Linear Equations

and Inequalities in
One Variable
 Pre Test:
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer:
1. _________ is a mathematical statement that shows two numbers are equal.
2. __________is any value of the variable that makes the equation a true
statement.
3. ____________are equations that have the same solutions.
4. ___________is equation that is satisfied by every number for which both
sides are defined.
5. ____________ is an equation that has no solution.
6. _____________ is an equation that has at least one solution but is not an
identity.
7. In the equation x + 6 = 12, the value of x is _________ .
8. In the equation 4x = 20, the value of x is _________.
9. In the equation x - 12 = 20, the value of x is _________.
10. In the equation 2x + 3 = x + 12, the value of x is _________.
 Pre Test:
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer:
1. _________ is a mathematical statement that shows two numbers are equal.equation
2. __________is any value of the variable that makes the equation a true statement. root
3. ____________are equations that have the same solutions. equivalent
4. ___________is equation that is satisfied by every number for which both sides are
defined. identity
5. ____________ is an equation that has no solution. inconsistent
6. _____________ is an equation that has at least one solution but is not an identity.
conditional
7. In the equation x + 6 = 12, the value of x is _________ . x = 6
8. In the equation 4x = 20, the value of x is _________. x = 5
9. In the equation x - 12 = 20, the value of x is _________. x = 32
10. In the equation 2x + 3 = x + 12, the value of x is _________. x = 9
● In Mathematics, an equation is a statement that the
two numbers or two expressions are equal.
● In the equation x + 3 = 5. The expression x + 3 is
called the left hand side and 5 is called the right hand
side.
● The value that makes the equation true is called root
or solution to the equation.
● Examples of equations.
x + 4 = 12
x - 7 = 21
2x - 3 = 11
2x + 6 = 0
-3x + 5 = -9
2x - 6 = x - 10
½ x + 5 = ⅓ x -21
Different Types of Equations
a. Equivalent equations - equations that have the same solutions.
Examples: x + 3 = 12 and 3x = 27
x - 5 = 10 and x = 15
2x = 20 and x - 10 = 0
b. Identity equations - satisfied by every number for which both
sides are defined.
Examples: x + x = 2x
4x - x = 3x
5x - 2x = 10x - 7x
c. Inconsistent equations - no solution
Examples: x = x + 2
3x = 3x -8
4x = 4x - 13
d. Conditional equations - equation that has at least one solution
but not an identity.
Examples: 2x = 50
X + 5 = 12
Properties Of Equality
Let x, y , and z be any real number.

Property Symbols Meaning

Addition Property of If x = y, then x + z = y + z Equals may be added on both sides

Equality (APE) of the equation.

Subtraction Property If x = y, then x - z = y - z Equals may be subtracted from both

of Equality (SPE) sides of the equation.

Multiplication If x = y, then xz = yz Both sides of the equation may be

Property of Equality multiplied by equals.
MPE)

Division Property of If x = y, and z ≠ 0,then x/z = Both sides of the equals may be
Equality (DPE) y/z. divided by a non-zero real number.

Substitution Law If x + y = z, and x = y, then y Equals may be substituted for

+ y = z or x + x = z equals.
Let us try this!
Is the number in the parentheses a solution of the
given equation? Write YES or NO.

1. a + 9 = 12 (21)
2. 8 + b = 30 (22)
3. -7c = -3 (4)
4. 3d + 15 = 3 (-4)
5. 4e - 8 = 3e - 4 (4)
6. 12 ÷ f = -12 (-1)
7. 11g = -77 (-7)
8. 4.8 - h = 3.9 (0.9)
9. 8j - 2 = -10 (-1)
10. 4k -1 = 11 (3)
Let us try this!
Is the number in the parentheses a solution of the
given equation? Write YES or NO.

1. a + 9 = 12 (21) NO
2. 8 + b = 30 (22) YES
3. -7c = -3 (4) NO
4. 3d + 15 = 3 (-4) YES
5. 4e - 8 = 3e - 4 (4) YES
6. 12 ÷ f = -12 (-1) YES
7. 11g = -77 (-7) YES
8. 4.8 - h = 3.9 (0.9) YES
9. 8j - 2 = -10 (-1) YES
10. 4k -1 = 11 (-3) NO
What is the difference
between algebraic
expressions and
equations?
Solving Equations using
Addition or Subtraction
Solving Equation Algebraically
Solve each equation:
1. x + 5 = 11 Your goal is to isolate x
x + 5 - 5 = 11 -5
x=6
Check by substituting 6 for the variable in the given equation.
6 + 5 = 11
11 = 11
2. 15 = a + 8 Your goal is to isolate a.
15 - 8 = a + 8 - 8
7=a
3. y - 2 = 6 Your goal is to isolate y.
y-2+2=6+2
y=8
Matching Type. Match column A with column B.

Column A Column B
1. x + 3 = -6 a. 14
2. -7 + x = -10 b. -14 Instagram
Venus is beautiful
3. x +12 = 7 c. -5
4. x - 2.5 = 4 d. -9
5. a + 12 = 26 e. -3
Facebook
Mars is a cold place
6. b + 30 = 16 f. 11
7. -8 + c = -5 g. 6.5 Behance
8. d - 15 = -4 h. 3 Saturn has rings
9. f+5=5 i. 0
10. k - 12 = -20 j. -8
Quick Exercise:

1. To solve x + 8 = 12, _______ 8 from both sides of the

equation.
2. To solve x - 8 = 12, ______8 on both sides of the equation.
3. To solve x + 4 = 2x, ______ x from both sides of the
equation.
4. To solve -2x -5 = -x, _______ x on both sides of the
equation.
5. The solution to x -5 = 10 is ______.
Quick Exercise:

1. To solve x + 8 = 12, _______ 8 from both sides of the

equation. subtract
2. To solve x - 8 = 12, ______8 on both sides of the equation.
add
3. To solve x + 4 = 2x, ______ x from both sides of the
equation. subtract
4. To solve -2x -5 = -x, _______ x on both sides of the
equation. add
5. The solution to x -5 = 10 is ______. 15
More examples:
Solve the following equations:
1. 2x + 5 = x Transpose
2x - x = - 5 Simplify
x=-5 verify
Checking:
2(-5) + 5 = -5
-10 + 5 = -5
-5 = -5
2. -4x + 6 = -3x - 3
-4x + 3x = -3 - 6
-x = -9
x=9
Checking: -4(9) + 6 = -3(9) - 3
-36 + 6 = -27 - 3
-30 = -30
3. 4x - 5 + 9 = 3x + 4 + 6
4x + 4 = 3x +10
4x - 3x = 10 - 4
x=6
Checking: 4( 6) - 5 +9 = 3(6) + 4 +6
24 +4 = 18 +10
28 = 28
4. The sum of a number and 30 is -5. Find the number.
x + 30 = -5
x = -5 -30
x = -35
5. A number increased by -3 is 12. What is the number?
x + (-3) = 12
x = 12 + 3
x = 15
Solving Equations using
Multiplication or Division
Solving Equations:

1. 8x = 72 Given
8x = 72 divide both sides by 8
8 8
x=9 simplify
Check: 8(9) = 72
72 = 72
2. x = 8
6
6⸳x =8⸳6
6
x = 48
Check: 48 = 8
6
8=8
3. 4 + 3x = -2x +19
3x + 2x = 19 - 4
5x = 15
5x = 15
5 5
x=3
Check: 4 + 3(3) = -2(3) + 19
4 + 9 = - 6 + 19
13 = 13

4. 3(x -2) = 2(x+5)

3x - 6 = 2x + 10
3x - 2x = 10 + 6
x = 16
Check: 3(16 -2) = 2(16 + 5)
3(14) = 2(21)
42 = 42
LINEAR INEQUALITIES
Mnemonic for less than and greater than

< a mouth that eats the larger number

> an alligator that is notoriously hungry to eat

larger numbers
Symbols Read as

≠ Is not equal to

> Is greater than / is more than / exceeds

≯ Is not greater than

< Is less than / fewer than

≮ Is not less than

≥ Is greater than or equal to / is at least

≱ Is not greater than or not equal to

≤ Is less than or equal to / is at most

≰ Is not less than or not equal to

Everyday phrases translation inequality

At most 40 kph The speed is less than or equal to 40 kph. s ≤ 40

Below 5 yrs old The age is less than 5 years. a<5

At least 8 glasses The number of glasses is less than or equal to 8. g≥8

Between P300 & P500 P300 is less than the amount & the amount is less than P500. 300 < a < 500
Write each of the following using mathematical symbols.
a. Eight times a number a is not greater than seventy - two.
b. Fifteen times each number p increased by two is not less than twenty.
c. Thrice a number b is greater than or equal to twelve and less than or
equal to forty.
d. At least twenty guests g attended the party.
e. Ten times each number e is not equal to one hundred.
Answers:
a. 8 a ≯ 72
b. 15p + 2 ≮ 20
c. 12 ≤ 3b ≤ 40
d. g ≥ 20
e. 10e ≠ 100
Solutions to inequality
Tell whether the given number is a solution of the given inequality
or not.
a. s ≤ 40 : 30, 40, 45
b. 300 < a 500 : 400, 200, 600
In all cases, replace the variable with the given values.
a. s ≤ 40
30 ≤ 40 true, 30 is a solution
40 ≤ 40 true , 40 is a solution
45 ≤ 40 false, 45 is not a solution
b. 300 ＜ a ＜500
300 ＜ 400 ＜ 500 true, 400 is a solution
300 < 200 false, 200 is not a solution
600 < 500 false, 600 is not a solution
Try these:
Tell whether the given number is a solution of the
given inequality or not:
a. a < 5 : 2, 6, 3

b. g > 8 : 3, 10, 15
Try these:
Tell whether the given number is a solution of the
given inequality or not:
a. a < 5 : 2, 6, 3
2 < 5, yes
6 < 5, no
3 < 5, yes

b. g > 8 : 3, 10, 15
3 > 8, no
10 > 8, yes
15 > 8, yes
Solving Linear inequality
Solve each inequality :
a. x + 11 > 17
x + 11 - 11 > 17 -11
x>6
b. 4x ≤ 32
4x/4 ≤ 32/4
x≤8
c. 15 - 6y > 51
-6y > 51 - 15
-6y > 36
-6 -6
y<-6
More examples:
d. a + 5 ≥ - 2
a+5-5≥-2-5
a≥-7
e. b + 12 ≤ -12
b + 12 - 12 ≤ - 12 - 12
b ≤ - 24
f. 5h + 8 ≥ 10h - 12
5h - 10h ≥ - 12 - 8
-5h ≥ - 20
-5 -5
h≤4
Real - Life Application
Robin has the scores 73, 75 and 79 on three exams.
What score does he need on the last exam to get an
average of of no less than 80? ( Tip - no less than ➡ ≥ )
Let x = the score on the fourth exam
73 + 75 + 79 + x ≥ 80
4
227 + x ≥ 80 multiply both sides by 4
4
227 + x ≥ 320
x ≥ 93
To get an average of 80, Robin must score 93 or better
on the last exam.
Solving Linear Inequalities:
1. Simplify both sides of the inequality as needed.
a. Distribute to clear parentheses.
b. Clear fractions or decimals by multiplying it by the
LCD,
c. Combine like terms.

2. Use the addition property so that all variable terms

are on one side of the inequality and all constants are
on the other side. Then combine like terms.
3. Use the multiplication property to clear any remaining
coefficient. If you multiply/ divide both sides by a
negative number, reverse the direction of the
inequality symbol.
Graphing an Inequality:
1. If the symbol allows for inequality (≥ or ≤ ), draw a solid
circle on the number line at the indicated number. If the
symbol does not allow for equality (> or <), draw an open
circle on the number line at the indicated number.
2. If the variable is greater than the indicated number, shade
the area on the right side of the indicated number. If the
variable is less than the indicated number, shade the area on
the left side of the indicated number.
Inequalities from Graphs
Three steps ( BVI)
1. Boundary - know your boundary
2. Value - identify the value
3. Inequality - write the inequality