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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Quarter 1 Week 2 Module 6

Learning Competency:

Finds the domain and range of a rational function. M11GM-Ib-5

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE?

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside

other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the
lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have
fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and

instructions indicated in every page of this
module.

2. Write on your notebook the concepts about

the lessons. Writing enhances learning,
that is important to develop and keep in mind.

3. Perform all the provided activities in the

module.

4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your

answers using the answer key card.

5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply

what you have learned.

6. Enjoy studying!
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Parts of the Module

• Expectations - These are what you will be able
to know after completing the lessons in the
module.

• Pre-test - This will measure your prior

knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.

• Looking Back - This section will measure what

learnings and skills that you understand from
the previous lesson.

• Brief Introduction- This section will give you

an overview of the lesson.

• Activities - These are activities designed to

develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without
a partner depending on the nature of the
activity.

• Remember - This section summarizes the

concepts and applications of the lessons.

• Checking your Understanding - It will verify

how you learned from the lesson.

• Post-test - This will measure how much you

have learned from the entire module.
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LESSON Domain and Range of Rational

9 Function

EXPECTATIONS

- You will be able to finds the domain and range of a rational

function.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

 Define domain and range of the rational function;
 Find the domain of the rational function; and,
 Find the range of the rational function.
PRETEST
Let us start your journey in
learning more on finding the domain
and range of rational function. I am
sure you are ready and excited to
answer the Pretest. Smile and Enjoy!

Analyze the following questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following terms defined as the set of all values that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
will take?
A. Domain B. Range C. Asymptote D. Intercept
2. Which of the following terms defined as the set of all values that the
variable 𝑥𝑥 can take?
A. Domain B. Range C. Asymptote D. Intercept
−5
3. Given 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = , which of the following is the domain of the function?
𝑥𝑥+2
A. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 = 2} B. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 = −5} C. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ −2} D. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ 5}
−5
4. Given 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = , which of the following is the range of the function?
𝑥𝑥+2
−5
A. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 = 2} B. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 = 0} C. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ −2} D. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ }
2
2𝑥𝑥−3
5. Given 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = , which of the following is the range of the function?
3𝑥𝑥+6
2 1
A. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 = 2} B. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ } C. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ −2} D. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 = }
3 2

Great, you finished

answering the questions. You
may request your facilitator to
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON check your work.
Congratulations and keep on
learning!

Before going further, let us try to recall about rational function. A

𝑷𝑷(𝒙𝒙)
rational function of the form 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = where 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) and 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) are polynomial
𝑸𝑸(𝒙𝒙)
function and 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) is not the zero function (𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) ≠ 0).
Why is it important for the denominator part of the rational function
must not a zero function?
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BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Domain of a function is the set of all the values that the variable x
can take or the set of values for which the function is defined. This can be
done by equating the denominator to zero to solve for x.
Range of a function is the set of all values that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) will take.
The domain and range of a function can be written in two ways:
Set Notation: {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ 1}
Interval Notations: (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, +∞)
4
Example 1. Consider the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = , find the domain and its range.
𝑥𝑥+2
Solution:
4
To get the domain of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = , equate the denominator to 0 to solve for 𝑥𝑥.
𝑥𝑥+2
𝑥𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑥𝑥 + 2 + (−2) = 0 + (−2) Applying APE (Addition Property of Equality)
𝑥𝑥 = −2, observe that the function become undefined
at 𝑥𝑥 = −2.
This means that 𝑥𝑥 = −2 is not included as the domain of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥).
Writing it in set notation we have: {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ −2}
Writing it in interval notation we have: (−∞, −2) ∪ (−2, +∞)
𝟒𝟒
To get the range of 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = , we first graph the function.
𝒙𝒙+𝟐𝟐

Based on the graph, the range of the function is {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ | 𝑦𝑦 ≠ 0}

𝑥𝑥 2 −6𝑥𝑥+8
Example 2. Give the domain and range of 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 2 −3𝑥𝑥−4
𝑥𝑥
Solution:
𝑥𝑥 2 −6𝑥𝑥+8
To get the domain of 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 2 −3𝑥𝑥−4, equate the denominator to zero to solve
𝑥𝑥
for 𝑥𝑥. However, factor first the numerator and denominator to get
𝑥𝑥 2 −6𝑥𝑥+8 (𝑥𝑥−2)(𝑥𝑥−4)
(𝑥𝑥 ) = → , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −1, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 4
𝑥𝑥 2 −3𝑥𝑥−4 (𝑥𝑥+1)(𝑥𝑥−4)
For all values except 𝑥𝑥 = 4, the graph of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is the same as the graph of
(𝑥𝑥 − 2)
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥 ) =
(𝑥𝑥 + 1)
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The graph of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) will be the same as the graph of 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥), except that it will
1
have an open circle at (4, ) to show that it is undefined at 𝑥𝑥 = 4.
2
Writing in the set notation, the domain of the function is {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ −1}
Writing in the interval notation, we have: (−∞, − 1) ∪ (−1, + ∞)
(𝑥𝑥−2)
Based on graph, the range of the function 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥 ) = is {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ | 𝑦𝑦 ≠ 1}.
(𝑥𝑥+1)
5𝑥𝑥 2 +1
Example 3. Consider the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = , find the domain and its
2𝑥𝑥 2
range.
Solution:
5𝑥𝑥 2 +1
To get the domain of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = , equate the denominator to 0 to solve for 𝑥𝑥.
2𝑥𝑥 2
1 1
2𝑥𝑥 2 = 0 → {2𝑥𝑥 2 = 0} Applying MPE (Multiplication Property of Equality)
2 2
2
Simplify
𝑥𝑥 = 0
observe that the function become undefined
𝑥𝑥 = 0,
at 𝑥𝑥 = 0.
This means that 𝑥𝑥 = 0 is not included as the domain of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥).
Writing it in set notation we have: {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0}
Writing it in interval notation we have: (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, +∞)
5𝑥𝑥 2 +1
To get the range of 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = , we first graph the function.
2𝑥𝑥 2

5𝑥𝑥 2 +1 5
Based on graph, the range of the function 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = is {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ | 𝑦𝑦 ≠ }.
2𝑥𝑥 2 2

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Find the domain and range of the following rational functions.
6 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 3 −1
1. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 2. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = 3. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) =
𝑥𝑥−5 𝑥𝑥 2 −5𝑥𝑥+6 𝑥𝑥 2
5𝑥𝑥−2 3𝑥𝑥
4. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 5. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) =
𝑥𝑥 5𝑥𝑥−1
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Activity 2. Find the domain and range of the given graph.

1.

2.

3.

Activity 3. TRUE or FALSE.

2𝑥𝑥+7 7
1. The domain of the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = is all real number except − .
𝑥𝑥 2
2. The range of the function is the set of all values that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) will take.
3. In a rational function, the denominator must not be a zero function.
5𝑥𝑥 2 −6 5
4. The range of the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = is all real number except .
3𝑥𝑥 2 3
5. The domain of the function is the set of all the values that the variable
x can take or the set of values for which the function is defined.

REMEMBER
To get the domain of the rational function, just equate the denominator
to zero to solve for x. Meanwhile, finding the range of the function needs the
function to be graph first. Both the domain and range can be written in a set
notation or interval notation form of writing.
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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1
Find the domain and range of the function 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = .
𝑥𝑥 3

POSTTEST

Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
15
1. Given 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = , which of the following is the domain of the function?
𝑥𝑥+9
A. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 = 9} B. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 = 15} C. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ −9} D. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ 15}
3𝑥𝑥−3
2. Given 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = , which of the following is the range of the function?
2𝑥𝑥+6
3 3
A. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 = 3} B. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 = } C. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ −3} D. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ }
2 2
3𝑥𝑥+8
3. Given 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = , which of the following is the domain of the function?
𝑥𝑥
A.{𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 = 3} B. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 = 0} C. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0} D. {𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ 3}
3𝑥𝑥+8
4. Given 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = , which of the following is the range of the function?
𝑥𝑥
A. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 = 3} B. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 = 0} C. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ 0} D. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ 3}
2𝑥𝑥 2 −8𝑥𝑥+8
5. Given 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = , which of the following is the range of the
𝑥𝑥 2 −4
function?
A. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ 2} B. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 = 0} C. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ 0} D. {𝑦𝑦 𝜖𝜖 ℝ|𝑦𝑦 = 2}

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

One of the very good examples of a function is the use of computer.

Computer is one of the technologies first invented by William Oughtred in
1622, also known as Abacus. However, Charles Babbage, a British
Mathematician, conceived a computer that is closer to the one we are using
now a days. But for the computer to have an output, an input command must
be carried out first.

Give at least three real-life examples in which the input-output process

is enhanced.
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E-SITES

To further explore the concept learned today and if it possible to connect the
internet, you may visit the following links:

https://www.ixl.com/math/precalculus

REFERENCES

DepEd. (2016). General Mathematics - Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press Inc.

Banigon Jr, R. et al. (2016). General Mathematics for Senior High School.
Educational Resources Corporation. Cubao, Quezon City
Orines, F. B. (2016). Next Century Mathematics 11 General Mathematics.
Phoenix Publishing House.
Stewart, J., Redlin, L., & Watson, S., (2002). Precalculus Mathematics for
Calculus 4th. Brooks/Cole.

Acknowledgements

Writer: Lito B. Diaz – MT II

Editor: Dr. John Rainier Rizardo, Master Teacher II

Reviewer: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math

Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George G. Borromeo, PSDS

Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools

Division Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief
Education Supervisor Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady
Hannah C Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS
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ANSWER KEY

PRETEST:
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON:
When the denominator a rational function become a zero function, the
expression will become undefined.
ACTIVITIES:
Activity 1:
1. Domain: All real numbers except 5 Range: All real numbers except 0
2. Domain: All real numbers except 2 & 3 Range: All real numbers
3. Domain: All real numbers except 0 Range: All real numbers
4. Domain: All real numbers except 0 Range: All real numbers except 0
5. Domain: All real numbers except 1/5 Range: All real numbers except
3/5
Activity 2:
1. D: {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ −3} R: {𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ 1}
2. D: {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ −3 & 3} R: {𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ 3}
3. D: {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ −2} R: {𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ 0}
Activity 3:
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. True
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:
D: {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0} R: {𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≠ 0}
POSTTEST
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A