Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Pre-Calculus

Quarter 1 Week 4 Module 4

Learning Competency:1. Define hyperbola.

2. Graph the hyperbola given in vertex form.

1
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other
tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple
instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every

page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the
lessons. Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and
keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that
you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking
and other competencies. This can be done with or without a partner
depending on the nature of the activity.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of
the lessons.
 Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.

2
 EXPECTATIONS
Lesson 4  Define hyperbola
 Graph the hyperbola`+
given an equation in vertex
form.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. Give the center of hyperbola represented by the equation − =1
9 25
a. (0, 9) b. (0, 0) c. (25, 0) d. (9, 25)

2. The equation of a hyperbola that is centered at (3, -1).

a. 9(𝑥 + 3)2 − 16(𝑦 + 1)2 = 144 c. (𝑥 − 3)2 − (𝑦 + 1)2 = 144
b. 9(𝑥 + 3) − 16(𝑦 − 1) = 144
2 2
d. 9(𝑥 − 3)2 − 16(𝑦 − 1)2 = 144

3. Rewrite the equation of the hyperbola 9𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 81 in the standard form.

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
a. − =1 b. − =9 c. − =1 d. − =1
9 81 81 9 3 9 9 3

4. The graph of the hyperbola given by the equation 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 1.

a. c.

b. d.

5. Give the coordinates of the vertices of the fundamental rectangle of the

(𝑥−4)2 𝑦2
hyperbola − = 1.
25 9
a. (3, 1), (3, −1), (−1, −1), (1, −1) c. (9, 9), (9, −9), (−1, −9), (1, −9)
b. (9, 3), (9, −3), (−1, 3), (−1, −3) d. (9, 1), (9, −1), (−1, −3), (1, −3)

6. Give the coordinates of the vertices of hyperbola represented by the

𝑥2 (𝑦+1)2
equation − =1
9 25
a. (−2, −1), (2, −1) c. (−3, −1), (3, −1)

3
b. (−1, −3), (1, 3) d. (−5, −1), (5, −1)

7. Give the coordinates of the foci of the hyperbola represented by the

𝑥2 𝑦2
equation − =1
64 36
a. (0, 0), (1, −1) c. (−8, 0), (8, 0)
b. (−6, 0), (6, 0) d. (−10, 0), (10, 0)

8. The length of the conjugate axis of the hyperbola given by the equation
(𝑥−6)2 (𝑦−1)2
− =1
144 100
a. 12 units b. 20 units c. 24 units d. 100 units

(𝑥+1)2 𝑦2
9. The opening of the branches of the hyperbola − =1
34 49
a. upward and to the right c. left and right
b. downward and to the left d. upward and downward

10. The equation of the hyperbola given by the graph below.

𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥−1)2 𝑦2
a. − =1 c. − =1
16 9 16 9
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 (𝑦−1)2
b. − =1 d. − =1
9 16 16 9

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

We will define and graph another one of the conics. It is the hyperbola.
Hyperbola is one among favorites geometric figures used as a structural
design in buildings, roads, bridges etc.
This module will help you learn and discover interesting parts of the
graph of a hyperbola. You will be able to sketch the graph using easy steps.
Goodluck and enjoy the module.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

DEFINITION OF A CIRCLE

4
 A circle consists of all points on the plane equidistant from a selected
point called the center. The distance from the center to any point on the circle
is constant and is called the radius of the circle.
Vertex Form of The Equation of a Circle
Equation of the circle with vertex at the origin and radius r is
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

The vertex form for the equation of a circle with center (h, k) and radius r is
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

DEFINITION OF A PARABOLA
A parabola is the set of all points in the plane equidistant from a fixed
point F and a fixed line l not containing F.

Equation of a Parabola with Vertex at ( 𝟎, 𝟎 )

Focus Equation Parabolas Directrix Axis of
opens Symmetry
(𝑎, 0) 𝑦 2 = 4ax to the right x = −a y=0
(−𝑎, 0) 𝑦 2 = −4ax to the left x=a y=0
(0, 𝑎) 2
𝑥 = 4ay Upward y = −a x=0
(0, −𝑎) 2
𝑥 = −4ay Downward y=a x=0

Equation of a Parabola with Vertex at (𝒉, 𝒌 )

Parabola opens Equation Focus Directrix
Upward (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 4a(𝑦 − 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑎) y=k−a
Downward (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = −4a(𝑦 − 𝑘) (ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑎) y=k+a
to the right 2
(𝑦 − ℎ) = 4a(𝑥 − 𝑘) (ℎ + 𝑎, 𝑘) x=h−a
to the left (𝑦 − ℎ)2 = −4a(𝑥 − 𝑘) (ℎ − 𝑎, 𝑘) x=h+a

DEFINITION OF AN ELLIPSE
An ellipse is determined by a constant and two fixed points, each called
a focus point. The constant must be greater than the distance between the two
foci. The ellipse determined by the two foci and the given constant is the set
of points (𝑥, 𝑦) in the plane such that the sum of the distances from (𝑥, 𝑦) to
the foci is equal to the constant.

Vertex Form of the Equation of an Ellipse

Center Major Axis Equation
(0, 0) Horizontal 𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2
(0, 0) Vertical 𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
𝑏 2 𝑎2
(ℎ, 𝑘) Horizontal (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
+ =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
(ℎ, 𝑘) Vertical (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
+ =1
𝑏2 𝑎2

5
LESSON 4 – HYPERBOLA

A hyperbola, like an ellipse, is determined by a constant and two fixed

points, each called a focus point. However, instead of the sum of two distances
being a constant, as with an ellipse, in the case of the hyperbola, the difference
between two distances is constant.
More specifically, the hyperbola determined by a pair of foci and a given
constant is the set of points (𝑥, 𝑦) in the plane such that the absolute value
of the difference between the distances from (𝑥, 𝑦) to the foci is equal to the
constant.

ACTIVITY 1 I AM DIFFERENT
Description: This activity will enable you to identify whether the equation is
a circle, ellipse or parabola.
Direction: Group together equations of circle, ellipse or parabola.

𝑥 2 + y2 = 7 2𝑥 2 +8𝑦 2 = 72 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 16 = 9
𝑦2 𝑥2 x2 y2 𝑥2 𝑦2
− =1 + =1 − =1
121 9 25 81 25 9
𝑥 = (𝑦 + 4)2 − 7 (𝑥 + 9)2 + y 2 = 4 𝑥 = − (𝑦 − 1)2 + 3
1.
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥 + 8)2 (𝑦 + 4)2 (𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 + 4)2
+ =1 − =1 + =1
4 64 16 36 1 16
4𝑦 2 − x 2 = 144 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 11x + 30 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 9)2 − 1
(x + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 25

Circles Ellipse Parabola Neither of the

three

Questions:
1. What difficulties did you encounter while answering the activity?
2. How did you identify the equation of a circle, ellipse and
parabola?
3. How are the equations under the
6 column “Neither of the three”
different from the others?
4. What insights did you learn about the equations of the conics?
EXAMPLE 1
Consider a hyperbola
(figure 1.1) whose foci are
given by the points 𝐹1 (−3, 0)
and 𝐹2 (3, 0) and a
difference|𝑃𝐹1 − 𝑃𝐹2 | = 5. Use
the distance formula to
determine the equation of the
hyperbola.
|𝑃𝐹1 − 𝑃𝐹2 | = 5
𝑃𝐹1 − 𝑃𝐹2 = ±5
Figure 1.1

Solving for 𝑃𝐹1 − 𝑃𝐹2 = 5, we have

√(𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 − √(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 5
√(𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 5 + √(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2
(𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 + 10√(𝑥 − 3)3 + 𝑦 2 + (𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 = 25 + 10√(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2
12𝑥 = 25 + 10√(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2
12𝑥 − 25 = 10√(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2
144𝑥 2 − 600𝑥 + 625 = 100(𝑥 − 3)2 + 10𝑦 2
144𝑥 2 − 600𝑥 + 625 = 100(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9) + 10𝑦 2
144𝑥 2 − 600𝑥 + 625 = 100𝑥 2 − 600𝑥 + 900 + 100𝑦 2
44𝑥 2 − 100𝑦 2 = 275
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
− =𝟏
𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓

Solving for 𝑃𝐹1 − 𝑃𝐹2 = −5, we have

√(𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 − √(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = −5
√(𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = −5 + √(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2
(𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 − 10√(𝑥 − 3)3 + 𝑦 2 + (𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 = 25 − 10√(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2
12𝑥 = 25 − 10√(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2
12𝑥 − 25 = −10√(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2
144𝑥 2 − 600𝑥 + 625 = 100(𝑥 − 3)2 + 10𝑦 2
144𝑥 2 − 600𝑥 + 625 = 100(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9) + 10𝑦 2
144𝑥 2 − 600𝑥 + 625 = 100𝑥 2 − 600𝑥 + 900 + 100𝑦 2
44𝑥 2 − 100𝑦 2 = 275
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
− =𝟏
𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓

7
 Take note that we arrived at the same equation in both computations.
The equation above gives the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola
centered at the origin.
Using the distance formula and the fact that the difference of the
distances from each point to the foci is constant, it can be shown that an
equation for a hyperbola centered at the origin fits one of the following
standard forms.

REMEMBER
Standard Form of the Equation of a Hyperbola
Center Transverse axis Equation

(0, 0) Horizontal 𝑥2 𝑦2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2
(0, 0) Vertical 𝑦2 𝑥2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2
(ℎ, 𝑘) Horizontal (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
(ℎ, 𝑘) Vertical (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2

Parts of a Hyperbola
The parabola has two branches. The two branches can open either right
or left or up and down, depending on whether the foci are on the horizontal
or vertical axis. Each branch of the hyperbola has a vertex and the center of
the hyperbola is the midpoint of the line segment joining the vertices.

8
 𝑥2 𝑦2
The figure above shows a graph of a hyperbola with the equation − = 1.
𝑎2 𝑏2

𝑦2 𝑥2
The figure above shows a graph of a hyperbola with the equation 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 = 1.
Observe from these forms that the location of a hyperbola’s vertices is
determined by which coefficient is positive.

Using the graph above, the line through the foci is called the principal
axis. In this module, we only consider vertical or horizontal axis. The two
points of the hyperbola that lie on the principal axis are called the vertices
and the segment joining them is called the transverse axis. The midpoint of
the transverse axis is called the center of the hyperbola. The center is a unit
away from a vertex and c unit away from a focus. The segment perpendicular
to the transverse axis and joining points b units from the center is called the
conjugate axis. The conjugate axis is 2𝑏 long.
The variables 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are all positive and are related according to the
equation 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 . Take note that it is possible that 𝑎 > 𝑏 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 < 𝑏, that is,
the conjugate axis may be shorter or longer than the transverse axis.

9
EXAMPLE 2
Find the coordinates of the center, vertices, foci of the equation
𝑥2 𝑦2
2
− = 1 and describe the graph of the hyperbola.
5 72

SOLUTION
𝑥2 𝑦2
From the equation of 52 − 72 = 1, the center of the hyperbola is (0, 0).
Since 𝑎2 = 52 and 𝑏 2 = 72 we have 𝑎 = 5 and 𝑏 = 7. The bigger denominator is
below the term containing y, this means that the conjugate axis is longer than
the transverse axis. The center is a unit from a vertex, we have
𝑉1 (−5, 0) and 𝑉2 (5, 0) . We use the equation 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 to compute for 𝑐, we
have, 𝑐 = √52 + 72 = √25 + 49 = √74. Since the center is c units away from a
focus, we have, 𝐹1 (−√74, 0)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 (√74, 0) . The branches of the hyperbola open
to the left and right.

EXERCISES 1
Find the coordinates of the center, vertices, foci of the equation and
describe the graph of the hyperbola.
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. 2 − 2 = 1
6 4
𝑦2 𝑦2
2. − =1
49 100
𝑥2 𝑦2
3. − =1
5 7

EXAMPLE 3
Find the coordinates of the center, vertices, foci of the equation
(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−3)2
− = 1 and describe the graph of the hyperbola.
16 25

SOLUTION
(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−3)2
From the equation of − 25 = 1, the center of the hyperbola is
16
(3, −2). Since 𝑎 = 16 and 𝑏 = 25, we have 𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = 5. The bigger
2 2

denominator is below the term containing x, this means that conjugate axis
is longer than the transverse axis. The center is a units from a vertex, we have
𝑉1 (3, 2)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉2 (3, −6) . We use the equation 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 to compute for 𝑐, we
have, 𝑐 = √16 + 25 = √41. Since the center is c units away from a focus, we
have, 𝐹1 (3, −2 + √41)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 (3, −2 − √41) . The branches of the hyperbola open
upward and downward.

10
 EXERCISES 2
Find the coordinates of the center, vertices, foci of the given equation and
describe the graph of the hyperbola.
(𝑦−1)2 𝑥2
1. − = 1,
52 82
(𝑥+2)2 (𝑥+5)2
2. − = 1,
12 30
(𝑦+8)2 (𝑥−3)2
3. − =1
121 9

General Form of the Equation of a Hyperbola

If we expand the squares of the binomials in the standard form and
combine similar terms, we arrive at the general form of the equation of
hyperbola as

REMEMBER
General Form of the Equation of a Hyperbola
𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑩𝒚𝟐 + 𝑪𝒙 + 𝑫𝒚 + 𝑬 = 𝟎,
where 𝐴𝐶 < 0

EXAMPLE 4
Find the coordinates of the center, vertices, foci of the equation 𝑥 2 −
2𝑦 − 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5 = 0 and describe the graph of the hyperbola.
2

SOLUTION
We first express the equation above in the standard form using
completing squares.
(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥) − 2(𝑦 2 + 2𝑦) = −5 Group together the
similar terms.
2 2
(𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 9) − 2(𝑦 + 2𝑦 + 1) = −5 + 9 − 2 Add the correct term to form a
perfect trinomial square
(𝑥 − 3)2 − 2(𝑦 + 1)2 = 2
(𝑥 − 3)2 (𝑦 + 1)2
− =1
2 1
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+1)2
From the equation of − = 1, the center of the hyperbola is
2 1
(3, −1). Since 𝑎2 = 2 and 𝑏 2 = 1, we have 𝑎 = √2 and 𝑏 = 1. The bigger
denominator is below term containing x, this means that transverse axis is
longer than the conjugate axis. The center is a units from a vertex, we have
𝑉1 (3 + √2, −1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉2 (3 − √2, −1) . We use the equation 𝑐 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 , we have,
𝑐 = √2 + 1 = √3. Since the center is c units away from a focus, we have,
𝐹1 (3 + √3, −1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 (3 − √3, −1) . The branches of the hyperbola open to the
right and left.

11
Sketching the Graph of a Hyperbola
There are two lines through the center of a hyperbola, called asymptotes
these are key to sketching a hyperbola by hand. As you move away from the
origin, the asymptotes of a hyperbola are the two lines to which the hyperbola
gets closer and closer. They are the diagonals of a rectangle that we call the
fundamental rectangle of the hyperbola, described as follows.

REMEMBER
Fundamental Rectangle of a Hyperbola Centered at the Origin
The fundamental rectangle of the hyperbola that is the graph of
𝑥2 𝑦2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2
Is the rectangle whose vertices are (𝑎, 𝑏), (−𝑎, 𝑏), (−𝑎, −𝑏) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑎, −𝑏).
The asymptotes of this hyperbola contain the diagonals of the rectangle
and have equations
𝑏 𝑏
𝑦= 𝑥 and 𝑦=− 𝑥
𝑎 𝑎

The figure below shows the fundamental rectangle of a hyperbola.

EXAMPLE 5
Find the asymptotes of the hyperbola determined by the graph of
𝑥2 𝑦2
− = 1 and sketch the graph.
4 16

SOLUTION
The given equation is in standard form, with 𝑏 2 = 16 and 𝑎2 = 4. The
asymptotes are given by the following equations:
𝑏 𝑏
𝑦= 𝑥 and 𝑦=− 𝑥 Substitute a and b.
𝑎 𝑎

4 4
We have 𝑦 = 𝑥 = 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = − 𝑥 = −2𝑥.
2 2

12
 Since the equation is in the standard form, the hyperbola is centered
at (0, 0). The coefficient of 𝑥 2 is positive, making the branches of the
hyperbola to open to the right and left. Since 𝑎2 = 4, 𝑎 = 2, we get (2,0) and
(−2,0) as the vertices of the hyperbola and 𝑦 = 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = −2𝑥 are the
equations of the asymptotes.
The figure shows the graph of the hyperbola with the fundamental rectangle
and asymptotes.

The figure shows the hyperbola itself.

EXAMPLE 6
𝑦2 𝑥2
Sketch a graph of the equation − =1
9 25

SOLUTION
This equation is written in standard form and we see that the hyperbola
centered at the origin. Because the coefficient of 𝑦 2 is positive, the hyperbola
opens up and down. Since, 𝑎2 = 9, 𝑎 = 3, we get (0, 3) and (0, −3) as the

13
 3 3
vertices of the hyperbola. We also get 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = − 𝑥 as the equations of
5 5
the asymptotes.
Plot the following corners of the fundamental rectangles:
(5, 3), (−5, 3), (−5, −3)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (5, −3) to arrive at the figure below.

The figure shows the hyperbola itself.

REMEMBER
The Vertex Form of a Hyperbola

The standard form for an equation of a hyperbola with the center

at (ℎ, 𝑘) is one of the following:
(𝒙−𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙−𝒉)𝟐
− =𝟏 or − =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐
The asymptotes are the lines through the center with slopes
𝒃 𝒃
𝒎= and 𝒎 = −
𝒂 𝒂

14
 EXERCISES 3
Sketch the graph of each equation below.
(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦+5)2
1. − =1
42 32
(𝑦−2)2 (𝑥−7)2
2. − =1
100 60
(𝑦+6)2 (𝑥+1)2
3. − =1
24 81

EXAMPLE 7
Rewrite the given equation in the standard form of a hyperbola and
locate the center and the vertices.
9(𝑥 − 3)2 − 16(𝑦 + 1)2 = 144

SOLUTION
Change the equation to standard form.
9(𝑥 − 3)2 − 16(𝑦 + 1)2 = 144 Divide each side by 144.
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+1)2
− =1
16 9
From this standard form, we see that the center of the hyperbola is (3, −1),
𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 3. Because the 𝑥 2 -term is positive, the vertices are located at
(−1, −1) and (7, −1).

EXAMPLE 8
(𝑥+5)2 (𝑦+2)2
Sketch a graph of the equation − = 1 and give the
4 9
equations of the asymptote.

SOLUTION
(𝑥−(−5))2 (𝑦−(−2))2
The standard form of the equation is − =1
4 9

From this form, we see that the center of the

hyperbola is (−5, −2), 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 3. . The
upper right vertex of the fundamental
rectangle is 2 units right and 3 units up
from this center. The four corners of the
fundamental rectangle are
(−7, 1), (−7, −5), (−3, 1) and (−3, −5). The
vertices are (−7, −2) and (−3, −2). The
3 3
slopes of the asymptotes are 2 and − 2, and
the equations are 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −19 and
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −11.

15
The figure shows the graph of the hyperbola with the fundamental rectangle
and asymptotes.

Activity 2 GIVE MY DIMENSIONS

Direction: Give the dimensions of the fundamental rectangle of each
hyperbola (vertical length X horizontal length).

𝑦2 𝑥2 ___ x ___
2. − =1
4 81

(𝑦−8)2 𝑥2 ___ x ___

3. − =1
24 9

(𝑥+5)2 (𝑦−10)2 ___ x ___

4. − =1
121 36

𝑥2 (𝑦+7)2 ___ x ___

5. − =1
8 100

(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦+3)2 ___ x ___

6. − =1
1 64

(𝑥−2)2 (𝑦−4)2 ___ x ___

7. − =1
25 4

QUESTIONS:
1. How did you compute the dimensions of each fundamental rectangle?
2. What pattern do you see in computing for the length of the sides of
the rectangle?

16
EXAMPLE 9
Graph the equation 9𝑦 2 + 36𝑦 − 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 54.

SOLUTION
Rewrite the equation by completing the square and changing to standard
from.
9𝑦 2 + 36𝑦 − 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 54 Group like terms.
9(𝑦 2 + 4𝑦+ ) − (𝑥 2 − 6𝑥+ ) = 54 Complete the square.
2 2
9(𝑦 + 4𝑦 + 4) − (𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 9) = 54 + 36 − 9 Factor.
9(𝑦 + 2)2 − (𝑥 − 3)2 = 81 Eliminate the x-term
from the left side.
(𝑦−(−2))2 (𝑥−3)2
− =1 Change into the
9 81
standard form.

From this form, we see that the center of the hyperbola is (3, −2). The
vertices are (3, 1) and (3, −5). The upper right vertex of the fundamental
rectangle is 9 units right and 3 units up from this center. The four corners
of the fundamental rectangle are (−6, 1), (−6, −5), (12, 1) and (12, −5).
The figure shows the graph of the hyperbola with the fundamental rectangle
and asymptotes.

The figure shows the hyperbola itself.

17
 CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

I. Find the center and the vertices of the graph of the equation.
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑦+1)2 (𝑥−1)2
1. − =1 5. − =1
9 25 81 64
𝑦2 𝑥2 (𝑥+8)2 (𝑦−2)2
2. − =1 6. − =1
16 36 36 121
(𝑥+5)2 (𝑥+2)2 (𝑦+2)2
3. − 𝑦2 = 1 7. − =1
4 36 121
𝑦2 (𝑦−2)2 (𝑥+1)2
4. − 𝑥2 = 1 8. − =1
25 64 9

II. State whether the graph of the equation opens right and left or up and
down. Also find the vertices of the fundamental rectangle and the equations
of the asymptotes.
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥+1)2 (𝑦−3)2
9. − =1 13. − =1
16 16 4 9
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥+1)2
10. − =1 14. (𝑦 − 4)2 − =1
4 49 4
𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑥2
11. − 𝑥2 = 1 15. − =1
25 16 36
(𝑦−4)2 (𝑥+1)2
12. − =1
64 4

III. Change the equation to standard form. Then find the vertices, the
corners of the fundamental rectangle and the equations of the asymptote.
16. 9𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 81
17. 25𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 25
18. 4𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 144
19. 9𝑥 2 − 36𝑦 2 = 36

IV. Determine the equations of the asymptotes, vertices of the

fundamental rectangle and sketch the graph of the hyperbola.
𝑥2 𝑦2
20. − =1
16 4
𝑦2 𝑥2
21. − =1
4 81
(𝑥+4)2 𝑦2
22. − =1
16 9
(𝑦+1)2 (𝑥−2)2
23. − =1
81 4

18
 POST-ASSESSMENT

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

𝑥2 𝑦2
1. Give the center of hyperbola represented by the equation − =1
9 25
a. (0, 9) c. (25, 0)
b. (0, 0) d. (9, 25)

2. The equation of a hyperbola that is centered at (3, -1).

a. 9(𝑥 + 3)2 − 16(𝑦 + 1)2 = 144 c. (𝑥 − 3)2 − (𝑦 + 1)2 = 144
b. 9(𝑥 + 3)2 − 16(𝑦 − 1)2 = 144 d. 9(𝑥 − 3)2 − 16(𝑦 − 1)2 = 144

3. Rewrite the equation of the hyperbola 9𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 81 in the standard form.

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
a. − 81 = 1 c. − =1
9 3 9
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
b. − =9 d. − =1
81 9 9 3

4. The graph of the hyperbola given by the equation 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 1.

a. c.

b. d.

5. Give the coordinates of the vertices of the fundamental rectangle of the

(𝑥−4)2 𝑦2
hyperbola − = 1.
25 9
a. (3, 1), (3, −1), (−1, −1), (1, −1) c. (9, 9), (9, −9), (−1, −9), (1, −9)
b. (9, 3), (9, −3), (−1, 3), (−1, −3) d. (9, 1), (9, −1), (−1, −3), (1, −3)

6. Give the coordinates of the vertices of hyperbola represented by the

𝑥2 (𝑦+1)2
equation − =1
9 25
a. (−2, −1), (2, −1) c. (−3, −1), (3, −1)
b. (−1, −3), (1, 3) d. (−5, −1), (5, −1)

19
7. Give the coordinates of the foci of the hyperbola represented by the
𝑥2 𝑦2
equation − =1
64 36
a. (0, 0), (1, −1) c. (−8, 0), (8, 0)
b. (−6, 0), (6, 0) d. (−10, 0), (10, 0)

8. The length of the conjugate axis of the hyperbola given by the equation
(𝑥−6)2 (𝑦−1)2
− =1
144 100
a. 12 units c. 24 units
b. 20 units d. 100 units

(𝑥+1)2 𝑦2
9. The opening of the branches of the hyperbola − =1
34 49
a. upward and to the right c. left and right
b. downward and to the left d. upward and downward

10. The equation of the hyperbola given by the graph below.

𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥−1)2 𝑦2
a. − =1 c. − =1
16 9 16 9
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 (𝑦−1)2
b. − =1 d. − =1
9 16 16 9

20
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name: __________________________________________________

Direction: Write a reflective learning on Lesson 4 by answering each given

question. Goodluck!

21
 WORKSHEET 1

Name: ____________________________________________________________________
Year and Track:______________________ Date: _______________________________

Find the center and the vertices of the graph of the equation.
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. − =1
9 25
𝑦2 𝑥2
2. − =1
16 36
(𝑥+5)2
3. − 𝑦2 = 1
4
𝑦2
4. − 𝑥2 = 1
25
(𝑦+1)2 (𝑥−1)2
5. − =1
81 64
(𝑥+8)2 (𝑦−2)2
6. − =1
36 121
(𝑥+2)2 (𝑦+2)2
7. − =1
36 121
(𝑦−2)2 (𝑥+1)2
8. − =1
64 9

22
 WORKSHEET 2

Name: ____________________________________________________________________
Year and Track:______________________ Date: _______________________________

I. State whether the graph of the equation opens right and left or up and
down. Also find the vertices of the fundamental rectangle and the
equations of the asymptotes.

𝑥2 𝑦2
1. − =1
16 16
𝑥2 𝑦2
2. − =1
4 49
𝑦2
3. − 𝑥2 = 1
25
(𝑦−4)2 (𝑥+1)2
4. − =1
64 4
(𝑥+1)2 (𝑦−3)2
5. − =1
4 9
(𝑥+1)2
6. (𝑦 − 4) − 2
=1
4
𝑦2 𝑥2
7. − =1
16 36

II. Change the equation to standard form. Then find the vertices, the
corners of the fundamental rectangle and the equations of the asymptote.

8. 9𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 81
9. 25𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 25
10. 4𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 144
11. 9𝑥 2 − 36𝑦 2 = 36

23
 WORKSHEET 3

Name: ____________________________________________________________________
Year and Track:______________________ Date: _______________________________

Determine the equations of the asymptotes, vertices of the fundamental

rectangle and sketch the graph of the hyperbola.
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. − = 1
16 4

𝑦2 𝑥2
2. − =1
4 81

(𝑥+4)2 𝑦2
3. − =1
16 9

(𝑦+1)2 (𝑥−2)2
4. − =1
81 4

24
 ANSWER KEY

LESSON 4 HYPERBOLA
Pretest
1. b 6. c
2. c 7. d
3. a 8. b
4. a 9. c
5. b 10. a

Activity 1
Circles Parabola
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 7 𝑥 = −(𝑦 − 1)2 + 3
(𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 25 𝑥 = (𝑦 + 4)2 − 7
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 16 = 9 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 9)2 − 1
(𝑥 + 9)2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 30
Ellipse Neither of the three
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑥2
+ =1 − =1
25 81 121 9
2𝑥 2 + 8𝑦 2 = 72 4𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 144
(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 + 4)2 𝑥2 𝑦2
− =1 − =1
1 16 25 9
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥 + 8)2 (𝑦 + 4)2
+ =1 − =1
4 64 16 36

Exercises 1
Center Vertices Foci Branches of the
Graph
1. (0, 0) (-6, 0), (6, 0) (-7.21, 0), (7.21, 0) Left and right
2. (0, 0) (0, 7), (0, -7) (-12.21, 0), (0, 12.21) Upward and
downward
3. (0, 0) (-2.24, 0), (2.24, 0) (-3.46, 0), (3.46, 0) Left and right

Exercises 2
Center Vertices Foci Branches of
the Graph
1. (0, 1) (0, 6), (0, -4) (0, 1+√12), (0, 1-√12) Upward and
downward
2. (-2, -5) (-2+√12, -5), (-2+√42, -5), (-2-√42, -5) Left and right
(-2-√12, -5)
3. (3, -8) (3, 3), (3, -19) (3, -8+√130,), (3, -8-√130) Upward and
downward

25
Exercises 3

1. 3.

2.

Activity 2
1. (2 𝑋 9)𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2. (√24 𝑋 3)𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3. (11 𝑋 6)𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
4. (√8 𝑋 10)𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
5. (1 𝑋 8)𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
6. (5 𝑋 2)𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Worksheet 1
1. 𝐶(0, 0), 𝑉1 (−3, 0), 𝑉2 (3, 0)
2. 𝐶(0, 0), 𝑉1 (0, 4), 𝑉2 (0, −4)
3. 𝐶(−5, 0), 𝑉1 (−7, 0), 𝑉2 (−3, 0)
4. 𝐶(0, 0), 𝑉1 (0, 5), 𝑉2 (0, −5)
5. 𝐶(1, −1), 𝑉1 (2, 8), 𝑉2 (2, −10)
6. 𝐶(−8, 2), 𝑉1 (−14, 2), 𝑉2 (−2, 2)
7. 𝐶(−2, −2), 𝑉1 (−8, −2), 𝑉2 (4, −2)
8. 𝐶(−1, 2), 𝑉1 (−1, 10), 𝑉2 (−1, −6)

Worksheet 2
1. 𝐶(0, 0), 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒; (4, 4), (4, −4),
(−4, −4), (−4, 4)
2. 𝐶(0, 0), 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒; (2, 7), (−2, 7),
(−2, −7), (2, −7)
3. 𝐶(0, 0), 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒; (2, 5), (−2, 5),
(−2, −5), (2, −5)
4.𝐶(−1, 4), 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒; (1, 12),
(−3, 12), (−3, −4), (1, −4)
5. 𝐶(−1, 3), 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒; (1, 6), (−3, 6),
(−3, 0), (1, 0)
6. 𝐶(−1, 4), 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒; (1, 5), (−3, 5),

26
(−3, 3), (1, 3)
7. 𝐶(0, 0), 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒; (6, 4), (−6, −4),
(−6, 4), (6, −4)
𝑥2 𝑦2
8. 9 − 81 = 1; 𝑉2 (−3, 0), 𝑉2 (3,0),
𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: (3, 9), (−3, 9),
(−3, −9), (3, −9); 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠: 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0, 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
𝑥2 𝑦2
9. 1 − 25 = 1; 𝑉2 (−1, 0), 𝑉2 (1,0),
𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: (1, 5), (−1, 5),
(−1, −5), (1, −5); 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠: 5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0, 5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
𝑦2 𝑥2
10.36 − 144 = 1; 𝑉2 (0, 6), 𝑉2 (0, −6),
𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: (12, 6), (−12, 6),
(−12, −6), (12, −6); 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠: 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0

Worksheet 3

1. 3.

2. 4.
(𝑥−5)2 (𝑦+2)2
5. − =1
4 1

Pos test
1. b 6. c
2. c 7. d
3. a 8. b
4. a 9. c
5. b 10. a

27
 REFERENCES

De las Penas, M. L., et.al. Pre Calculus. Office of Research and Publication,
Ateneo de Manila, 2006
Demana, F. Intermediate Algebra A Graphing Approach. Addison-Wesley
Publishing Co., 1994
Lee, Q. N. Topics in Pre-Calculus. Bookmark, Inc., 1992
Licuanan, P. B. et al. General mathematics. Commission on Higher
Education, 2016
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 109, No. 4, 2012
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 105, No. 5, 2011
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 105, No. 4, 2011
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 104, No. 2, 2010
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 104, No. 3, 2010
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 101, No. 6, 2008
Quimpo, N. F. A Course in Freshman Algebra. Office of Research and
Publication, Ateneo de Manila, 2005
Vance, E. P. Modern Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison-Wesley Publishing
Co., 1984

Acknowledgements

Writer: Irma A. Dellomas MT II, RAJA SOLIMAN SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY HIGH SCHOOL
Editor: John Rainier P. Rizardo, EdD

Reviewer: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math

Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS

Management Team:
Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division Superintendent-Manila,
Aida H. Rondilla-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Lucky S. Carpio-Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
Lady Hannah C Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS

28