GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Module 7: Week 7: Third Grading

Title of the Activity:

Logarithmic Function

Objectives

The main objective of this module is for the students to represent real-life
situation using logarithmic functions, distinguishes logarithmic function to logarithmic
equation and inequalities, and solve for logarithmic equation and inequalities.

Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)

At the end of this module, the learner should be able to;

1. Represent real-life situation using logarithmic functions
2. Distinguishes logarithmic function, logarithmic equation and
inequalities.
3. Solves logarithmic equations and inequalities.

Let’s Recall (Laws of Exponents)

Product Rule: Let a be any real number and let m and n be positive integers. Then,
𝑎𝑚 . 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛
Examples:
𝑎. 52 . 53
= 52+3 Step 1: Copy the common base and add the exponents
5
= 5 Step 2: Simplify
= 3125
𝑏. 𝑥 4 . 𝑥 8 = 𝑥 4+8 = 𝑥 12
𝑐. (−3)5 . (−3) = (−3)5+1 = (−3)6 = 729
Power Rules
1. Power Rule for Exponents. Let a and b be real numbers and let m and n be positive
integers. Then, (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛
Examples:
𝑎. (22 )4
= 2(2)(4) Step 1: Copy the Common Base and multiply the exponents
= 28 Step 2: Simplify
= 256
𝑏. (𝑡 3 )3 = 𝑡 (3)(3) = 𝑡 9
𝑐. (𝑥 𝑎 )𝑏 = 𝑥 (𝑎)(𝑏) = 𝑥 𝑎𝑏

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2. Power Rule for a Product. Let a and b be real numbers and let n be a positive
integer. Then, (𝑎𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑛
Examples:
𝑎. (𝑥𝑦)𝑎
= 𝑥𝑎 𝑦𝑎 Step 1: Distribute the exponent to the base
𝑏. (2𝑎)2
= 22 𝑎2 Step 1: Distribute the exponent to the base
2
= 4𝑎 Step 2: Simplify
𝑐. (𝑎𝑧)4 = 𝑎4 𝑧 4
3. Power Rule for a Quotient. Let a and b be real numbers and let n be a positive
𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛
integer. Then, ( ) = 𝑛
𝑏 𝑏
Examples:
𝑥 4
𝑎. ( )
𝑦
𝑥4
= Step 1: Distribute the exponents to the numerator and denominator.
𝑦4
2
2
𝑏. ( )
3
22
= 2 Step 1: Distribute the exponents to the numerator and denominator.
3

4
= Step 2: Simplify
9
𝑧
3 3𝑧
𝑐. ( ) = 𝑧
5 5

Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

Definition
log 𝑏 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1.
𝐴 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒎 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑏 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑦.
𝐼𝑛 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟, 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 1.
Changing Exponential to Logarithmic and vice versa
The equations 𝑥 = log 𝑏 𝑦 and 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 are equivalent. The first equation is in logarithmic
form and the second is in exponential form.
Example: Write each exponential equation in logarithmic form.
Exponents are logarithms

a. 32 = 𝑥 Solution. log 3 𝑥 = 2
The base remains the same

b. 10−2 = 0.01 Solution. log10 0.01 = −2

c. 𝑒 𝑦 = 9 Solution. log 𝑒 9 = 𝑦

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Example: Write each logarithmic equation in exponential form.
The logarithm is the exponent

a. log 5 𝑥 = 4 Solution. 54 = 𝑥
The base remains the same
b. log 2 64 = 6 Solution. 26 = 64
c. log 𝑎 𝑀 = 7 Solution. 𝑎7 = 𝑀
Logarithms in real-life
Some of the most common applications in real-life logarithms are the Richter Scales,
sound intensity and Ph level.
Earthquake Magnitude on Richter Scale
2 𝐸
The magnitude R of an earthquake is given by 𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 where E (in joules) is the
3 104.40
energy released by the earthquake (the quantity 104.40 joules is the energy released by a
very small reference earthquake).

Example: Suppose that an earthquake released approximately 1012 joules of energy. (a)
What is its magnitude on a Richter Scale? (b) How much more energy does this
earthquake release than the reference earthquake?

Solution.
2 1012 2
(a) Since 𝐸 = 1012 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔107.6 then, 𝑙𝑜𝑔107.6 = 7.6.
3 104.40 3
2
Thus 𝑅 = (7.6) ≈ 5.1
3
1012
(b) This earthquake releases 4.40 = 107.6 ≈ 39810717 times more energy than the
10
reference earthquake.
Sound Intensity
𝐼
In acoustics, the decibel (dB) level of a sound is 𝐷 = 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔 −12 where I is the sound
10
intensity in 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠⁄ 2 (the quantity 10−12 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠⁄ 2 is the least audible sound a human
𝑚 𝑚
can hear).

Example 2: The decibel level of sound in a quiet office is 10−6 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠⁄ 2 . (a) What is the
𝑚
corresponding sound intensity in decibels? (b) How much more intense is this sound than
the least audible sound a human can hear?
Solution.
10−6
(a) 𝐷 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 10 log 106 . Then log 106 = 6. Thus D = 10(6) = 60 decibels.
10−12
10−6
(b) This sound is −12 = 106 = 1,000,000 times more intense than the least audible
10
sound a human can hear.
Acidity and the pH scale
The pH level of a water-based solution is defined as 𝑝𝐻 = log[𝐻 + ], where [H+] is the
concentration of hydrogen ions per liter. Solutions with a pH of 7 are defined neutral;
those with pH < 7 are acidic, and those with pH > 7 are basic.
Example 3: A 1-liter solution contains 0.00001 moles of hydrogen ions. Find its pH level.

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Solution. Since there are 0.0001 moles of hydrogen ions in 1 liter, then the concentration
of hydrogen ions is 10−5 moles per liter.
The pH level is −𝑙𝑜𝑔10−5 . Then 𝑙𝑜𝑔10−5 = −5.
Thus 𝑝𝐻 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔10−5 = −(−5) = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑐.
Example: Evaluate each.
𝑎. log 2 32 2 to what power gives 32?
log 2 32 = 5 𝐵𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 25 = 32 (𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚)
𝑏. log 4 64 Solution. log 4 64 = 3
1
𝑐. log 25 5 Solution. log 25 5 =
2
Properties of Logarithm
𝐼𝑓 𝑏 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 ≠ 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
1. log 𝑏 1 = 0 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑏 0 = 1 4. log 𝑏 𝑥 = log 𝑏 𝑦 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑦
Examples: Examples:
0
𝑎. log 3 1 = 0 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 3 = 1 𝑎. log 4 2𝑥 = log 4 10
= 2𝑥 = 10 (𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑡𝑜 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦)
𝑏. log 4 1 = 0 𝑏. log 3 6𝑥 = log 3 12 = 6𝑥 = 12
log 𝑐
2. log 𝑏 𝑏 = 1 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑏1 = 𝑏 5. log 𝑎 𝑐 = 𝑏
log𝑏 𝑎
Examples: Examples:
𝑙𝑜𝑔 4
𝑎. log 2 2 = 1 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 21 = 2 𝑎. log 2 4 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
𝑙𝑜𝑔 9
𝑏. log 4 4 = 1 𝑏. log 3 9 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔 3
1
3. log 𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 log𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 6. log 𝑎 𝑏 =
log𝑏 𝑎
Examples: Examples:
1
𝑎. 3log3 15 = 15 𝑎. log 2 3 =
log3 2
1
𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑏. log 2 7 =
log7 2
𝑏. 2log2 4 = 4
Laws of Logarithm
Law 1. Logarithm of a Product: The logarithm of a product is equal to the sum of the
logarithms of its factors. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒙𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒚
Examples:
𝑎. log 3 (7 . 5)
= log 3 7 + log 3 5 Distribute log base 3 to 7 and 5.
𝑏. log 5 (12 . 2) = log 5 12 + log 5 2
Law 2. Logarithm of a Quotient: The logarithm of a quotient is equal to the logarithm of
𝒙
the numerator minus the logarithm of the denominator. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 ( ) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒙 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒚
𝒚
Examples:
8
𝑎. log 5
𝑥
= log 5 8 − log 5 𝑥 Distribute log base 5 to 8 and x.
4
𝑏. log 2 = log 2 4 − log 2 5
5
Law 3. Logarithm of a Power: The logarithm of a power 𝑥 𝑛 is equal to the product of the
exponent n and the logarithm of the base x. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒙𝒏 = 𝒏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒙
Examples:
𝑎. log 4 93

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= 3 log 4 9 put the exponent 3 to the left and copy logarithm of 9 base 4.
𝑏. log 2 82 = 2 log 2 8
Example: Write each sum or difference as a single logarithm.
𝑎. log (3𝑥 + 4) − log 𝑥 𝑏. 2 log 𝑥 + log(𝑥 + 2)
Solution.
3𝑥 + 4
𝑎. log (3𝑥 + 4) − log 𝑥 = log
𝑥
𝑏. 2 log 𝑥 + log(𝑥 + 2) = log 𝑥 2 + log(𝑥 + 2)
= log 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 2)
Example: Evaluate each.
𝑎. log 2 128 − log 2 8 𝑏. log 6 4 + log 6 54
Solution.
𝑎. log 2 128 − log 2 8
128
= log 2 Using Logarithm of a Quotient.
8
= log 2 16 = 4 Simplify.
𝑏. log 6 4 + log 6 54 = log 6 (4 . 54) = log 2 216 = 3
Example: Use a calculator to find each logarithm:
𝑎. log 53 𝑏. log 8 𝑐. log 248 000 000 000

Solution: Using a calculator.

𝑎. log 53 Using Calculator press the button log, 53 and then = sign.
= 1.72427587 Final answer.
𝑏. log 8 = 0.903089987
𝑐. log 248 000 000 000 = 11.394452
Common and Natural Logarithms
Definition: Common Logarithms are logarithms with base 10; log x is a short notation
for log10 𝑥.
Definition: Natural Logarithms are logarithms to the base e (approximately 2.71828),
are a denoted by “ln”. In other words, ln x is another way of writing log 𝑒 𝑥.

Properties and Laws of Logarithms

Common Natural
1. log 1 = 0 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 100 = 1 1. ln 1 = 0 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑒 0 = 1
2. log 10 = 1 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 101 = 10 2. ln 𝑒 = 1 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑒 1 = 𝑒

3. log 10𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10log 𝑥 = 𝑥 3. ln 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥

4. 𝐼𝑓 log 𝑥 = log 𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑦 4. 𝐼𝑓 ln 𝑥 = ln 𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑦
5. log 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑥 + log 𝑦 5. ln 𝑥𝑦 = ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
6. log = log 𝑥 − log 𝑦 6. ln = ln 𝑥 − ln 𝑦
𝑦 𝑦
7. log 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛 log 𝑥 7. ln 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛 ln 𝑥
Example: Evaluate each
𝑎. ln 𝑒 7 𝑏. 𝑒 ln 8 𝑐. ln 𝑒 − ln 1 𝑑. ln 𝑒 + ln 1
Solution.
𝑎. ln 𝑒 7 = 7 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 ln 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥
ln 8
𝑏. 𝑒 =8 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑐. ln 𝑒 − ln 1 = 1 − 0 = 1 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 ln 𝑒 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ln 1 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 1 − 0 = 1

5
𝑑. ln 𝑒 + ln 1 = 1 + 0 = 1 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 ln 𝑒 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ln 1 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 1 + 0 = 1
Example: Expand each logarithm.
√𝑥−3
𝑎. ln 𝑏. 2 ln 3𝑥 √𝑥 + 4
4
Solution.
√𝑥−3
𝑎. ln = ln √𝑥 − 3 − ln 4 Use the logarithm of quotient.
4
1
= ln(𝑥 − 3) − ln 4
2 Change the radical to exponent
1
= ln(𝑥 − 3) − ln 4 Put the exponent on the left side and copy the equation.
2
2
𝑏. 2 ln 3𝑥 √𝑥 + 4 = ln(3𝑥√𝑥 + 4)
= ln[9𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 4)]
= ln 9 + 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 2 + ln(𝑥 + 4)
= ln 9 + 2 ln 𝑥 + ln(𝑥 + 4)
Example: Condense each expression into a single logarithm.
1
𝑎. 7 ln(𝑥 + 3) − ln 𝑥 𝑏. ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑦
3
Solution.
𝑎. 7 ln(𝑥 + 3) − ln 𝑥 = ln(𝑥 + 3)7 − ln 𝑥 Use logarithm of power.
(𝑥+3)7
= ln Use logarithm of quotient.
𝑥
1 3 1 3
𝑏. ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑦 = ln( √𝑥 )𝑦 Change to radical, becomes √𝑥 then apply
3 3
logarithm of a product.
3
= ln 𝑦 √𝑥
Example: Use a calculator to evaluate each.
𝑎. ln 1953 𝑏. ln(−2.4) ln 36
Solution. Using a calculator.
𝑎. ln 1953 Using a calculator press the button ln, 1953 and = symbol.
= 7.57712 Final answer.
𝑏. ln(−2.4) = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
𝑐. ln 36 = 3.583519
Logarithmic Functions, Equations and Inequalities
The definitions of logarithmic equations, inequalities and functions are shown below.
Logarithmic Equation Logarithmic Logarithmic
Inequality Function
Definition An equation involving An inequality Function of the form
logarithms involving logarithmic 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑏 𝑥 (𝑏 >
inequality 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1).
Example a. log 𝑥 2 = 4 a. ln 𝑥 2 > (ln)2 𝑎. 𝑔(𝑥) = log 3 𝑥
b. log(4𝑥) = − log(3𝑥 + 5) 𝑏. 𝑥 log 2 (𝑥) − 1 > 0 𝑏. 𝑦 = 2 log 4 𝑥
𝑐. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥(𝑥 − 3) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑐. log 3 𝑥 + 2 < 0 𝑐. 𝑔(𝑥) = log 5 𝑥

A logarithmic equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the equation
or inequality. A logarithmic function expresses a relationship between two variables (such
as x and y) and can be represented by a table of values or a graph.

Solving Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

A logarithmic equation is an equation containing a variable in a logarithmic expression.

6
Example: Find the value of x in the following equations.
a. log 4 (2𝑥) = log 4 10
Solution.
log 4 (2𝑥) = log 4 10 Use one-to-one property.
2𝑥 = 10 Divide both side of the equation by 2.
𝑥=5 Final answer.
b. log 3 (2𝑥 − 1) = 2
Solution.
log 3 (2𝑥 − 1) = 2
2𝑥 − 1 = 32 Changing into exponential form.
2𝑥 − 1 = 9
2𝑥 = 10 Divide both side of the equation by 2.
𝑥=5
c. 4 ln 2𝑥 = 12
Solution.
ln 2𝑥 = 3 We obtain this by dividing 4 and 12 to 4.
𝑒 ln 2𝑥 = 𝑒 3 Change to exponential.
2𝑥 = 𝑒 3 Divide both sides by 2.
𝑒3
𝑥= raise e to 3 and divide it by 2.
2
𝑥 ≈ 10.04277
A logarithmic inequality is an inequality that involves logarithm.
Properties of Logarithmic Inequalities
𝐼𝑓 0 < 𝑏 < 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 log 𝑏 𝑥1 > log 𝑏 𝑥2 .
𝐼𝑓 𝑏 > 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 log 𝑏 𝑥1 < log 𝑏 𝑥2.
Example: Solve the following logarithmic inequalities.
𝑎. log 3 𝑥 ≤ 5
Solution.
𝑥 ≤ 35 Convert the log in exponential form.
𝑥 ≤ 243 Evaluate the power.
0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 243 Exclude 0 and all negative numbers.

𝑏. log 4 𝑥 ≥ 3
Solution.
𝑥 ≥ 43 Convert the log in exponential form.
𝑥 ≥ 64 Evaluate the power.
𝑐. log 5 (3𝑥 + 2) < log 5 (2𝑥 + 5)
Solution.
3𝑥 + 2 < 2𝑥 + 5 The bases are same, remove the logs from the inequality.
𝑥<3 Solve the inequality.
3𝑥 + 2 > 0 Find the values that are not included by setting each side of the
𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 + 5 > 0 given inequality greater than 0.
2 5
𝑥 > − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 > − Solve the inequality.
3 2
2
− <𝑥<3 Combine the inequalities.
3

7
 Let’s Apply

A. Direction: Rewrite the following exponential equations in logarithmic form whenever

possible.
1. 53 = 125 6. 40 = 1
2. 7−2 = 1/49 7. 7𝑏 = 21
2
3. 10 = 100 8. 𝑒 2 = 𝑥
2 2 4
4. ( ) = 9. (−2)2 = 4
3 9
5. (0.1)−4 = 10000 10. (−5)0 = 1
B. Direction: Change the following to exponential form.
1
1. 6 = log 2 64 6. log 7 = −2
49
2. 4 = log 8 𝑥 7. log 5 25 = 2
3. 3 = log 𝑏 27 8. log121 11 = 0.5
4. log 5 125 = 𝑚 9. log 2 16 = 4
1
5. log 3 = −5 10. log 7 400 = 𝑦
243
C. Direction: Expand each logarithmic expression. Whenever possible, evaluate each
logarithmic expression.
216
1. log 4 (12 . 3) 6. log 6
𝑦
𝑥 2 𝑦2
2. log 9 (9𝑥) 7. log 𝑏 2
𝑧
√𝑥
3. log (10,000 𝑥) 8. log 𝑏
(𝑦𝑧)2
8 𝑥𝑦
4. log 8 9. log 𝑏
𝑥 𝑧
𝑥 5 𝑥
5. log 10. log 𝑏 √
10000 𝑦

Let’s Analyze

A. Direction: Complete the following table.

Exponential Form Logarithmic Form
1. 24 = 16
2. 112 = 𝑥
3. 7𝑦 = 400
4. log 8 𝑥 = 4
5. 3 = log 𝑏 27
6. log 5 125 = 𝑡
7. 0.5 = log121 11
4
8. √16 = 2
9. 𝑏 3 = 343
10. 10−3 = 0.001

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B. Direction: Determine whether the given is a logarithmic function, a logarithmic equation,
a logarithmic inequality or neither. Explain your answer
1. log 3 (2𝑥 − 1) > log 3 𝑥 + 2 6. log 𝑥 9 = 3
2. h(x) = log 0.25 𝑥 7. log 2 (3𝑥 + 2) < log 2 𝑥 + 3
3. 2 + 𝑦 log 3 𝑥 8. f(x) = log 2 𝑥
4. log 3 (2𝑥 − 1) = 2 9. log 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔6
5. log 𝑥 2 = 2 10. 𝑥 = 2 log 4 𝑥

Let’s Evaluate

A. Direction: Evaluate each.

1. log 2 64 + log 2 16 4. log 2 8 − log 2 64 + 2 log 2 32
2. log 4 64 − log 4 4 5. 2 log 2 32 + log 2 256 + 3 log 2 16
3. log 3 9 + log 3 81 − log 3 27

B. Direction: Find the value/s of x in the following equations/inequalities.

1. log 15𝑥 = log 30 6. log 8 (3𝑥 − 5) < 2
2. log(3𝑥 − 2) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 7. log 4 (𝑥 + 1) < log 4 2𝑥
3. log 𝑥 121 = 2 8. −5 < 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 < 5
4. log 3 (9𝑥) − log 3 (𝑥 − 8) = 4 9. log 2 (3𝑥 + 5) ≥ log 2 (𝑥 − 9)
5. (log 5 𝑥)2 + 5 log 5 𝑥 + 6 = 0 10. log 𝑥 + log(𝑥 − 3) ≤ log 10

Let’s Create

Situation: You are a psychologist who works with the guidance office of a school. You
are tasked to look into the learning curves of students in Grade 11.

It is known that psychologist sometimes use the function

L(t) = A(1- e-kt)

to measure the amount L learned at time t . Here, A represents the amount to be learned,
and the number k measures the rate of learning.

Suppose that a student has some amount of vocabulary words to learn and has the ability
to learn a given number of minutes.

You are to find the time it will take the student to learn for these given amount of words at
a given rate. Complete the two-way table as follows.

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 20 words after 30 words after 40 words after
15min. 15min 15min
100 words to learn
200 words to learn
300 words to learn

You are to show the complete solutions for the findings you obtained. Use the concepts
studied in this unit.

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