11

PRE-CALCULUS
LEARNER'S ACTIVITY SHEET
Quarter 2 – Week 1:
Illustrate the unit circle and
the relationship between the
linear and angular measures of
a central angle in a unit circle
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Learner's Activity Sheet
Quarter 2 – Week 1: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the
linear and angular measures of a central angle in a unit circle
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Writer: Jennifer Bardaje
Editors:
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:

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Roberto N. Mangaliman
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 LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET IN PRE-CALCULUS
FOR QUARTER 2, WEEK 1-2

Name:__________________________________ Grade & Section: ______________________

School: _________________________________ Teacher: ______________________________

Competencies:
1. Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and angular
measures of a central angle in a unit circle STEM_PC11T-IIa-1
2. Convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa STEM_PC11T-IIa-2
3. Illustrate angles in standard position and coterminal angles STEM_PC11T-IIa-3

General Reminders: Use this activity sheet with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the activity sheet. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. Read the
directions carefully before doing each task. Return this activity sheet to your teacher/facilitator
once you are through with it.

Explore (Review and Motivation)

Unit circle plays an important role in the field of Mathematics particularly in Precalculus.
It is a basic tool that would help us understand trigonometry and its function. Many profession-
like engineers, architectures, surveyors, soldiers, pilots, designers, landscapers, and many more
which uses the topic angles and its applications in several problems they encounter in their
profession while performing their task.

In this lesson, we will illustrate what is a unit circle, the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of a central angle, converting degree measure to radian and vice versa and
illustrating angles in standard position and the coterminal angles.
Activity 1:
Materials needed:

plain paper plates

colored pens
scissors
colored/construction papers
protractor
pencil

Procedure:

1. Fold the paper plate in half two times

2. Trace the fold with a black pen and label its axes as the x and y-axis.
3. Since we’re creating a unit circle, keep in mind that the radius is equal to 1 unit. Label the
paper with the coordinates and degrees such as (1,0), (0,1), (-1,0), (0,-1) and 00,900,1800,
2700 and 3600 respectively.
4. Fold the plates along the diagonals, so that the 00 line touches the 900. Do the same with
all of the quadrant.
5. Trace the folded line with a different colored pen. Label the angles formed in degrees. Use
your protractor for measuring. (Hint: Angles formed: 45°, 135°, 225°, 315°)
6. Using a protractor, make a 45-45-90 triangle in a construction paper then cut. Determine
its legs (Recall: SOHCAHTOA and r=1). Label the triangle with its legs measure.
7. Trace this triangle in the unit circle paper plate. Use this triangle to find the coordinate
points of all the new colored lines.
8. Again, use a protractor to measure a 300,1500,2100, and 3300 and make a tiny mark. Trace
a line with a different colored pen from the mark to the origin of the circle.
9. Do step 6 – 7 with a 30-60-90 A triangle.
10. Again, use a protractor to measure a 600,1200,2400, and 3000
and make a tiny mark. Trace a line with a different colored pen
from the mark to the origin of the circle.
11. Do step 6 – 7 with a 30-60-90 B triangle.
12. Complete all the labels
13. Output made will look like the figure on the right.
 Learn (What is it/Discussion of the Topic)

A "unit circle" is a type of circle where the origin of the rectangular coordinate
system is found at the center and the radius should be always equal to 1 unit. Since the
equation of a circle is denoted as x2 + y2 = r2 then the equation of a unit circle will be x2 +
y2 = 1

3D view created from GeoGebra

The coordinates of a unit circle must satisfy the defined equation which is x2 + y2 = 1 if not
then it will be consider as outside the unit circle. These points includes (1,0), (0,1), (-1,0) and
(0,-1).

1 1
Example 1.1 We consider a point ( , − ), identify if the point is on, inside or outside the unit
2 2

circle.

Solution:

Using the equation x2 + y2 = 1 we have,

x2 + y2 = 1

1 1 1 1 1 1
( )2 + (− )2 = + = , since is less than 1 then the point is inside the unit circle.
2 2 4 4 2 2

A central angle is an angle whose vertex rests on the center of a circle and its sides are
radii of the same circle. Suppose we draw a central angle t from point A (1,0) to point P (x,y), then
this will generate an arc s that corresponds to a central angle t whose measure (In calculus radians
measure is preferably used) is equal to the length of the arc.
 A central angle of a circle measures one degree, written
1
1°, if it intercepts of the circumference of the circle.
360
1
One minute written 1’, is , while one second, written
60
1
in 1’’, is of 1’.
60

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-algebra/chapter/trigonometric-functions-and-
the-unit-circle/

If the point which moves from (1,0) terminates at (0,1), then the length of the arc generated
𝜋 𝜋
by the point is units and the measure of the central angle t is also equal to or equivalent to 900.
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
Similarly, if the point terminates at , then the length of the arc is units and the measure of the
4 4
𝜋
central angle is or 450.
4

1
A central angle of a circle measures one degree, written 1°, if it intercepts of the circumference
360
1 1
of the circle. One minute written 1’, is , while one second, written in 1’’, is of 1’.
60 60

Example 1.2. In degrees, minutes, and seconds,

18
10°30′ 18′′ = 10°(30 + )′
60
= 10°30.3′
30.3
= (10 + )°
60
= 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟓°
and
79. 251° = 79°(0.251 × 60)′
= 79°15.06′
= 79°15′ (0.06 × 60)′′
= 𝟕𝟗°𝟏𝟓′ 𝟔′′
Converting Degree to Radian and Vice Versa

Degrees and radians are the two most commonly used units of measurement for angles.
Since a unit circle has circumference 2𝜋, a central angle that measures 3600 has measure
equivalent to 2𝜋 radians. Thus, we obtain the following conversion rules.
𝜋
1. To convert a degree measure to radian, multiply it by
180

180
2. To convert a radian measure to degree, multiply it by
𝜋

A unit circle is a circle with a radius of 1, and it is used to show certain common angles (in
degrees and radians and coordinates.

https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/43200/43217/unit-circle9_43217.htm

Example 1.3. Convert 350 and 2300 measures to radians (rad)

Solution:

𝜋 𝟕𝝅
a. 350 = 350 ( )= rad
1800 𝟑𝟔
𝜋 𝟐𝟑𝝅
b. 2300 = 0
230 ( 0 ) = rad
180 𝟏𝟖
 𝜋 2𝜋
Example 1.4. Express and radians to degree measure.
5 3

𝜋 𝜋 1800
a. 5
= (
5 𝜋
) = 𝟑𝟔𝟎
2𝜋 2𝜋 1800
b. 3
=
3
(
𝜋
) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎

Angles in the Standard Position, Coterminal Angles and Reference Angles

The positioning of an angle is called the standard position. It is in standard position when
the initial side coincides with the positive x-axis and the vertex of the angle is located at the origin
of the rectangular coordinate. The initial side of an angle is the ray where the measurement of
an angle starts. The terminal side of an angle is the ray where the measurement of an angle
ends. Two angles in standard position are shown below.

https://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/DevelopmentalMath/COURSE_TEXT2_RESOURCE
/U19_L1_T3_text_final.html

The one on the left goes counterclockwise and is defined to be a positive angle. The one on
the right goes clockwise and is defined to be a negative angle. If you used a protractor to measure
the angles, you would get 50° in both cases. We refer to the first one as a 50° angle, and we refer

to the second one as a angle.

Two angles in the standard position that have the same terminal side are called coterminal
angles. Figure below shows two angles that are coterminal.
 Two angles are coterminal if and only if their
degree measures differ by 360k, where k € Z.

Similarly, two angles are coterminal if and only if

their radian measures differ by 2πk, where k € Z.

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/coterminal.html
Coterminal angles of a given angle θ may be obtained by either adding or subtracting a
multiple of 360° or 2π radians. Two angles are coterminal if the difference between them is a
multiple of 360° or 2π.

Coterminal of θ = θ + 360° × k if θ is given in degrees,

Coterminal of θ = θ + 2π × k if θ is given in radians, where k is any integer

Example 1.5. Solve the following

a. Determine if – 410°, 180° pairs of angles are coterminal

b. Find two positive angles that are coterminal with an angle that measures 60 0.
c. Find one positive angle and one negative angle that are coterminal with an angle measuring
5𝜋
.
6

d. Find the angle coterminal with −4200 that has measure between −3600 and 00.
Solution:

a. –410° – 180° = –590°, which is not a multiple of 360°

So, –410° and 180° are not coterminal angles.
b. 600 + 3600 (1) = 600 + 3600 = 4200
600 + 3600 (2) = 600 + 7200 = 7800
5𝜋 5𝜋 12𝜋 17𝜋
c. + 2𝜋(1) = + =
6 6 6 6
5𝜋 5𝜋 12𝜋 7𝜋
+ 2𝜋(−1) = − =−
6 6 6 6

d. Note: A negative angle moves in a clockwise direction, so – 4200 will be found in the fourth
quadrant, then the angle would be,
– 4200 + 3600 = – 600
 Practice Exercises/Activity
Activity 2: Complete the Unit Circle Chart with the necessary angle measures in degree and
radians and its specific coordinates

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/857865429007872171/

Activity 3:
Determine if each of the following points is on, inside, or outside the unit circle. Write A if the
point is on the unit circle, B if it is inside the unit circle, and C if it is outside the unit circle.
Show solutions to verify your answer.

1 1
1. (− , − )
2 2

2. (1, - 1)
 √3 1
3. ( , )
2 2

√2 √2
4. (− , )
2 2
1
5. ( , 1)
2

Activity 4: Convert the following degree measure to radians and vice versa. Show your solution.

1. 450
2. 2250
3. 3200
4. – 2700
5. – 1080
5𝜋
6. radians
6
7𝜋
7. radians
4
𝜋
8. − radians
4
11𝜋
9. − radians
18
2𝜋
10. radians
9

Activity 5:

A. Find the least positive and the greatest negative coterminal angles of the following angle
measures.

1. – 250
2. 1100
11𝜋
3. radians
6
5𝜋
4. − radians
4

B. Find the angle between 00 and 3600 (if in degrees) or between 0 rad and 2𝜋 rad (if in radians)
that is coterminal with the given angle.

5. – 4200
5𝜋
6. radians
4

7. 600
 C. Find the angle between – 3600 and 00 (if in degrees) or between − 2𝜋 rad and 0 rad (if in
radians) that is coterminal with the given angle.

8. 1500
11𝜋
9. − radians
6

10. – 450

Engage (What I Learned/Generalizations)

Matching Type: Match Column A with the correct answer on Column B. Write the
letter of the correct answer on the space provided before its number.

Column A Column B

___1. It is an angle whose vertex rests on the A. Circle

center of a circle and its sides are radii of the B. Terminal side of an

same circle. angle

___2. x2 + y2 = r2 C. 3600

10𝜋
___3. An acute angle formed by a terminal side D.
3

19𝜋
of a given angle in the standard position and E.
36

the x-axis. F. Central angle

___4. An angle obtained by either adding or G. Unit Circle

subtracting a multiple of 360° or 2π radians. H. Coterminal angle

___5. 2𝜋 express in degrees is equal to ___ I. 370

___6. What is the positive angle that are co- J. Reference angle

4𝜋
terminal with an angle that measure ? K. Initial side of an
3
___7. Convert 950 in radians angle

___8. x2 + y2 = 1

___9. The given angle is 370 measure, what

Is the reference angle?

___10. It is the ray where the measurement of

an angle ends.

Apply (What I Can Do)

Performance Task:

In the future, you will pursue a career in a motorcycle manufacturing company as a

designer. The unit head of the production team instructed the design team to create a new design
of wheel and ask to submit a proposal.

The proposal must consider the following standards:

1. The number of spokes ranges from 5 to 12

2. Distance of each spoke should be equal
3. Indicate the exact distance in radians of one spoke to the other. The distance is measured
from the center of the end of one spoke to the center of the end of the next spoke.
The design will be drawn on a clean legal-size bond paper. Include a brief description or highlights
of the features of the design (ex. material to used)

Sample output

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/set-wheels-
motorcycles-339248693
 Post Test

1
1. Which of the following is true about P (− , 1)?
4
a. P is on the unit circle c. P is outside the unit circle
b. P is inside the unit circle d. P is at the center of the unit circle
2. Which of the following is not a point on the unit circle?
√2 √2 1 √3
a. ( ,− ) c. ( , )
2 2 2 2
√3 √2 √3 1
b. ( ,− ) d. (− , − )
2 2 2 2
5𝜋
3. Which of the following is equal to ?
6
a. 60˚ c. 210 ˚
b. 150 ˚ d. 330 ˚
4. What is 330 ˚ in radians?
11
a. 𝜋
6
5
b. 𝜋
6
11
c. 𝜋
2
5
d. 𝜋
2
𝜋
5. What is − in degree?
6
a. -20 ˚ c. -40 ˚
b. -30 ˚ d. -50 ˚
6. Which of these is not a pair of coterminal angle?
a. 10˚, 370˚ c. -400˚, -40˚
b. -600˚, -60˚ d. -520˚, 200˚
7. Which of the following angles is coterminal with an angle of 45˚?
a. 405˚ c. -305˚
b. 705˚ d. none
8. Find the angle between 0˚ and 360˚ that is coterminal with the angle of 685˚?
a. -35˚ c. -325˚
b. 325˚ d. 35˚
9. Find the angle between -360˚ and 0˚ that is coterminal with the angle of 685˚?
a. -35˚ c. -325˚
b. 325˚ d. 35˚
10. Two angles in standard position that have common terminal side are called _______+>
a. terminal side c. reference angle
b. central angle d. coterminal angle
11. A _______ of the unit circle that intercepts an arc of the circle with length 1 unit is said to
have measure of one radian.
a. terminal side c. central angle
b. reference angle d. coterminal angle
29
12. Find the angle between -2π rad and 0 rad that is coterminal with the angle of 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑?
6
7 7
a. − 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 c. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
6 6
3 𝜋
b. − 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 d. 𝑟𝑎𝑑
2 2
 29𝜋
13. Find the angle between 0 rad and 2π rad that is coterminal with the angle of 𝑟𝑎𝑑?
6
7 3
a. − 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 c. − 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
6 2
7 𝜋
b. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 d. 𝑟𝑎𝑑
6 2

14. Find the angle between 0 degree and 360 degrees that is coterminal with the angle of -
1400 degree?
a. 40˚ c. -320˚
b. 50˚ d. -269˚
15. Find the angle between 0 degree and 360 degrees that is coterminal with the angle of -20
rad.?
a. 4.13 rad c. 3.13 rad
b. 5.13 rad d. 6. 13 rad