Basic Calculus

Quarter 3 – Module 9:
Optimization Problems
Basic Calculus – Grade 11
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Quarter 3 – Module 9: Optimization Problems
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 Basic Calculus
Quarter 3 – Module 9:
Optimization Problems
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

One of the main reasons why this module was created is to ensure that it will assist
you to understand the concept and know how to solve optimization problems.

When you finish this module, you will be able to:

1. solve optimization problems that yield polynomial functions.
(STEM_BC11D-IIIg-1)

1
 What I Know

Answer the following problems on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Look for two positive numbers whose product is 36 and whose sum is a minimum.
A. 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 B. 6, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 6 C. 18 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 D. 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8

2. The sum of two positive numbers is 50. Find these two numbers whose product is
a maximum.
A. 20 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30 B. 40 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10 C. 25 𝑎𝑛𝑑 25 D. 24 𝑎𝑛𝑑 26

3. Look for two positive numbers whose product is 400 and whose sum is a
minimum.
A. 100 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 B. 50 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8 C. 20 𝑎𝑛𝑑 20 D. 200 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2

4. The sum of two positive numbers is 60. Find these two numbers whose product is
a maximum.
A. 50 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10 B. 20 𝑎𝑛𝑑 40 C. 35 𝑎𝑛𝑑 25 D. 30 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30

5. Look for two positive numbers whose sum is 80 and whose product is a maximum.
A. 40 𝑎𝑛𝑑 40 B. 20 𝑎𝑛𝑑 60 C. 45 𝑎𝑛𝑑 35 D. 30 𝑎𝑛𝑑 50

6. Solve for the dimensions of the rectangle whose perimeter is 120 m and yields a
maximum area.
A. 50𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10𝑚 B. 20𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 40𝑚 C. 35𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 25𝑚 D. 30𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30𝑚

7. Calculate the dimensions of a rectangle whose perimeter is 150 m and provide a

maximum area.
A. 50𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10𝑚 C. 35𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 25𝑚
B. 37.5𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 37.5𝑚 D. 30.5𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30.5𝑚

8. Rex inherits a piece of land. He wants to install fences on its rectangular region
and maximize the area. He already bought 320 m of fencing materials. Find the
optimized dimensions of the rectangular region.
A. 50𝑚, 10𝑚 B. 20𝑚, 40𝑚 C. 80𝑚, 80𝑚 D. 30𝑚, 30𝑚

2
9. A house owner plans to build a rectangular floral garden beside her wall. Since
the wall already exists, only 3 sides of the rectangle have to be provided with
fence. The fencing materials were already purchased and have a quantity of
240m. Solve for the dimensions of the fence with the largest area possible.
A. 100𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30𝑚 B. 20𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 90𝑚 C. 120𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 60𝑚 D. 30𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30𝑚

10. A carton board with 8 cm by 8 cm dimension has to be made as a square box

with no top cover. Square corners should have cut outs to enable folding of every
side. Find the dimensions of the box that will give the maximum volume.
16
A. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 4/3𝑐𝑚
3
14
B. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 4/5𝑐𝑚
3
17
C. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 5/3𝑐𝑚
3
16
D. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 2/3𝑐𝑚
5

3
 Lesson

1 Optimization Problems

Nowadays, you cannot be a big spender or too thrifty because somehow it will have
an unwanted impact on a fixed monthly budget. Most people prefer to be more in
control of the things they want to purchase because they want to maximize the value
of their money. This lesson can help people optimize certain situations which lead to
a better decision.

What’s In

Answer the following items on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the area of a rectangle if its dimensions are 5m by 7m?

2. Calculate the perimeter of a square with 4 meters per side.

3. Given two equations 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑦. Find the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦.

4. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 3.

What’s New

Solve the given problem. Use the fundamental step procedure in solving word
problems.

Recall: What is asked? What are the given? What fundamental operation to be used?
Give the solution and final answer.

A rectangular basketball court has a dimension of 20m by 10m. Suddenly, a

man came and asked for the area of the basketball court. What will be your answer
and detailed solution for his question?

4
 What is It

• Optimization problems are word problems that deal with the application of
finding the maximum or minimum value of a function. It has a constraint and
an equation that needs to be optimized.

• Constraint is a conditional concept that can be transformed into an equation

which is part of an optimization problem. Most problems have a given constant
quantity.

• Optimization equation is part of the problem that needs to be maximized or

minimized.

Below are guides in solving optimization problems.

1. Read and understand the problem carefully.
2. Create a sketch or illustration with given labels whenever necessary.
3. List what is asked and what are the given data in the problem.
4. Write down the constraint and optimization equations.
5. Equate one variable in terms of the other from the constraint equation. Then
replace or substitute it to the same variable on the optimization equation.
6. Simplify the optimization equation then solve for its first derivative.
7. Set the first derivative equation to zero and find the critical point.
8. Test the critical point values using the derivative tests.
9. Substitute the critical value to solve for the other.

5
Example 1

Solve for two positive numbers whose product is 121 and whose sum is a
minimum.

Solution:

Let 𝑥 and 𝑦 be the two positive missing numbers with a product of 121.

𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 = 121 𝑀 =𝑥+𝑦
1. List what is asked on the
problem. Constraint Optimization
2. Write the constraint and the equation equation
optimization equation. (minimized)

121
3. On the constraint equation, 121 𝑀 =𝑥+( )
solve for 𝑦. Then, substitute that 𝑦= 𝑥
𝑥 −1
equation to its corresponding 𝑦 on 𝑀 = 𝑥 + 121𝑥
the optimization equation.
𝑀 ′ = 1 + (−1)(121𝑥 −2 )
4. Simplify and take its first
derivative. 121
𝑀′ = 1 − ;
𝑥2

5. Set the equation to zero and 121

solve for the 𝑥 value (critical 0= 1−
𝑥2
point). Hint: use algebraic
manipulation to solve for x. 121 121 121
0+ 2 =1− 2 + 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
121
=1
𝑥2
121 = 𝑥2
𝑥 = +√121
𝒙 = +𝟏𝟏

6. Test the 𝑥 value. Substitute it Test:

to the second derivative and check
whether the answer is less than or
121
𝑀′ = 1 −
greater than zero. Since the 𝑥2
answer is greater than zero then it 𝑀 ′′ = 0 − (−2)121𝑥 −3
is the minimum. value.
242
𝑀 ′′ =
𝑥3
242
𝑀 ′′ = 3
≈ 0.18
′′
121 (11)
′′
121
𝑀 = 3 𝑀 = 3
𝑀 ′′𝑥 > 0 𝑥

6
 7. Substitute the minimum 𝑥 value If 𝑥 = 1, then
to the simplified constraint
equation to solve for 𝑦. 121
𝑦= = +11
11

Thus, 𝑥 = 11 and 𝑦 = 11 are

the two positive numbers.

Example 2

Solve for the dimensions of a rectangle whose perimeter is 250 m with a

maximum area.

Solution:

Let 𝑥 and 𝑦 be the missing sides of the rectangle with perimeter 𝑃 = 250𝑚.

1. Draw a diagram. List what is

asked on the problem and
𝑦 𝑦
label the diagram with
relevant data.

2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 250 𝐴=𝑥∙𝑦
2. Write the constraint and the
optimization equation.
Optimization
Constraint
equation
equation
(maximized)
3. On the constraint equation,
solve for 𝑦. Then, substitute that 𝑦 = 125 − 𝑥 𝐴 = 𝑥 ∙ (125 − 𝑥)
equation to its corresponding 𝑦
on the optimization equation.

4. Simplify and take its first 𝐴 = 125𝑥 − 𝑥 2

derivative. 𝐴′ = 125 − 2𝑥

5. Set the equation to zero and 0 = 125 − 2𝑥

solve for the 𝑥 value (critical 125
point). 𝑥=
2
𝑥 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎

7
 6. Test the 𝑥 value. Substitute Test:
it to the second derivative and
check whether the answer is less 𝐴′ = 125 − 2𝑥
than or greater than zero. Since
𝐴′′ = −2 𝐴′′ < 0
the answer is less than zero,
then it is the maximum value.

121 ′′
𝑀′′ = 𝑀
7. Substitute the maximum If 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 𝑚, then
62.5
121
𝑥 value to the simplified = 3
constraint equation to solve
𝑦 = 𝑥125 − (62.5) = 62.5𝑚
for 𝑦.

Thus, 𝑥 = 62.5 𝑚 by 𝑦 = 62.5 𝑚

are the dimensions of the rectangle.

Example 3
An illustration board with 12 cm by 12 cm dimensions has to be made as a
square box with no top cover. Square corners should have equal cut outs to
enable folding of every side. Find the dimensions of the box that will give the
maximum volume.

Solution

Let 𝑥 be the height of the box, (12 − 2𝑥) be the length, and (12 − 2𝑥) be the width of
the box.

1. Draw a diagram. List what is asked on the problem and label the
diagram with relevant data.

8
2. Write the constraint and the Constraint equations
optimization equation.
𝑙 = 12𝑥 − 2𝑥
𝑤 = 12𝑥 − 2𝑥
ℎ=𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 [0, 6]

Optimization equation (maximized)

3. From the constraint 𝑉 =𝑙∙𝑤∙ℎ

equations, substitute them to its
corresponding 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ and
ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 on the optimization 𝑉 = (12 − 2𝑥)(12 − 2𝑥)(𝑥)
equation.
𝑉 = 4𝑥 3 − 48𝑥 2 + 144𝑥
4. Simplify and take its first
derivative. 𝑉 ′ = 12𝑥 2 − 96𝑥 + 144

5. Set the equation to zero and 12𝑥2 − 96𝑥 + 144 = 0

solve for the 𝑥 value (critical
point). (6𝑥 − 12)(2𝑥 − 12) = 0
6𝑥 − 12 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 12 = 0

6𝑥 12 2𝑥 12
= =
6 6 2 2
𝑥=𝟐 𝑥=𝟔

6. Since there are two critical If 𝑥 = 2, then

values, we have to check which
one will give a sensible answer 𝑉 = [12 − 2(2)][12 − 2(2)][2] = 128 𝑐𝑚3 
by substituting them to the
volume equation. The result
suggests that 𝑥 = 2 is the correct If 𝑥 = 6, then
value.
𝑉 = [12 − 2(6)][12 − 2(6)][6] = 0 𝑐𝑚3 x

9
7. Test the 𝑥 value. Substitute Test:
it to the second derivative and
check whether the answer is less
𝑉 ′ = 12𝑥 2 − 96𝑥 + 144
than or greater than zero. Since 𝑉 ′′ = 24𝑥 − 96
the answer is less than zero,
n 𝑉 ′′ = 24(2) − 96 = −48
then it is the maximum value.
𝑉 ′′ < 0

8. Substitute the maximum Solving for the dimensions:

𝑥 value to the simplified
constraint equation to solve ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑥 = 2 𝑐𝑚
for 𝑙 and 𝑤.
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 12 − 2(𝑥) = 12 − 2(2) = 8 𝑐𝑚

𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 12 − 2(𝑥) = 12 − 2(2) = 8 𝑐𝑚

10
 What’s More

Solve the following word problems by completing the table below. Fill-out the right
column with corresponding solutions by following the steps on the left column to
arrive at the final answer. Copy and answer the right column on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Provide two positive numbers with a product of 169 and a sum which is a
minimum.

Steps Solution

Constraint equation:
1. List what is asked on the problem.

2. Write the constraint and the Optimization equation:

optimization equations.

3. On the constraint equation, solve

for 𝑦. Then, substitute that equation
to its corresponding 𝑦 on the
optimization equation.

4. Simplify and take its first derivative.

5. Set the equation to zero and solve for

the 𝑥 value (critical point).

6. Test the 𝑥 value. Substitute it to the

second derivative and check whether
the answer is less than or greater
than zero. Since the answer is
greater than zero, then it is the
minimum.

7. Substitute the minimum 𝑥 value to 𝑥 = _______ and 𝑦 = _______ are the two
the simplified constraint equation to positive numbers
solve for 𝑦.

11
2. Determine the dimensions of a rectangle whose perimeter is 300 m with a
maximum area.

Steps Solution

1. Draw a diagram. List what is asked

on the problem and label the
diagram with relevant data.

Constraint equation:

2. Write the constraint and the

optimization equations. Optimization equation:

3. On the constraint equation, solve

for 𝑦. Then, substitute that equation
to its corresponding 𝑦 on the
optimization equation.

4. Simplify and take its first derivative.

5. Set the equation to zero and solve for

the 𝑥 value (critical point).

6. Test the 𝑥 value. Substitute it to the

second derivative and check whether
the answer is less than or greater
than zero.

7. Substitute the minimum 𝑥 value to 𝑥 = _______ and 𝑦 = _______ are the

the simplified constraint equation to
dimensions of the rectangle.
solve for 𝑦.

12
3. An illustration board with 36 cm by 36 cm dimensions has to be made as a
square box with no top cover. Square corners should have equal cut outs to
enable folding of every side. Find the dimensions of the box that will give the
maximum volume.

Steps Solution

1. Draw a diagram. List what is asked

on the problem and label the
diagram with relevant data.

Constraint equation:

2. Write the constraint and the

optimization equations. Optimization equation:

3. Substitute the constraint equations,

to the corresponding
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ and ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 of the
optimization equation.

4. Simplify and take its first derivative.

5. Set the equation to zero and solve for

the 𝑥 value (critical point).

6. If there are two critical values, we

have to check which one will give a
sensible answer by substituting
them to the volume equation.

7. Test the 𝑥 value. Substitute it to the

second derivative and check
whether the answer is less than or
greater than zero.

8. Substitute the maximum 𝑥 value to

the simplified constraint equation to
solve for 𝑙 and 𝑤.

ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = ________
9. Solve for the dimensions. 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = ________
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = ________

13
 What I Have Learned

Find out what you have learned in this lesson by answering the questions below on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Describe an optimization problem.

2. How can we solve optimization problems?

3. Mention past topics in mathematics that you applied on the last activity to solve
optimization problems.

What I Can Do

Answer the word problem on a separate sheet of paper.

A resort owner wants to enclose a beachfront area for swimming activities. Based on
her plan, only 3 sides will be fenced with 270-meter rope and floats, while the
shoreline part will be open. Determine the dimensions of the 3 sides of the rectangle
that will give a maximum area.

14
 Assessment

Solve the following word problems. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Look for two numbers with a difference of 6 such that the product is a minimum.
A. 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 B. 12, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 6 C. 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 3 D. 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8

2. Variables 𝑎 and 𝑏 represent two positive numbers such that 𝑎 + 𝑏 2 = 1. Find these
two numbers that will maximize the equation, 𝑃 = 𝑎𝑏 2 .
1 √3 1 √2 1 √5 1 √7
A. 𝑎 = , 𝑏 = B. 𝑎 = , 𝑏 = C. 𝑎 = , 𝑏 = D. 𝑎 = , 𝑏 =
3 2 2 2 4 2 6 2

3. Look for two numbers with a difference of 12 such that the product is a minimum.
A. 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 6 B. 12, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 24 C. 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 15 D. 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8

4. Variables 𝑎 and 𝑏 represent two positive numbers such that 𝑎 + 𝑏 2 = 4. Find these
two numbers that will maximize the equation, 𝑃 = 𝑎𝑏 2 .
A. 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = √2 B. 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = √2 C. 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = √3 D. 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = √2

5. Find two numbers with a sum of 5 so that the equation 𝑆 = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 will give a
minimum value.
A. 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 6 B. 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 C. 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 D. −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8

6. Solve for the dimensions of the rectangle with a perimeter of 450 m such that the
area is a maximum.
A. 50𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10𝑚 C. 35𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 25𝑚
B. 20𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 40𝑚 D. 112.5𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 112.5𝑚

7. Find two numbers with a sum of 3 so that the equation 𝑆 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 will give a
minimum value.
A. 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 5 B. 1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 C. 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 D. 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1

8. Lito wants to fence his subdivision lot. He wants to install fences on its
rectangular region and maximize the area. He measured and found out that its
perimeter is 280 m. What are the dimensions of the rectangular region that will
give him the maximum area possible?
A. 120𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10𝑚 B. 25𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 80𝑚 C. 35𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 25𝑚 D. 70𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 70𝑚

15
9. A copper sheet with 16 cm by 16 cm dimension has to be made as a square box
with no top cover. Square corners should have cut outs to enable folding of every
side. Find the dimensions of the box that will give the maximum volume.
32
A. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 8/3𝑐𝑚
3
16 4
B. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 =
3 3𝑐𝑚
7
C. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 5/3𝑐𝑚
3
11
D. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 2/3𝑐𝑚
3

10. A carton board with 50 in by 50 in dimension has to be made as a square box

with no top cover. Square corners should have cut outs to enable folding of
every side. Find the dimensions of the box that will give the maximum volume.
105
A. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 24/3𝑐𝑚
3
99
B. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 23/3𝑐𝑚
3
100
C. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 25/3𝑐𝑚
3
110
D. 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤 = 𝑐𝑚, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 22/3𝑐𝑚
3

Additional Activities

Solve the given item on a separate sheet of paper.

A rectangular box with open top and has a square base is a school project of two
senior high school students. However, they are wondering what would be the
minimum dimensions of their box if it will have a fixed volume of 62.5 cm³.

16
 17
What’s New
What is asked: Area of the rectangular basketball
court
What are the given: length: 20m width:10m
Formula: A = L x W
Solution: A = 20m x 10m = 200m
What’s In
1. A = 35m
2. P = 16m
3. x = 3/2, y = 5/2
4. y’ = 2x+7
What I Know
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. A
Answer Key
 18
Additional Activity
Length=width = 5m
Height= 2.5 m
What I Know
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. A
What I Can Do
x = 135m, y = 67.5m
What’s More
1. x = 13, y = 13
2. x = 37.5m, y = 37.5m
3. length=width = 24, height = 6
References
DepEd. 2013. Basic Calculus. Teachers Guide.
Lim, Yvette F., Nocon, Rizaldi C., Nocon, Ederlina G., and Ruivivar, Leonar A. 2016.
Math for Engagement Learning Grade 11 Basic Calculus. Sibs Publishing House,
Inc.
Mercado, Jesus P., and Orines, Fernando B. 2016. Next Century Mathematics 11
Basic Calculus. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

19
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph