Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Pre-Calculus

The Kaybiang Tunnel is the longest elliptical shaped tunnel in the Philippines.
It is a hole pierced under Mt. Pico de Loro, connecting towns of Ternate Cavite
and Nasugbu Batangas. Locals from nearby towns flock to this place to enjoy
the cold weather and beautiful scenery. (My personal shot of the place.)

Quarter 1 Week 3 Module 3

Learning Competency:1. Define ellipse.
2. Graph the ellipse given in vertex form.

1
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other
tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple
instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every

page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the
lessons. Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and
keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that
you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking
and other competencies. This can be done with or without
a partner depending on the nature of the activity.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of
the lessons.
 Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.

2
 EXPECTATIONS

Lesson 3  Define ellipse

 Graph the ellipse given an
equation in vertex form.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The number of vertices of an ellipse.
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4

2. The axis of an ellipse containing the foci is called ________.

a. minor axis c. horizontal axis
b. major axis d. vertical axis

𝑥2 𝑦2
3. The graph of an ellipse that is represented by the equation + 16 = 1.
4

a. c.

b. d.

(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+7)2
4. The coordinates of the center of the ellipse with equation + = 1.
5 12
a. (3, 7) c. (3, −7)
b. (−3, 7) d. (−3, −7)

5. Write the equation in standard form of an ellipse that is centered at (0, 0),
the horizontal major axis has the length 10 and minor axis has length 8.
x2 y2 x2 y2
a.  1 c.  1
8 2 10 2 4 2 52
x2 y2 x2 y2
b. 2  2  1 d. 2  2  1
10 8 5 4

3
 (𝑥+6)2 (𝑦−9)2
6. The length of the major axis of the ellipse with equation + = 1.
16 9
a. 8 units c. 6 units
b. 16 units d. 9 units

𝑥2 𝑦2
7. The coordinates of the foci of the ellipse with equation + = 1.
100 64
a. (0, −6), (0, 6) c. (6, 0), (−6, 0)
b. (0, 6), (0, −6) d. (−6, 0), (6, 0)

8. The coordinates of the co-vertices of the ellipse with equation

(𝑥+4)2 𝑦2
+ = 1.
4 49
a. (6, 0), (2, 0) c. (−6, 0), (−2, 0)
b. (−6, 0), (2, 0) d. (6, 0), (−2, 0)

9. The equation of an ellipse with the graph below.

𝑥2 (𝑦−1)2 𝑥2 𝑦2
a. + =1 c. + 100 = 1
100 9 9
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥−1)2 𝑦2
b. + =1 d. + 10 = 1
10 3 3
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+7)2
10. The graph of an ellipse represented by the equation + = 1.
5 12

a. c.

b. d.

4
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

In this module we will define and discuss another one of the conics. It
is the ellipse. Ellipse is one among geometrical shapes commonly used by
many Filipino architects in designing buildings, bridges etc. In fact, the
famous Kaybiang Tunnel, located in Nusugbu Batangas, is said to be
elliptical in shape. It has a vertical clearance of 4.85 meters and about a
length of 300 meters. This elliptical tunnel is a hole through Mt. Pico de
Loro.
Aside from the impressive artistry that an elliptical figure can bring as
a design, it can also be used to make sounds in the air waves to bounce
back on the wall. The ceiling of Philippine Arena is shaped like an ellipse so
that during events, sounds are confined and heard inside the place with
clarity.
The lessons on ellipse in this module are quite easy and simple. You
will learn how to graph ellipse using simple steps. So, study this module
very well because there are a lot more to discover about this fascinating
conic. Goodluck!

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Definition of a Circle
A circle consists of all points on the plane equidistant from a selected point
called the center. The distance from the center to any point on the circle is
constant and is called the radius of the circle.

Vertex Form of The Equation of a Circle

Equation of the circle with vertex at the origin and radius r is
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2

The vertex form for the equation of a circle with center (h, k) and radius r is
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2

LESSON 3 - Ellipse
An ellipse is determined by a constant and two fixed points, each called
a focus point. The constant must be greater than the distance between the two
foci. The ellipse determined by the two foci and the given constant is the set
of points (𝑥, 𝑦) in the plane such that the sum of the distances from (𝑥, 𝑦) to
the foci is equal to the constant.

5
 ACTIVITY 1 Circle or Not Circle…

Description: This activity will enable you to identify whether the given
equation is an equation of a circle or an ellipse.
Direction: Which of the following equations is a circle? Use GeoGebra to
graph the following equations.
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 = 0
2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 ± 6𝑦 + 17 = 0
3. 16𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 32𝑥 + 72𝑦 + 16 = 0
4. 4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 16𝑥 − 14𝑦 + 61

QUESTIONS:
1. What is the best way of determining whether the given equation is a
circle?
2. Which of the given equations above are circles?
3. Which equations are not circle?
4. How will you describe the graphs of the equations that are not circles?

Standard Equation of an Ellipse

The figure above shows the ellipse determined by 𝐹1 (−3, 0) and 𝐹2 (3, 0)
and constant 10. That is, the sum of the distances from point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) to the
foci is 10, which means that 𝑃𝐹2 + 𝑃𝐹1 = 10.
Using the distance formula, we have
√(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 + √(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 = 10
√(𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 10 − √(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 Square both sides of
the equation.
(𝑥 + 3) + 𝑦 = 100 − 20 √(𝑥 − 3) + 𝑦 + (𝑥 − 3) + 𝑦 Expand the square of
2 2 2 2 2 2

a binomial.
𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 = 100 − 20 √(𝑥 − 3) + 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 Cancel out
2 2 2 2 2

terms.
2 2
6𝑥 = 100 − 20 √(𝑥 − 3) + 𝑦 − 6𝑥

6
12𝑥 − 100 = −20 √(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 Square both sides
of the equation.
144𝑥 2 − 2400𝑥 + 10000 = 400[ (𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 ]
144𝑥 2 − 2400𝑥 + 10000 = 400[ 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 ] Distribute 400.
144𝑥 2 − 2400𝑥 + 10000 = 400 𝑥 2 − 2400𝑥 + 3600 + 400𝑦 2
−256𝑥 2 − 400𝑦 2 = −6400 Divide both sides by
-6400.
x2 y2
 1
25 16

The equation above is presented in the standard form. Point (0, 0) is the
center, (-5,0) and (5,0) are the vertices; and (0,4) and (0, -4) are the co-vertices
of the ellipse. The center is 5 units away from a vertex, and 4 units away from
a co-vertex. The line segments through opposite vertices and co-vertices are
called axes. The major axis is the axis that contains the foci, center and whose
endpoints are vertices of the ellipse.
The length of the major axis is 10
units. The minor axis contains the
center and its endpoints are the co-
vertices of the ellipse. The length of
the minor axis is 8 units. The major
axis is always longer than the
minor axis. Points (−3, 0) and (3, 0)
are the foci of the ellipse. A focus is
3 units away from the center.

In general, the ellipse is given using the figure below:

The line through the foci of an ellipse is called its principal axis. The
principal axis may be horizontal or vertical. Two points on the principal axis
are called vertices and the line segment joining them is called the major axis.
The midpoint of the major axis is called the center of the ellipse. The line
segment through the center, perpendicular to the principal axis and with
endpoints on the ellipse is called the minor axis. The endpoints of the minor

7
axis are called co-vertices. The major axis of an ellipse can either be horizontal
or vertical.

We use a to denote the distance from

the center to a vertex (half the length of the
major axis), b the distance from the center to
a co-vertex (half the length of the minor axis)
and c the focal distance. Take note that 𝑎 > 𝑏,
and variables 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are related according
to the equation 𝑐 = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .
From our definition of an ellipse if we
let 𝑃 be a point on the ellipse and 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 the
foci, then
𝑃𝐹1 + 𝑃𝐹2 = 2𝑎.

REMEMBER
Vertex Form of the Equation of an Ellipse
Center Major Axis Equation
(0, 0) Horizontal 𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2
(0, 0) Vertical 𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
𝑏 2 𝑎2
(ℎ, 𝑘) Horizontal (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
+ =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
(ℎ, 𝑘) Vertical (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
+ =1
𝑏2 𝑎2

EXAMPLE 1
Find the coordinates of the center, vertices, foci and co-vertices.
x2 y2
 1
16 9
SOLUTION
From the standard form of the ellipse, the center is at (0, 0). Since 𝑎2 =
16 and 𝑏 2 = 9, then 𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = 3. The center 𝐶(0, 0) is 4 units away from a
vertex, we get 𝐴1 (−4, 0), and 𝐴2 (4, 0) as the coordinates of the vertices. The co-
vertex is 3 units away from a center, we get 𝐵1 (0, 3) and 𝐵2 (0, − 3) as the
coordinates of the co-vertices. Using the equation 𝑐 = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 , we get 𝑐 =
√16 − 9 = √7, therefore the coordinates of the foci are 𝐹1 (−√7, 0), and 𝐹2 (√7,
0). Take note from the above table that the major axis of the ellipse in this
example is horizontal.

8
 EXERCISES 1
Give the coordinates of the center, vertices, foci and co-vertices.
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. + =1
16 4
𝑥2 𝑦2
2. + =1
5 9
𝑥2 𝑦2
3. + =1
121 25

EXAMPLE 2
Find the coordinates of the center, vertices, foci and co-vertices.
(𝑥+5)2 (𝑦−6)2
+ =1
4 9

SOLUTION
From the standard form of the ellipse the center is at (-5, 6). The bigger
denominator is 9 and it is below 𝑦 2 (the major axis is vertical), we now have
𝑎2 = 9 and 𝑏 2 = 4 (𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = 2). The center 𝐶(−5, 6) is 3 units away from a
vertex, we get 𝐴1 (−5, 9), and 𝐴2 (−5, 3) as the coordinates of the vertices. A co-
vertex is 2 units away from the center, we get 𝐵1 (−7, 6) and 𝐵2 (−3, 6 ) as the
coordinates of the co-vertices. Using the equation 𝑐 = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 , we get 𝑐 =
√9 − 4 = √5. The coordinates of the foci are 𝐹1 (−5, 6 − √5), and 𝐹2 (−5, 6 + √5).
The major axis is vertical.

EXAMPLE 3
Find the equation of an ellipse in standard form given center (5, 4), the
major axis is horizontal and has length16 units and minor axis is 10 units
long.

SOLUTION
(𝑥−5)2 (𝑦−4)2
Substituting (5, 4) in the standard from we get + 𝑏2 = 1. The
𝑎2
length of major axis is, 2𝑎 = 16, and 𝑎 = 8. The length of minor axis is 2𝑏 = 10,
and 𝑏 = 5. Substituting the square of the computed values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 in the
(𝑥−5)2 (𝑦−4)2
standard equation, we have + = 1 as the equation of the ellipse.
64 25

EXERCISES 2
Give the coordinates of the center, vertices, foci and co-vertices.
(𝑥−8)2 (𝑦−1)2
1. + =1
11 4
(𝑥+3)2 𝑦2
2. + =1
36 64
(𝑥+2)2 (𝑦+4)2
3. + =1
4 9

9
General Form of the Equation of an Ellipse

(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦−3)2
Consider the ellipse above whose equation is 16 + 9 = 1
9(𝑥 − 1)2 + 16(𝑦 − 3)2 = 144 Multiply both sides by 144.
9(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1) + 16(𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9) = 144 Expand the squares of the
binomials.
9𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 9 + 16𝑦 2 − 96𝑦 + 144 = 144 Distribute 9 in the expansion
of (𝑥 − 1)2 and16 in
(𝑦 − 3)2.
9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 − 18𝑥 − 96𝑦 + 9 = 0 Combine similar terms.

The General Form of the Equation of an Ellipse

𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0
where 𝐴𝐵 > 0. That is, either or both 𝐴 and 𝐵 are positive or both
negative.

The above equation of the ellipse is presented in the general form.

EXAMPLE 4
Write 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 54𝑥 − 16𝑦 + 61 = 0 in standard form.

SOLUTION
(9𝑥 2 − 54𝑥) + (4𝑦 2 − 16𝑦) = −61 Group together the similar
terms.
9(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥) + 4(𝑦 2 − 4𝑦) = −61 Factor out 9 in all the terms
involving x and factor out 4
in all the terms involving y.
9(𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 9) + 4(𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 4) = −61 + 81 + 16 Use completing the
2 2

square.
2 2
9(𝑥 − 3) + 4(𝑦 − 2) = 36
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−2)2
− =1 Divide both sides by 36.
4 9
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−2)2
− = 1 is the standard form of the equation of an ellipse.
4 9

10
EXAMPLE 5
Find the coordinates of the center, vertices, foci and co-vertices.
16𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 32𝑥 − 16𝑦 − 32 = 0

SOLUTION
Use completing the squares to transform the given equation to
standard form.
(16𝑥 2 − 32𝑥) + (4𝑦 2 − 16𝑦) = 32 Group together similar terms.
2 2
16(𝑥 − 2𝑥) + 4(𝑦 − 4𝑦) = 32 Factor out 16 in the terms
involving x and factor out 4
in all terms involving y.
16(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1) + 4(𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4) = 32 + 16 + 16 Add the correct term to
form a perfect trinomial
square.
2 2
16(𝑥 − 1) + 4(𝑦 − 2) = 64
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−2)2
− =1 Divide both sides by 64.
4 16

From the standard form of the ellipse, the center is (3, 2). The bigger
denominator is 16 and it is below 𝑦 2 (the major axis is vertical), we now have
𝑎2 = 16 and 𝑏 2 = 4 (𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = 2). The center 𝐶(3, 2) is 4 units away from a
vertex, we get 𝐴1 (3, 6), and 𝐴2 (3, −2) as the coordinates of the vertices. A co-
vertex is 2 units away from the center, we get 𝐵1 (1, 2 ) and 𝐵2 (5, 2) as the
coordinates of the co-vertices. Using the equation 𝑐 = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 , we get 𝑐 =
√16 − 4, 𝑐 = √12. The coordinates of the foci are 𝐹1 (3, 2 − √12), and 𝐹2 (3, 2 +
√12).

REMEMBER
Graph of an Ellipse
Equation Major Center Vertices Co- Foci
Axis Vertices
𝑥2 𝑦2 horizontal (0, 0) 𝐴2 (𝑎, 0) 𝐵1 (0, 𝑏) 𝐹2 (𝑐, 0)
+ =1 𝐴1 (−𝑎, 0) 𝐵2 (0, −𝑏) 𝐹1 (−𝑐, 0)
𝑎2 𝑏 2
𝑥2 𝑦2 Vertical (0, 0) 𝐴1 (0, 𝑎) 𝐵2 ( 𝑏, 0) 𝐹1 (0, 𝑐)
+ =1 𝐴2 (0, −𝑎) 𝐵1 (−𝑏, 0) 𝐹2 (0, −𝑐)
𝑏 2 𝑎2
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 horizontal (ℎ, 𝑘) 𝐴2 (ℎ + 𝑎, 𝑘) 𝐵1 (ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑏) 𝐹2 (ℎ + 𝑐, 𝑘)
+ 𝐴1 (ℎ − 𝑎, 𝑘) 𝐵2 (ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑏) 𝐹1 (ℎ − 𝑐, 𝑘)
𝑎2 𝑏2
=1
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 Vertical (ℎ, 𝑘) 𝐴1 (ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑎) 𝐵2 (ℎ + 𝑏, 𝑘) 𝐹1 (ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑐 )
+ 𝐴2 (ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑎) 𝐵1 (ℎ − 𝑏, 𝑘) 𝐹2 (ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑐, )
𝑏2 𝑎2
=1

We use the table above to graph an ellipse.

11
EXAMPLE 6
x2 y2
Sketch the graph of the equation  1
16 9
SOLUTION
We can see from the standard form that ellipse is centered at (0, 0).
Since 𝑎2 = 16 and 𝑏 2 = 9, we get 𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = 3. Take note that the major axis
is horizontal, we have 𝐴1 (−4, 0) and 𝐴2 (4, 0) as the coordinates of the vertices
and 𝐵1 (0, 3) and 𝐵2 (0, −3) as the coordinates of the co-vertices. The major axis
is 8 units long while the minor axis is 6 units long. Plotting the coordinates of
the vertices and co-vertices we have the graph below.

EXAMPLE 7
( x  1) 2 ( y  2) 2
Sketch the graph of the equation  1
4 9
SOLUTION
From the standard form, we see that the center is (1,-2). Since 𝑎2 =
9 and 𝑏 2 = 4, we get 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = 2.The major axis is vertical and the
coordinates of the vertices are given as 𝐴1 (ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑎) and 𝐴2 (ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑎). We get
𝐴1 (1, 1) and 𝐴2 (1, −5). The coordinates of the co-vertices are given as 𝐵2 (ℎ +
𝑏, 𝑘) and 𝐵1 (ℎ − 𝑏, 𝑘). We get 𝐵2 (3, −2) and 𝐵1 (−1, −2).
Plotting these points, we arrive at the graph of the ellipse as shown in the
figure below.

12
ACTIVITY 2 Ellipse Match…
Direction: Match the equation of an ellipse to its graph.
(𝑥+2)2 (𝑦+2)2
1. + =1 a.
25 16

(𝑥+3)2 (𝑦−1)2
2. + =1 b.
25 4

𝑥2 𝑦2
3. + 64 = 1 c.
16

𝑥2 𝑦2
4. + 16 = 1 d.
9

(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦−1)2
5. + =1 e.
25 16

f.

13
EXAMPLE 8
Sketch the graph of the equation 25 x  9 y  225
2 2

SOLUTION
Rewrite the equation in standard form.
𝑥2 𝑦2
+ 25 = 1 Divide all terms side by 225.
9
We can see that (0, 0) is the center
of the ellipse. The coordinates of the
vertices are given in general as 𝐴1 (ℎ, 𝑘 +
𝑎) and A2 (ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑎). We get 𝐴1 (0, 5) and
A2 (0, −5), . The coordinates of the co-
vertices are given as 𝐵1 (ℎ − 𝑏, 𝑘) and
𝐵2 (ℎ + 𝑏, 𝑘). We get 𝐵1 (−3, 0) and 𝐵2 (3, 0) .
Plotting these points, we arrive at the
graph of an ellipse as shown in the figure
below.

Notice that the major axis in the

ellipse in example 2 is the vertical axis.

EXERCISES 3
Sketch the graph of the equation
( x  1) 2 ( y  2) 2
1.  1
4 9
x2 y2
2.  1
16 9
x2 y2
3.  1
16 9
x2 y2
4.  1
16 9

ACTIVITY 3 I Belong…

Direction: Put a check opposite the coordinates if it is a solution of the

given equation.

(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦+2)2
ELLIPSE: + =1
4 9
____________ 1. (1, 1) ____________ 6. (−5, 1)
____________ 2. (−1, 2) ____________ 7. (1, −5)
____________ 3. (0, 0) ____________ 8. (3, −2)
____________ 4. (−1, −2) ____________ 9. (5, 0)
____________ 5. (4, 9) ____________ 10. (−1, −1)

14
 CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

I. Given the equation of the ellipse, list the coordinates of the center,
vertices, co-vertices and foci.
x2 y2
1.  1
36 4
x2 y2
2.  1
25 81
x2 y2
3.  1
5 16
x2 y2
4.  1
4 64
( x  1) 2 ( y  5) 2
5.  1
9 4
x 2 ( y  6) 2
6.  1
25 36
( x  1) 2 ( y  2) 2
7.  1
49 25
( x  2) 2 ( y ) 2
8.  1
1 16
( x  5) 2 ( y  3) 2
9.  1
7 12
( x  7) 2 ( y  1) 2
10.  1
6 5

II. Sketch the graph of the ellipse given the equation.

x2 y2
11.  1
64 9
x2 y2
12.  1
25 49
( x  2) 2 ( y  1) 2
13.  1
9 49
x 2 ( y  1) 2
14.  1
81 36

III. Write the equation in standard form of the ellipse that is centered at (0,0)
and which satisfies the given criteria.
15. Vertices: 0,5 and Co-Vertices:  2,0,
16. The major axis is horizontal with length 10. The minor axis has length 8.
17. The major axis is vertical with length 20. The minor axis has length 12.

15
 POST-ASSESSMENT

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. The number of vertices of an ellipse.
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4

2. The axis of an ellipse containing the foci is called ________.

a. minor axis c. horizontal axis
b. major axis d. vertical axis

𝑥2 𝑦2
3. The graph of an ellipse that is represented by the equation + = 1.
4 16

a. c.

b. d.

4. The coordinates of the center of the ellipse with equation

(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+7)2
+ = 1.
5 12
a. (3, 7) c. (3, −7)
b. (−3, 7) d. (−3, −7)

5. Write the equation in standard form of an ellipse that is centered at (0, 0),
the horizontal major axis has the length 10 and minor axis has length 8.
x2 y2 x2 y2
a.  1 c.  1
8 2 10 2 4 2 52
x2 y2 x2 y2
b. 2  2  1 d. 2  2  1
10 8 5 4

6. The length of the major axis of the ellipse with equation

(𝑥+6)2 (𝑦−9)2
+ = 1.
16 9
a. 8 units c. 6 units
b. 16 units d. 9 units

16
 𝑥2 𝑦2
7. The coordinates of the foci of the ellipse with equation + = 1.
100 64
a. (0, −6), (0, 6) c. (6, 0), (−6, 0)
b. (0, 6), (0, −6) d. (−6, 0), (6, 0)

8. The coordinates of the co-vertices of the ellipse with equation

(𝑥+4)2 𝑦2
+ = 1.
4 49
a. (6, 0), (2, 0) c. (−6, 0), (−2, 0)
b. (−6, 0), (2, 0) d. (6, 0), (−2, 0)

9. The equation of an ellipse with the graph below.

𝑥2 (𝑦−1)2 𝑥2 𝑦2
a. + =1 c. + =1
100 9 9 100
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥−1)2 𝑦2
b. + =1 d. + =1
10 3 3 10

(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+7)2
10. The graph of an ellipse represented by the equation + = 1.
5 12

a. c.

b. d.

17
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name: __________________________________________________

Direction: Write a reflective learning on Lesson 3 by answering each given

question. Show your creativity and skill by sketching a different figure using
ellipse in GeoGebra. Goodluck!

18
 WORKSHEET 1

Name: ____________________________________________________________________
Year and Track:______________________ Date: _______________________________

Given the equation of the ellipse, list the coordinates of the center, vertices,
co-vertices and foci.
x2 y2
1.  1
36 4

x2 y2
2.  1
25 81

x2 y2
3.  1
5 16

x2 y2
4.  1
4 64

( x  1) 2 ( y  5) 2
5.  1
9 4

x 2 ( y  6) 2
6.  1
25 36

( x  1) 2 ( y  2) 2
7.  1
49 25

( x  2) 2 ( y ) 2
8.  1
1 16

( x  5) 2 ( y  3) 2
9.  1
7 12

( x  7) 2 ( y  1) 2
10.  1
6 5

19
 WORKSHEET 2

Name: ____________________________________________________________________
Year and Track:______________________ Date: _______________________________
Sketch the graph of the ellipse given the equation.

x2 y2
11.  1
64 9

x2 y2
12.  1
25 49

( x  2) 2 ( y  1) 2
13.  1
9 49

x 2 ( y  1) 2
14.  1
81 36

20
 WORKSHEET 3
Name: ____________________________________________________________________
Year and Track:______________________ Date: _______________________________

Write the equation in standard form of the ellipse that is centered at (0,0)
and which satisfies the given criteria.
1. Vertices: 0,5 and Co-Vertices:  2,0,

2. The major axis is horizontal with length 10. The minor axis has length 8.

3. The major axis is vertical with length 20. The minor axis has length 12.

21
 REFERENCES

De las Penas, M. L., et.al. Pre Calculus. Office of Research and Publication,
Ateneo de Manila, 2006
Demana, F. Intermediate Algebra A Graphing Approach. Addison-Wesley
Publishing Co., 1994
Lee, Q. N. Topics in Pre-Calculus. Bookmark, Inc., 1992
Licuanan, P. B. et al. General mathematics. Commission on Higher
Education, 2016
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 109, No. 4, 2012
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 105, No. 5, 2011
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 105, No. 4, 2011
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 104, No. 2, 2010
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 104, No. 3, 2010
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 101, No. 6, 2008
Quimpo, N. F. A Course in Freshman Algebra. Office of Research and
Publication, Ateneo de Manila, 2005
Vance, E. P. Modern Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison-Wesley Publishing
Co., 1984

Acknowledgements

Writer: Irma A. Dellomas MT II, RAJA SOLIMAN SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY HIGH SCHOOL
Editor: John Rainier P. Rizardo, Ed. D.

Reviewer: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math

Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George G. Borromeo, PSDS

Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division

Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education
Supervisor Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady Hannah C Gillo,
Librarian II-LRMS

22
 ANSWER KEY

LESSON 3 ELLIPSE
PRETEST
1. d 6. a Exercises 1
2. b 7. d 1. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 (0, 0), 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(−4, 0), (4, 0),
3. c 8. C 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(0, −2), (0, 2), 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖(−√12, 0), (√12, 0)
4. c 9. b 2. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 (0, 0), 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(0, 3), (0, −3),
5. d 10. a 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(√5, 0), (−√5, 0), 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖(0, 2), (0, −2)
3. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 (0, 0), 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(−11, 0), (11, 0),
Activity 1
𝑐𝑜 − 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(0, −5), (0, 5), 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖(−√96, 0), (√96, 0)
1 and 2 are circles

Exercises 2
1. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 (8, 1), 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(11.32, 1), (4.68, 1),
𝑐𝑜 − 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(8, 3), (8, −1), 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖(1/.65, 1), (5.35, 1)
2. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 (−3, 0), 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(−3, 8), (−3, −8),
𝑐𝑜 − 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(9, 0), (3, 0), 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖(−3, 5.29), (−3, −5.29)
3. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 (−2, −4), 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(−2, −1), (−2, −7),
𝑐𝑜 − 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠(0, −4), (−4, −4), 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖(−2, −1.76), (−2, −6.24)

Activity 2
1. d 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. C

Activity 3
1. 4. 7. 8.

Worksheet 1
1. 𝐶(0, 0) 𝐴1 (−6, 0), 𝐴2 (6, 0), 𝐵1 (0, 2), 𝐵2 (0, −2), 𝐹1 (−4√2, 0), 𝐹2 (4√2, 0)
2. 𝐶(0, 0) 𝐴1 (0, 9), 𝐴2 (0, −9), 𝐵1 (−5, 0), 𝐵2 (5, 0), 𝐹1 (0, 2√14), 𝐹2 (0, −2√14)
3. 𝐶(0, 0) 𝐴1 (0, 4), 𝐴2 (0, −4), 𝐵1 (√5, 0), 𝐵2 (−√5, 0), 𝐹1 (0, √11), 𝐹2 (0, −√11)
4. 𝐶(0, 0) 𝐴1 (0, 8), 𝐴2 (0, −8), 𝐵1 (2, 0), 𝐵2 (−2, 0), 𝐹1 (0, 2√15), 𝐹2 (0, −2√15)
5. 𝐶(1, 5) 𝐴1 (1, 8), 𝐴2 (1, 2), 𝐵1 (−1, 5), 𝐵2 (3, 5), 𝐹1 (1 − √5, 5), 𝐹2 (1 + √5, 5)
6. 𝐶(0, 6) 𝐴1 (0, 12), 𝐴2 (0, 0), 𝐵1 (5, 6), 𝐵2 (−5, 6), 𝐹1 (0, 6 + √11), 𝐹2 (0, 6 − √11)
7. 𝐶(−1, −2) 𝐴1 (−8, −2), 𝐴2 (6, −2), 𝐵1 (−1, 3), 𝐵2 (−1, −7), 𝐹1 (−1 −
2√6, −2), 𝐹2 (−1 + 2√6, −2)
8. 𝐶(2, 0) 𝐴1 (2, 4), 𝐴2 (2, −4), 𝐵1 (1, 0), 𝐵2 (3, 0), 𝐹1 (2, √15), 𝐹2 (2, −√15)
9. 𝐶(5, −3) 𝐴1 (5, −3 + √12), 𝐴2 (5, −3 − √12), 𝐵1 (5 − √7, −3), 𝐵2 (5 + √7, −3),
𝐹1 (5, −3 + √5), 𝐹2 (5, −3 − √5)
10. 𝐶(−7, 1) 𝐴1 (−7 − √6, 1), 𝐴2 (−7 + √6, 1), 𝐵1 (−7, 1 + √5), 𝐵2 (−7, 1 − √7),
𝐹1 (−8, 1), 𝐹2 (−6, 1)

23
Worksheet 2

1.

2. 3.

4.

Worksheet 3
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. + =1
4 25
𝑥2 𝑦2
2. + =1
25 16
𝑥2 𝑦2
3. + =1
144 36

POSTTEST
1. d 6. a
2. b 7. d
3. c 8. c
4. c 9. b
5. d 10. a

24