Learning Module for General Mathematics

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Quarter 1 Week 2 Module 2

Learning Competency:
l-life situations using one-to-one functions. (M11GM-Ib-1)
Represents real-life situations using rational functions.
M11GM-Ib-1
-Ib-5)

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below
to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in

every page of this module.

2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons.

Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and
keep in mind.

3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.

4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the

answer key card.

5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have

learned.

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of
the lessons.
• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

LESSON
5 Rational Function
EXPECTATIONS

You will represent real-life situations using rational function.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

 define rational function;
 determine whether the given function is a rational, not a rational or
undefined; and
 represent real-life situations using rational function.
Let us start your journey
in learning more on rational
function. I am sure you are ready
and excited to answer the
PRETEST Pretest. Smile and Enjoy!

Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. For the function to be defined as rational, the denominator should be.
A. Not equal to 0 B. Equal to 0 C. Undefined D. Equal to 1
2. Which of the following is a rational function?
𝑥𝑥+4 3𝑥𝑥−6 √3𝑥𝑥+5
A. =5 B. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = C, 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = D. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑥 + 6
3 5𝑥𝑥+2 2𝑥𝑥−1

For 3-5 refer to the problem given.

A company has a budget of P100,000 to be divided equally among its
various offices. The administration office of the company receives twice the
amount of money than the other offices.

3. Given 𝑥𝑥 as the number of offices in the company, which of the following

shows the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) which would give the amount of money each of
the non-administration offices would receive?
100,000 100,000 100,000
A. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = B. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = C. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = D. None
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥+1 𝑥𝑥+2

4. If the company had seven offices, which of the amount would the
administration office receive?
A. P12, 500 B. P15, 000 C. P25, 000 D. P30, 000

5. Which of the following amount would the non-administration offices

receive?
A. P12, 500 B. P15, 000 C. P25, 000 D. P30, 000

Great, you are finished

answering the questions. You
may request your facilitator to
check your work.
Congratulations and keep on
learning!
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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Before going further, let us try to recall about function. A function is a set
of ordered pairs (x, y) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value
but different y – values. The 𝑥𝑥 coordinates called domain and 𝑦𝑦 coordinates
called range.
1. Find the domain and range of the given ordered pairs.
A. f = {(1, a), (2, a), (3, b), (4, b)}
B. 𝑔𝑔 = {(1, –1), (2, –3), (0, 5), (–1, 2), (4, –5), (–2,3), (2, 5)}
2. Refer to #1, which of the two is a function?
3. Which of the following statements represents a function?
A. Student’s grade in Pre-Calculus.
B. Countries to its flag.
C. Cellphone to its charger.
4. Determine which of the equations define a function.
A. 𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 + 4 B. 𝑦𝑦 = √𝑥𝑥 + 7 C. 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 = 2
5. Indicate whether each graph is the graph of a function.

A. B C.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
𝑷𝑷(𝒙𝒙)
Rational Function is a function of the form 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = where 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) and 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥)
𝑸𝑸(𝒙𝒙)
are polynomial function and 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) is not the zero function (𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) ≠ 0). Recall
that a polynomial function p of degree n is a function that can be written
in the form 𝒑𝒑(𝒙𝒙) = 𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒙𝒏𝒏 + 𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒏−𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙𝒏𝒏−𝟏𝟏 + 𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒏−𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙𝒏𝒏−𝟐𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂𝟎𝟎 , where 𝑎𝑎0 ,
𝑎𝑎1 , … 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 ∈ ℝ, 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 ≠ 0, and n is a positive integer. Each addend of the sum is a
term of the polynomial function. The constants 𝑎𝑎0 , 𝑎𝑎1 , 𝑎𝑎𝟐𝟐 , … , 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 are the
coefficients. The leading coefficient is 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 .The leading term is 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 , and the
constant term is 𝑎𝑎0 .
Example 1. Given the polynomial function 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 ) = 8 + 3𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑥𝑥 𝟐𝟐 − 𝑥𝑥 3 , find:
(a) The degree of the polynomial (Highest exponent in the polynomial) (𝟑𝟑)
(b) The leading coefficient (Constant term in the leading term) (−𝑥𝑥 3 ) = (-1)
(c) The constant term (an integer without variable or letter) (8)
(d) The number of zeroes (Depends on the degree of the polynomial) (3)
Example 2. Determine whether the following function is a rational, not a
rational or undefined.
𝑥𝑥 2 −4
(a) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = Rational Function
𝑥𝑥+2
(b) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑥 + 25 Not a rational function
√𝑥𝑥 3 −27
(c) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = Not a rational function
𝑥𝑥−3

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

𝑥𝑥+3
(d) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = Not a rational function
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|𝑥𝑥 2 −3𝑥𝑥+1|
(e) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = Not a rational function
2𝑥𝑥 −3 +𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥−5
(f) 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = Undefined
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Many real-life situations can be represented by rational functions;
hence, living in the world makes it easier and lighter. Below are some of the
examples of a real-life situations wherein rational function is very helpful.
Let’s take a look to some of these.

Example 1. An object is to travel a distance of 30 meters. Express velocity v

as a function of travel time t, in seconds.
Solution. The following table of values show v for various values of t.
t (seconds) 1 5 10 15 30
v (meters per second) 30 6 3 2 1
30
The function 𝑣𝑣 (𝑡𝑡) = can represent v as a function of t.
𝑡𝑡
Example 2. In an inter-school volleyball league, the team from STEM 1 has
won 10 out of 25 games, a winning percentage of 40%. We have seen
that they need to win 75 games consecutively to raise their percentage
to at least 85%. What will be their winning percentage if they win:
(a) 8 games in a row?
(b) 15? 30? 60? 100? 150 games?
(c) Can they reach a 100% winning percentage?
Solution. Let 𝑥𝑥 be the number of wins the team STEM 1 needs to win in a
row. Then the percentage 𝑝𝑝 is a function of the number of wins that the team
10+𝑥𝑥
needs to win. The function can be written as : 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 ) =
𝟐𝟐5+𝑥𝑥

Construct a table of values for 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 ):

𝑥𝑥 8 15 30 60 100 150 200 300
𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥) 0.55 0.63 0.73 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95
Even if the team wins 300 consecutive games, the team still cannot reach a
100% winning percentage. Note that the denominator 25 + x is greater than
the numerator, so 100% cannot be achieved. This is reasonable, since the
team has lost 15 games already, so they cannot be “perfect”.
7𝑡𝑡
Example 3. Suppose that 𝑐𝑐 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝟐𝟐 +1 (in mg/mL) represents the concentration
3𝑡𝑡
of a drug in a patient’s bloodstream t hours after the drug was
administered. Construct a table of values for c(t) for t = 1, 2, 5, 10.
Round off answers to three decimal places. Interpret your answers in
relation to drug concentration.
Solution:
Construct a table of values for 𝑐𝑐(𝑡𝑡):
t 0 1 2 5 10
c(t) 0 1.75 1.077 0.461 0. 233
After 1 hour, the drug concentration decreases until it is almost zero.

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics
ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Find the degree of the polynomial, the leading coefficient, the
constant term, and the number of zeroes given the following polynomial
functions:
1. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑥 + 14 2. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = −𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 − 19

Activity 2. Determine which of the following is a rational function, not a

rational function or undefined.
1
𝑥𝑥−7 𝑥𝑥 2 +7𝑥𝑥+10 2𝑥𝑥 3 +5𝑥𝑥−4
𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 2. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = 3. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) =
√𝑥𝑥 3 −343 𝑥𝑥+2 𝑥𝑥−3
2𝑥𝑥 2 −2𝑥𝑥−12 2 9𝑥𝑥−5
4. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = 5. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = 3𝑥𝑥 − 18𝑥𝑥 + 15 6. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) =
2𝑥𝑥+4 0

Activity 3. Solve the problem.

Lito loves to travel. Two years ago, he went to Sagada and fell in love of
that place because of cold weather. The total distance he travelled from Manila
to Sagada was approximately 650 kilometers.

1. How long will it take him to get to Sagada if his average speed is 50
kilometers per hour? 60 kilometers per hour? 100 kilometers per hour?
2. Construct a function (𝑠𝑠), where 𝑠𝑠 is the speed of travel, that describes the
time it takes to drive from Manila to Sagada.

REMEMBER

A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that no two ordered

pairs have the same x-value but different y – values. The 𝑥𝑥 coordinates called
domain and 𝑦𝑦 coordinates called range.
𝑷𝑷(𝒙𝒙)
A rational function is a function of the form 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = where 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) and
𝑸𝑸(𝒙𝒙)
𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) are polynomial function and 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) is not the zero function (𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) ≠ 0).

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

𝑷𝑷(𝒙𝒙)
What would happen if the 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) of the form 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = become a zero
𝑸𝑸(𝒙𝒙)
function?

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

POSTTEST

Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is a rational function?
1
𝑥𝑥+5 𝑥𝑥 2 −8𝑥𝑥+16 𝑥𝑥 4 −3𝑥𝑥+2
A. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = B. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = √5𝑥𝑥 + 4 C. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = D. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) =
𝑥𝑥−1 4 𝑥𝑥−2
2. Which of the following statement is true?
A. In a polynomial function 3𝑥𝑥 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 7, the leading coefficient is 7.
𝒑𝒑(𝒙𝒙)
B. A function of the form 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = , 𝑞𝑞(𝑥𝑥) is not the zero function.
𝒒𝒒(𝒙𝒙)
C. The number of zeroes in a polynomial function cannot be more
than two.
D. None of the above.

3-5 Refer to the problem.

A company has a budget of P200,000 to be divided equally among its
various offices. The accounting office of the company receives twice the
amount of money than the other offices.

3. Given 𝑥𝑥 as the number of offices in the company, which of the following

shows the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) which would give the amount of money each of
the non-administration offices would receive?
200,000 200,000 200,000
A. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = B. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = C. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = D. None
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥+1 𝑥𝑥+2

4. If the company had nine offices, which of the amount would the accounting
office receive?
A. P10, 000 B. P15, 000 C. P20, 000 D. P40, 000

5. Which of the following amount would the non-accounting offices receive?

A. P10, 000 B. P15, 000 C. P20, 000 D. P40, 000

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

One of the characteristics of a human person is the capability to give

reason. This makes human distinctive in all creatures that God made on earth.
For this reason, human is considered as a rational person. According to Collins
English Dictionary, “a rational person is someone who is sensible and is able to
make decisions based on intelligent thinking rather than an emotion.” Given this
definition, would you consider yourself as a rational person? Why or why not?

________________________________________________________________________
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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

ANSWER KEY

PRETEST:
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON:

1. A. Domain: {1, 2, 3, 4}, Range: {a, b}

B. Domain: {-2,-1, 0, 1, 2, 4}, Range: {-5, -3, -1, 2, 3, 5}
2. A. Function B. Not a Function
3. A. Function B. Function C. Not a Function
4. A. Function B. Function C. Not a Function
5. A. Function B. Function C. Not a Function

ACTIVITIES:

Activity 1:
1. A. Degree of Polynomial: 3 C. Leading Coefficient: 2
B. Constant Term: 14 D. Number of Zeroes: 3
2. A. Degree of Polynomial: 2 C. Leading Coefficient: -1
B. Constant Term: -19 D. Number of Zeroes: 2

Activity 2:
1. Not a Rational Function 2. Rational Function
3. Not a Rational Function 4. Rational Function
5. Not a Rational Function 6. Undefined

Activity 3:
1. A. 13 hours B. 10.83 hours C. 6.5 hours

2. Since time is the quotient of distance and speed, we can write the
𝑑𝑑
function as (𝑠𝑠) = 𝑠𝑠 . The distance is fixed at 650 km. So, the final
650
function we have is 𝑡𝑡(𝑠𝑠) = 𝑠𝑠
.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥)
When the 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) of the function 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = become a zero function, the
𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥)
function would become undefined.
POSTTEST:

1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A

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 Learning Module for General Mathematics

E-SITES

To further explore the concept learned today and if it possible to connect the
internet, you may visit the following links:

https://www.ixl.com/math/precalculus
https://www.mathworksheets4kids.com/function/identifying/graphing-
1.pdf
http://mathworld.wolfra.com/Catenary.html

REFERENCES

DepEd. (2016). General Mathematics - Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press Inc.

Banigon Jr, R. et al. (2016). General Mathematics for Senior High School.
Educational Resources Corporation. Cubao, Quezon City
Orines, F. B. (2016). Next Century Mathematics 11 General Mathematics.
Phoenix Publishing House.
Stewart, J., Redlin, L., & Watson, S., (2002). Precalculus Mathematics for
Calculus 4th. Brooks/Cole.

Acknowledgements

Writer: Lito B. Diaz – MT II

Editor: Dr. John Rainier Rizardo, Master Teacher II

Reviewer: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math

Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim
Schools Division Superintendent, SDO-Manila
Aida H. Rondilla
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Lucky S. Carpio
Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
Lady Hannah C Gillo
Librarian II-LRMS