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Learning Module for Elementary Mathematics

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Quarter 1 Week 2 Module 5

Learning Competency:

Represents a rational function through its: (a) table of values, (b)

graph, and (c) equation. M11GM-Ib-4

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Learning Module for Elementary Mathematics

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Learning Module for Elementary Mathematics

LESSON
8
Representations of Rational Functions

EXPECTATIONS

- You will be able to represent a rational function through its: (a) table
of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation.
Specifically, this module will help you to:

 construct table of values;

 graph the rational function; and,
 represent the rational function using equation.

Let us start your journey in

learning more on the
representation of rational function.
I am sure you are ready and
excited to answer the Pretest.
PRETEST Smile and Enjoy!

Analyze the following questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
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1. Given 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = and a table of values
𝑥𝑥−4

𝑥𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) -1.14 -1.33 -2 -4

Which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ), if 𝑥𝑥 = −1?

A. -2 B. -1.6 C. -2.56 D. 1.6

2. Rational function can be represented by the following EXCEPT.

A. Table of values B. Equation C. Graph D. Picture

3. Refer to question #1, which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
if 𝑥𝑥 = 1?

A. -2 B. -1.6 C. -2.56 D. 1.6

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Learning Module for Elementary Mathematics
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4. Which of the following graphs would be the graph of (𝑥𝑥 ) = ?
𝑥𝑥−4

A.

B.

C.

D. None of the above

5. Refer to question #1, which of the following values would be the value of
𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ), if 𝑥𝑥 = 3? A. -2 B. -8 C. -2.56 D. 8

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Learning Module for Elementary Mathematics

Great, you are now

finished answering the
questions. You may request
your facilitator to check your
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON work. Congratulations and
keep on learning!

Before going further, let us try to recall about Cartesian plane for it is very
helpful in graphing rational equation. A Cartesian plane is defined by two
perpendicular lines: one is horizontal, which is the x-axis, the other line is
vertical, which is the y-axis, and the point where they meet is called origin at
ordered pair (0, 0).

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

𝑷𝑷(𝒙𝒙)
A rational function of the form 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = where 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) and 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) are polynomial
𝑸𝑸(𝒙𝒙)
function and 𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) is not the zero function (𝑄𝑄(𝑥𝑥) ≠ 0).
𝑥𝑥−3
Example 1. Represent 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = using a table of values and plot a graph of the
𝑥𝑥+3
function by connecting points.

Solution:
1. Let us construct a table of values for some 𝑥𝑥 −values from -5 to 5.
𝑥𝑥 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 4 7 Und. -5 -2 -1 -0.5 -0.2 0 0.14 0.25

2. Plotting and connecting the points we get:

I J

F G H
D E

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Learning Module for Elementary Mathematics

Why would the graph unexpectedly break the smooth curve and jump from the
point B to point C? The answer is that it doesn’t! Let us take a look at the function
again:
𝑥𝑥 − 3
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) =
𝑥𝑥 + 3

Observe that the function will be undefined at 𝑥𝑥 = −3. This means that
there cannot be a line connecting point 7 and point -5 as this implies that there
is point in the graph of the function where 𝑥𝑥 = −3. We will cover this aspect of
graphs of rational functions in a future lesson, so for now we just present a
partial graph for the function above as follows:

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Example 2. Given 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = ,
𝑥𝑥−2

1. Construct a table of values using the numbers from -3 to 7.

2. Plot the points in the Cartesian plane and determine whether the points from
a smooth curve or a straight line.

Solution:

1. Let us construct a table of values for some 𝑥𝑥 −values from -3 to 7

𝑥𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) -1.8 -2.25 -3 -4.5 -9 Und. 9 4.5 3 2.25 1.8

1. Plotting and connecting the points, we get:

Example 3. A hypothetical function representing the concentration of a drug in

3𝑡𝑡
a patient’s bloodstream over time 𝑡𝑡 (in hours) is given as 𝑐𝑐(𝑡𝑡) = .
𝑡𝑡 2 +1
(a) Construct a table of values.
(b) Plot the points in a Cartesian plane and connect them.
(c) What can you say about the function?

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Learning Module for Elementary Mathematics

Solution:

(a) Since 𝑡𝑡 is in time, we can only use non-negative values for it. Using the
first ten whole numbers, we get

𝑡𝑡 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
𝑓𝑓(𝑡𝑡) 0 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.71 0.58 0.49 0.42 0.37 0.33

(b) Plotting the points and connecting them we get:

(c) At 𝑡𝑡 = 0, the concentration is zero since the drug has not entered the
bloodstream yet. It shoots up at 𝑡𝑡 = 1 but it starts decreasing after
that.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Construct a table of values for the following functions using the
integers from -5 to 4.
5 2𝑥𝑥+4
A. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = B. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 2 −4
𝑥𝑥−3 𝑥𝑥

Activity 2. Refer to Activity #1, show the graph of the given function.

Activity 3. A certain invasive species of fish was introduced in a small lake and
their population growth can be modelled with time 𝑡𝑡 by the function
100(𝑡𝑡+1)
𝑓𝑓 (𝑡𝑡) = [ 𝑡𝑡+10 ]

A. Construct a table of values.

B. Is their population approaching a specific value?

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Learning Module for Elementary Mathematics

REMEMBER

A rational function can be represented through table of values, graphs,

and equations.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

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Given 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = ,
𝑥𝑥−5

A. Construct a table of values using the integers from -2 to 7.

B. Plot the points in the Cartesian plane and determine whether the points
form a smooth curve or a straight line.

POSTTEST

Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
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For 1-5, Given 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = and a table of values
𝑥𝑥−3
𝑥𝑥 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) -0.88 -1.17 -1.40 -2.33 -3.50 -7 7

1. Which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ), if 𝑥𝑥 = −1?

A. -1 B. -1.40 C. -1.75 D. -3.50
( )
2. Which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 , if 𝑥𝑥 = 3?
A. -1 B. 0 C. -1.75 D. Undefined
3. Which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) if 𝑥𝑥 = 1?
A. -1 B. -1.40 C. -1.75 D. -3.5
4. Which of the following values would be the value of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) if 𝑥𝑥 = −4?
A. -1 B. -1.40 C. -1.75 D. -3.50
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5. Which of the following graphs would be the graph of (𝑥𝑥 ) = ?
𝑥𝑥−3
A.

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Learning Module for Elementary Mathematics

B.

C.

D. None of the above

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Presenting oneself to others is everybody’s concern. Every individual is

hooked to making themselves respectable and acceptable to others. Regardless
what it takes, the most important thing is to avoid prejudice. It is good that the
Department of Education offered a Personal Development subject in Senior High
School Curriculum. This subject seeks to help learners improve both their
personality and appearance. The Department of Education sees how the whole
well-being of the learner is important to the country’s success as well as in
relating oneself to others.

Have you been in a dilemma of showing yourself to others? Why do you

think being accepted by others is important? In what ways do you think a person
can best present himself to others?

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Learning Module for Elementary Mathematics
ANSWER KEY

PRETEST:
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON:
A (0, 4) 2. B (3, -3) 3. C (-1, 3) 4. D (0, 0)
ACTIVITIES:
Activity 1:

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A. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) =
𝑥𝑥−3
𝑥𝑥 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) -0.63 -0.71 -0.83 -1 -1.25 -1.67 -2.5 -5 Und. 5
2𝑥𝑥 + 4
𝐵𝐵. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = 2
𝑥𝑥 − 4
𝑥𝑥 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) -0.29 -0.33 -0.4 0 -0.67 -1 -1.5 Und 2 1

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Activity 2: Graph of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) =
𝑥𝑥−3

2𝑥𝑥+4
Graph of 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) =
𝑥𝑥 2 −4

Activity 3:
100(𝑡𝑡+1)
A. 𝑓𝑓(𝑡𝑡) = [ 𝑡𝑡+10 ]
𝑡𝑡 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
𝑓𝑓(𝑡𝑡) 18.18 55 91.82 99.11 99.91 99.99
The lake seems to be able to support only 100 fishes

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

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A. 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) =
𝑥𝑥−5
𝑥𝑥 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) -1.14 -1.33 -1.6 -2 -2.67 -4 -8 Und. 8 4

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POSTTEST:
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A

E-SITES
To further explore the concept learned today and if it possible to connect the
internet, you may visit the following links: https://www.ixl.com/math/precalculus

REFERENCES

DepEd. (2016). General Mathematics - Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press Inc.

Banigon Jr, R. et al. (2016). General Mathematics for Senior High School.
Educational Resources Corporation. Cubao, Quezon City.
Orines, F. B. (2016). Next Century Mathematics 11 General Mathematics. Phoenix
Publishing House.
Stewart, J., Redlin, L., & Watson, S., (2002). Precalculus Mathematics for
Calculus 4th. Brooks/Cole.

Acknowledgements
Writer: Lito B. Diaz – MT II

Editor: Dr. John Rainier Rizardo, Master Teacher II

Reviewer: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math

Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS
Management Team:

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