Basic SENIOR
HIGH

Calculus
SCHOOL

Module

4
Quarter 4
Antiderivatives of
Trigonometric Functions
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Basic Calculus for Senior High School Module on Antiderivatives
Trigonometric Functions !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Basic Calculus Module on Antiderivatives of Trigonometric

Functions !

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module. Ito po ang parts ng module
 EXPECTATION
Lesson: Antiderivatives of Trigonometric Functions

Learning Objective:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. compute the general antiderivative of trigonometric functions.

PRETEST

Matching Type. Match the functions in Column A with their corresponding

antiderivatives in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 a. tan 𝑥 + 𝐶

2. ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 b. − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶

3. ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 c. − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶

4. ∫ csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 d. sec 𝑥 + 𝐶

5. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 e. sin 𝑥 + 𝐶

RECAP

Let us recall the following differentiation formulas of the different

trigonometric functions:
a. 𝐷𝑥 (sin 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 d. 𝐷𝑥 (sec 𝑥) = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥

b. 𝐷𝑥 (cos 𝑥) = −sin 𝑥 e. 𝐷𝑥 (cot 𝑥) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥

c. 𝐷𝑥 (tan 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥 f. 𝐷𝑥 (csc 𝑥) = −cot 𝑥 csc 𝑥

 LESSON

In our previous lesson, we discussed how to differentiate the trigonometric

functions. We all know that the process of finding the antiderivatives of
functions is the inverse of such a process. So, we will find the antiderivatives
of trigonometric functions.
Here are the formulas for the antiderivatives of trigonometric functions.
Theorem 4. Antiderivatives of Trigonometric Functions
a. ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 d. ∫ csc2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cot 𝑥 + 𝐶

b. ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 e. ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶

c. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝐶 f. ∫ csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶

We will use the given theorem on antiderivatives of trigonometric functions

in the following examples.
Example 1. Evaluate ∫ (cos x + sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
Solution: ∫ (cos x + sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= sin 𝑥 + (− cos 𝑥) + 𝐶
= sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
Therefore, ∫ (cos x + sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶

Example 2. Evaluate ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Since 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝑥 − 1, we have

∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
= tan 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
Therefore, ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
 sin 𝑥
Example 3. Evaluate ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 1
Since = tan 𝑥 and = sec 𝑥, we have
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥 1
∫ cos 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶

sin 𝑥
Therefore, ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶

ACTIVITIES

Evaluate the following integrals:

1. ∫ (cos x − sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

2. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3. ∫ (sin 𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

cos 𝑥
4. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

WRAP–UP

Always remember the Antiderivatives of Trigonometric Functions.

a. ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 d. ∫ csc2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cot 𝑥 + 𝐶

b. ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 e. ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶

 c. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝐶 f. ∫ csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶

VALUING

We already know how to integrate the trigonometric functions by applying the given
Theorem on Antiderivatives of Trigonometric Functions.

According to John Bevere,

“Spiritual growth is neither a function of time or learning, but it is a function
of obedience”.

POSTTEST

Evaluate the following integrals:

1. ∫(cos 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

2. ∫(tan 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

3. ∫(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
4. ∫ cos 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

5. ∫(2 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

 KEY TO CORRECTION

4. − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶 − cot 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶 2.
𝑥
+𝐶 3. − cos 𝑥 + 1. sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥2

ACTIVITY

5. A 4. B 3. C 2. D 1. E

Pretest:

REFERENCES
BOOK

Cuaresma, Genaro A. et al. 2004. Analytic Geometry and Calculus 1: A

Worktext for Math 26. Los Baños, Laguna: Institute of Mathematical
Sciences and Physics, University of the Philippines.
Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. 2016. Basic
Calculus Learner's Material.

Leithold, Louis. 1989. College Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison Wesley

Longman Inc., reprinted by Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2002.