Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
Schools Division Office – Caloocan City

MATHEMATICS 10

Quarter 1 Week 1
Module
 MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 1 Week 1

Competencies :
 The learner generates patterns given succession of numbers and illustrates an arithmetic
sequence. M10AL-Ia-1
 The learner illustrates an arithmetic sequence. M10AL-Ib-1

To The Learners :
Before doing this module, you have to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the
lessons. Read the simple instructions below.
1. Follow carefully the contents and instructions indicated in this module.
2. Read and understand well the contents of this module.
3. Perform all the provided activities.
4. Answer the pre - test and post - test given.
5. Have fun and enjoy learning!

Learning Expectations
After going through this module you are expected to demonstrate knowledge and skills related to
sequences. Specifically, you should be able to:
a. generate and describe patterns;
b. identify the next few terms of a sequence;
c. differentiate finite from infinite sequence;
d. list the next few terms of a sequence given the general term;
e. find the general or nth term of a sequence; and
f. illustrate an arithmetic sequence.

Pre - test

Let us find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Read each
question/statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which set of numbers is an example of an arithmetic sequence?

a. 12, 19, 26, 33, 40 c. −6, 18,− 54, 162
1 1 1 1 1
b. , , , , d. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5
3 9 15 21 27
2. Give the first five terms of the sequence whose general term is 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 2
a. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 c. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17
5 5 1 5 3 4 5 6
b. 5, , , , d. 2, , , ,
4 7 2, 13 4 9 16, 25
3. What is the next three terms in the arithmetic sequence 8, 3, −2, −7,…?
a. −13, −20, 10 c. 4, 7, 10
b. 12, 17, 22 d. −12, −17, −22
4. What is the general rule of the sequence 7, 11, 15, 19, 23?
a. 𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛 + 3 c. 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 +7

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MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 P a g e 1 | 10
 15
b. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 2𝑛 +6 d. 𝑎𝑛 =
6𝑛−1
5. A car manufacturing unit produced 650 cars in January, 775 cars in February, 900 cars in
March. If the company continues to produce cars at this rate, find the number of cars that were
produced in the month of June.
a. 1025 b. 1150 c. 1275 d. 1400

Looking Back to your Lesson

Pattern
It is a sequence or a series that repeats. Math patterns are sequences that repeats based on a rule,
and a rule is a way to solve or calculate a problem.

Each item below shows a pattern. Identify the last term in each pattern.

1.

a a a
2. t t t
t t t
e e e
3. r r r
n n n c
- - -
4. 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, _______
Answers:
i i i
1. s
s , because the pattern s
starts with a triangle followed by a circle, and so on.
1.shape
The last a in the given pattern is a circle and must be followed with a triangle.
t a
2. a a
The first pattern is composed of two squares, followed by four squares, six
t
squares and eight squares. Last pattern will be composed of ten squares.
s e s s
3.
e r e The first pattern is composed of a rectangle and a circle, next is a
e
rectangle with two circles, and so on. Last must be a rectangle with
q n q
five circles q
u - u u
4. 30,eeach inumber has e e last number is 25 added by 5 is 30.
a difference of 5, the
n s n n
NOTE : The set of shapes and the sets of numbers above are called sequences.
c a c c
e s e e
Introduction of the Topic
e
o o o
Lesson 1 q
: Sequences
r r r
u
Number Sequence / Progression : it is a set of numbers written in a specific order.
Examples: e
a a a
n 1 1 1 1
a. 2, 5, 8,11,14, … c. , , , ,…
c s
2 4 8 16
s 8, 4, 0, −4,…
b. 12, s d. 0.2, 1.4, 2.6, 3.8,…
e e
e e
o
r each sequence is
Note that r a set of numbers,r and order is important. In a sequence, a rule is used
in order to obtain the list of
i r i numbers. i
e a e e
s s s s
VANESSA MAE N. BORROMEO
MATH 10 QUARTERe1 WEEK 1 P a g e 2 | 10
t r t t
h i h h
Let’s find out the rules in each of the following :

a. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14,… Notice that 3 is added to 2 to get 5; the same value is

2 + 3 = 5 added to 5 to get 8, and 3 is also added to 8
5 + 3 = 8 to get 11.
8 + 3 = 11
11 + 3 = 14 Therefore, the rule is add 3 to the
preceding term

b. 12, 8, 4, 0, −4,… Notice that 4 is subtracted from 12 to get 8, then

12 – 4 = 8 4 is subtracted also from 8 to get 4, and 4 again
8 − 4= 4 is subtracted from 4 to get 0
4 − 4= 0
0 − 4 = −4 Therefore, the rule is subtract 4 from
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎.

1 1 1 1 1
c. , , , , …
2 4 8 16 32
1 1 1 1 1 1
× =4 × 2=
2 2 8 16
1 1 1 1 1 1
× 2= × 2=
4 8 16 32

𝟏
The rule is multiply by to the preceding term
𝟐
d. 0.2, 1.4, 2.6, 3.8, 5,…
0.2 + 1.2 = 1.4 2.6 + 1.2 = 3.8
1.4 + 1.2= 2.6 3.8+ 1.2= 5
The rule is add 1.2 to the preceding term.

Examples of other sequences are shown below. These sequences are separated into two groups.
Finite Sequence
 A sequence that contains a finite number of terms.
Infinite Sequence
 A sequence that contains an infinite number of terms.

Examples:
Finite Sequence Infinite Sequence
2, 4, 6, 8, 10,...16 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,…
3, −9, 27, −81, 243 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, …
0.2, 1.4, 2.6, 3.8, 5 20, 14, 8, 2, …
−5, 0, −5, 0,−5,…−5 3, 0, −3, -6,−9,…
1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1
, , , 1, 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 , …
2 5 10 17

Activities

Activity 1.1
Fill the numbers that are missing in each sequence. Identify the rule that was used in the sequence.
1. 16, 20, 24,_____, 32, 36, _____, ______
The rule for this sequence is: _____________________

2. 9, 5, 1,_____, −7, −11, _____, ______

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MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 P a g e 3 | 10
 The rule for this sequence is: _____________________

3. 20, 30, 40,_____, 60, 70, _____, ______

The rule for this sequence is: _____________________

4. 15, −45, 135,_____, 1215, −3645, _____, ______

The rule for this sequence is: _____________________

1 1 1 1
5. , , , ____, 243 , _____, _____,
3 9 27
The rule for this sequence is: _____________________

Activity 1.2
Write Finite if the given sequence is an example of a finite sequence and Infinite if it is not.
__________________1. 5, 2, −1, −4, −7 __________________ 6. 1, 1, 2, 3,... 21
__________________2. 9, 15, 21, 27, 33,… __________________ 7. −12, 24, −36,…
1 1 1 1
__________________3. , , , __________________ 8. 3, 9, 27,…,729
2 6 18 54
2 4 8 16
__________________4. 2√5, 6√5, 10√5, 14√5 __________________ 9. , , , ,…
3 9 27 81,
2 4 8 16 32
__________________5. , , , , ,… __________________ 10. 2, 4, 6, 8,…
3 9 27 81, 243

Lesson 2 : Finding the terms of a Sequence

TERM - It is any number in a sequence.
In the sequence 2, 5, 8, 11,14,…the first term (𝒂𝟏 ) is 2, followed by the second term (𝒂𝟐 ) which is 5,
the third term (𝒂𝟑 ) is 8, the fourth term (𝒂𝟒 ) is 11, and the fifth term (𝒂𝟓 ) is 14.
2, 5, 8, 11, 14,…
(𝒂𝟏 ) (𝒂𝟐 ) (𝒂𝟑 ) (𝒂𝟒 ) (𝒂𝟓 )
Examples:
1. Give the first five terms of the sequence whose general term is given by
𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 2.
Solution:
 To find the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth terms of this sequence, simply substitute
1, 2,3,4,5 for 𝑛 in the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 2
1st term 𝑎1 = 3(1) + 2 = 5
2nd term 𝑎2 = 3(2) + 2 = 8
3rd term 𝑎3 = 3(3) + 2 = 11
4 term
th 𝑎4 = 3(4) + 2 = 14
5th term 𝑎5 = 3(5) + 2 = 17
Therefore, the first five terms are 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17.
2
2. Give the first five terms of the sequence whose general term is given by 𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛−1
 To find the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth terms of this sequence, simply substitute
2
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 for 𝑛 in the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛−1.
2 2 2 2 2
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 =
4𝑛−1 4𝑛−1 4𝑛−1 4𝑛−1 4𝑛−1
2 2 2 2 2
𝑎1 = 𝑎2 = 𝑎3 = 𝑎4 = 𝑎5 =
4(1)−1 4(2)−1 4(3)−1 4(4)−1 4(5)−1
2 2 2 2 2
𝑎1 = 𝑎2 = 𝑎3 = 𝑎4 = 𝑎5 =
4−1 8−1 12−1 16−1 20−1
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒂𝟏 = 𝒂𝟐 = 𝒂𝟑 = 𝒂𝟒 = 𝒂𝟓 =
𝟑 𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟗

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MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 P a g e 4 | 10
 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Therefore, the first five terms are , , , , and .
𝟑 𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟗

3. Give the first five terms of the sequence that is defined by the general term 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4.
 To find the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth terms of this sequence, simply
substitute 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 for 𝑛 in the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4.

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4
𝑎1 = (1)2 + 2(1) − 4 𝑎2 = 22 + 2(2) − 4 𝑎3 = 32 + 2(3) − 4
𝑎1 = 1 + 2 − 4 𝑎2 = 4 + 4 − 4 𝑎3 = 9 + 6 − 4
𝑎1 = −1 𝑎2 = 4 𝑎3 = 11

Following the pattern, 𝑎4 = 20 and 𝑎5 = 31

Therefore, the first five terms are −1, 4, 11, 20, and 31.

Activities

Activity 2.1
Match the general rule/ nth rule in Column A with its corresponding sequence in Column B. Write the
letter of the correct answer and your solutions on a separate sheet of paper.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_______1. 4n + 5 a. 3, 9, 15, 21, 27
50 25
_______2. 6n − 3 b. 50, 25, , ,10
3 2
8 13 23
_______3. n2 + 3n − 5 c. 1, , , 6,
3 3 3

5𝑛−2
_______4. d. 9, 13, 17, 21, 25
3
50
_______5. e. −1, 5, 13, 23, 35
𝑛
Lesson 3 : Finding the nth term of a Sequence

Finding the nth term of a sequence from the 1st to few terms is not always automatic. That is, it takes
a while to recognize the pattern. Don’t be afraid to guess the formula for the general term.
Here are some pointers on how to find the general term of a sequence:

1. Study each term of the sequence and find a pattern.

a. Is it a multiple of the term ?
b. Is it a multiple of the square or cube of the term?

2. Examine the sequence. It is increasing or decreasing?

a. If it increases gradually, consider expressions that involve the term number plus or minus
a constant like : 𝑛 + 3 or 𝑛 − 5
b. If it increases moderately, think about multiples of the term plus or minus a constant like
2n or 3n− 1.
c. If it increases rapidly, try powers of the term plus or minus a constant like n2 or n2 + 5.
3. If the sequence consists of fractions, examine how the denominator and numerator change for
each term.
n+1 2 3 4 5 6
For example: an = yields to , , , , ,…
n2 1 4 9 16, 25

Examples:
VANESSA MAE N. BORROMEO
MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 P a g e 5 | 10
1. Write an expression in the general form or a rule of the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9,…
Solution:
To find the general form or the rule for a specific sequence, we should look for an APPARENT
PATTERN.

For this sequence, you can observe that the difference between successive terms is 2.
In general, you can use trial – and – error method to find the rule.

𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏 Term 1 2 3 4
Value 3 5 7 9

2. Write an expression in the general form or a rule of the sequence 1,−2, 4,−8, 16,…

Solution:

As you can see in the given sequence, the sign of the terms alternate.
This means that the term is negative. In general, you can observe that 𝒂𝒏 = (−𝟐)𝒏−𝟏
5 3
3. Write the rule of the sequence 3, , 2, , …
2 2

Solution:
6 7−1 5 5 7−2
Notice that 3 can be written as = ; can be written as = ;
2 2 2 2 2
4 7−3 3 3 7− 4
2 can be written as = ; and can be written as : = .
2 2 2 2 2

You can see that the numerators are 6, 5, 4, 3, … (7 − n) and the denominator is always 2.
𝟕−𝒏
Therefore, the general term or the nth term of the sequence is 𝒂𝒏 =
𝟐

Activities
Activity 3.1
Identify the general rule of the given sequences. Look for the answer below the box and exchange it
with the corresponding letter of the given sequence. Decode to find the answer on the trivia below.
MATH TRIVIA

What is the mathematical name for the division sign?

3𝑛 + 2 𝑎𝑛 = 10𝑛 − 5 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 7 𝑎𝑛 = 5𝑛 20 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 3𝑛 − 7
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 =
4 𝑛
20
E 10, 13, 16, 19, 22 U 20, 10, , 5, 4
3
5 11 7 17
O , 2, ,2, B 5, 15, 25, 35, 45
4 4 4
L 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 S −3, 3, 11, 21, 33

Lesson 4 : Arithmetic Sequence

Arithmetic Sequence / Progression
 it is a sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by adding a fixed number called
the common difference.
 To find the common difference, you can subtract two consecutive terms, that is the
second term to the first term, third term to the second term, fourth term to third term and so
on.

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MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 P a g e 6 | 10
 Examples:
a. Terms 3, 7, 11, 15, 19,…

Difference 4 4 4 4
Solution: 7− 3 = 4 11− 7 = 4 15 – 11 = 4 19 − 15 = 4

b. Terms 2, 12, 22, 32, 42,…

Difference 10 10 10 10
Solution: 12 – 2 = 10 22 – 12 = 10 32 − 22 = 10 42 − 32 = 10

c. Terms 13, 5, −3, −11, − 19,…

Difference −8 −8 −8 −8
Solution: 5 – 13 = −8 −3− 5 = −8 −11− (−3) = −8 −19 − (−11) = −8

1 7 11 5 19
d. Terms , , , ,
4 12 12 4, 12

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Difference
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
7 1 7−3 4 1 5 11 15−11 4 1
Solution − = = / − = = /
12 4 12 12 3 4 12 12 12 3
11 7 4 1 19 5 19−15 4 1
− = / − = = /
12 12 12 3 12 4 12 12 3

Activities
Activity 4.1
Determine the following sequences if arithmetic or not. Write ARITHMETIC if the given sequence
illustrates an arithmetic sequence or NOT ARITHMETIC if otherwise.
_________1. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 _________6. 21, 15, 9, 3, −3
_________2. 3, 9, 27, 81, 243 _________7. 28, 34, 40, 46, 52
1 1 1 1 1
_________3. , , , , _________ 8. 0, 1,1,2,3, 5
2 6 18 54 162
3 5
_________4. 2√5, 6√5, 10√5, 14√5 _________ 9. 1, , 2, 2 , 3
2
2 4 8 16 32 4 5 7
_________5. , , , , _________10. 1, , ,2 ,3
3 9 27 81, 243 3 3

Lesson 5 : Finding the terms of an Arithmetic Sequence

Examples:
1. Find the next three terms of the arithmetic sequence 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, …

Solution:
 First, find the common difference. You can subtract the second term to the first term, third
term to the second term and so on.
3, 8, 13, 18, 23,…
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎4 𝑎5
8–3=5 13 – 8 = 5 18 – 13 = 5 23 − 18 = 5
The common difference in the given sequence is 5. (The sequence is ascending)

 Add the common difference to the last given term. After getting the common difference
which is 5, add this to the last given term to obtain the next three terms. 3, 8, 13, 18, 23,…
The last term is 23.

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MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 P a g e 7 | 10
 Therefore, 23 + (5)= 28 28+ 5= 33 33+ 5 = 38
The next three terms are 28, 33, and 38.

2. Find the next three terms of the arithmetic sequence 10, 7, 4, 1, −2 ,…

Solution:
 First, find the common difference.
7 – 10 = −3 4 – 7 = −3 1 – 4 = −3 −2 – 1 = −3
The common difference in the given sequence is −3. (The sequence is descending)

 After finding the common difference which is −3, add this to the last given term to
obtain the next three terms.
−2 + (−3) = −5 −5 + (−3) = −8 −8 + (−3 )= −11
The next three terms are −5, −8, and −11.

1 7 11 5 19
3. Find the next three terms of the arithmetic sequence , , ,2, …
2 6 6 6
 Find the common difference.
7 1 7−3 4 2
− = = =
6 2 6 6 3
11 7 4 2
− = =
6 6 6 3
5 11 15−11 4 2
− = =6=
2 6 6 3
19 5 19 − 15 4 2
− = = =
6 2 6 6 3
4 2
The common difference is 𝑜𝑟 .
6 3

 Add the common difference to the last given term.

19 4 𝟐𝟑 23 4 𝟐𝟕 𝟗 27 4 𝟑𝟏
+ = , + = = + =
6 6 𝟔 6 6 𝟔 𝟐 6 6 𝟔

𝟐𝟑 𝟗 𝟑𝟏
The next three terms are ,𝟐,
𝟔 𝟔

Activities
Activity 5.1
Find the common difference and write the next three terms of each arithmetic sequence.

_______1. 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, ______, ______, ______

_______2. −10, −7, −4, −1, 2, ______, ______, ______

_______3. 15, 11, 7, 3, −1, ______, ______, ______

_______4. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, ______, ______, ______

_______5. 266, 282, 298, 314, 330, ______, ______, ______

_______6. 21, 9, −3, −15, −27, ______, ______, ______

_______7. 3√5, 9√5, 15√5, 21√5, ______, ______, ______

_______8. 2. 25, 5, 7.75, 10.5, 13.25, ______, ______, ______

4 5 7 8
_______9. , ,2, , , ______, ______, ______
3 3 3 3

_______10. 10, 1, −8, −17, −26, ______, ______, ______

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MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 P a g e 8 | 10
 Post - test

Read each question/statement carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Which set of numbers is an example of an arithmetic sequence?
c. 12, 19, 26, 33, 40 c. −6, 18,− 54, 162
1 1 1 1 1
d. , , , , d. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5
3 9 15 21 27
5
2. Give the first five terms of the sequence whose general term is 𝑎𝑛 =
3𝑛−2
5 5 5 5 5
a. , , , , c. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25
2 4 9 16, 25
5 5 1 5 3 4 5 6
b. 5, 4 , 7 , 2, , 13 d. 2, 4 , 9 , 16, , 25
3. What is the next three terms in the arithmetic sequence 8, 3, −2, −7,…?
c. −13, −20, 10 c. 4, 7, 10
d. 12, 17, 22 d. −12, −17, −22
4. What is the general rule of the sequence 3, 10, 19, 30, 43?
c. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 4𝑛 −2 c. 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛 +7
15
d. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 2𝑛 +6 d. 𝑎𝑛 = 6𝑛−1

6. A car manufacturing unit produced 650 cars in January, 775 cars in February, and 900 cars
in March. If the company continues to produce cars at this rate, find the number of cars that
were produced in the month of June.
a. 1025 b. 1150 c. 1275 d. 1400

References
Grade 10 Math Module 1 Searching for Patterns, Sequences and Series. June 15, 2015.

Sumo, Carmen T., Queenie S. Flores, Manuel T. Kotah, Eugenia V. Guevarra, and Simon L. Chua.

Phoenix Math For the 21st Century Learners. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, 2015.

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MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 P a g e 9 | 10
VANESSA MAE N. BORROMEO
MATH 10 QUARTER 1 WEEK 1 P a g e 10 | 10