SENIOR

Precalculus HIGH
SCHOOL

Ellipses: Module
4
Center at (h,k) Quarter 1
Precalculus
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Ellipses: Center at (h,k)
First Edition, 2020

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 SENIOR
Precalculus HIGH
SCHOOL

Module

4
Quarter 1

Ellipses:
Center at (h,k)
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Precalculus (Senior High School) Module 4 on Ellipses: Center at

(h,k)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Precalculus (Senior High School) Module on Ellipses: Center at

(h,k)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module. Ito po ang parts ng module
 EXPECTATION

Lesson: Ellipses: center at (h, k)

Learning Objective:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. graph an ellipse given an equation in standard form with vertex at

(h, k).

PRETEST
Fill in the blanks.

(𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+4)2
Consider the ellipse given by 16
+ 25
.

1. The center of the Ellipse is at _________.

2. The value of 𝑎2 is ______________.

3. The value of 𝑏 2 is ______________.

4. The major axis is ______________.

5. The minor axis is ______________.

 RECAP

ELLIPSE WITH CENTER AT (0,0)

Corresponding Graphs

𝒙 𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙 𝟐
+ =𝟏 + =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐

Let 𝒄 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 Let 𝒄 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐

Center: (0,0) Center: (0,0)

Foci: (𝑐, 0)&(−𝑐, 0) Foci: (0, 𝑐)&(0, −𝑐)

Vertices: (𝑎, 0)&(−𝑎, 0) Vertices: (0, 𝑎)&(0, −𝑎)

Covertices: (0, 𝑏)&(0, −𝑏) Covertices: (𝑏, 0)&(−𝑏, 0)

Length of minor axis: 2b Length of minor axis: 2b

Length of major axis: 2a Length of major axis: 2a

Length of foci: 2c Length of foci: 2c

Major axis: horizontal Major axis: vertical

 LESSON

Like the other conics, we can move the ellipse so that its axes are not
on the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 and 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.
For the horizontal major axis case , if we move the intersection of the
major and minor axes to the point (h, k), we have the standard equation of
an ellipse:
(𝒙−𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐
+ , 𝒂 > 𝒃 and let 𝒄 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐

The ellipse is as follows:

Features of the graph of an ellipse:

Major axis: horizontal

Center: (h, k)
Foci: 𝑭𝟏 (𝒉 − 𝒄, 𝒌) & 𝑭𝟐 (𝒉 + 𝒄, 𝒌)
Vertices: 𝑽𝟏 (𝒉 − 𝒂, 𝒌) & 𝑽𝟐 (𝒉 + 𝒂, 𝒌)
Covertices: 𝑾𝟏 (𝒉, 𝒌 − 𝒃) & 𝑾𝟐 (𝒉, 𝒌 + 𝒃)
Length of minor axis: 2b
Length of major axis: 2a
Length of foci: 2c
For the vertical major axis case , if we move the intersection of the
major and minor axes to the point (h, k), we have the standard equation of
an ellipse:
(𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙−𝒉)𝟐
+ , 𝒂 > 𝒃 and let 𝒄 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐

Features of the graph of an ellipse: The ellipse is as follows:

Major axis: vertical

Center: (h, k)
Foci: 𝑭𝟏 (𝒉, 𝒌 − 𝒄) & 𝑭𝟐 (𝒉, 𝒌 + 𝒄)
Vertices: 𝑽𝟏 (𝒉, 𝒌 − 𝒂) & 𝑽𝟐 (𝒉, 𝒌 + 𝒂)
Covertices: 𝑾𝟏 (𝒉 − 𝒃, 𝒌) & 𝑾𝟐 (𝒉 + 𝒃, 𝒌)
Length of minor axis: 2b
Length of major axis: 2a
Length of foci: 2c
Example 1

Sketch the ellipse with equation

(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−1)2
25
+ 16
= 1.

Solution: Find the value of a, b, & c.

𝑎2 = 25 𝑏 2 = 16 To find c: 𝑐 = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
𝑎= 5 𝑏= 4 𝑐 = √25 − 16 → √9 → 𝑐 = 3
Center: (h, k) → (3, 1)

Foci: 𝑭𝟏 (𝒉 − 𝒄, 𝒌) & 𝑭𝟐 (𝒉 + 𝒄, 𝒌)
(3 − 3, 1) & (3 + 3, 1) → (0, 1) & (6, 1)

Vertices: 𝑽𝟏 (𝒉 − 𝒂, 𝒌) & 𝑽𝟐 (𝒉 + 𝒂, 𝒌)
(3 − 5,1)& (3 + 5,1) → (−2, 1) & (8, 1)

Covertices: 𝑾𝟏 (𝒉, 𝒌 − 𝒃) & 𝑾𝟐 (𝒉, 𝒌 + 𝒃)

(3, 1 − 4)& (3, 1 + 4) → (3, −3) & (3, 5)

Base on the graph above, the major axis is horizontal and its length is 10
units while the length of its minor axis is 8 units. The length of the foci is 6
units.

Example 2

(𝑥+1)2 (𝑦+4)2
Sketch the ellipse with equation + = 1.
9 16

Solution: Find the value of a, b, & c.

𝑎2 = 16 𝑏2 = 9 To find c: 𝑐 = √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
𝑎= 4 𝑏= 3 𝑐 = √16 − 9 → 𝑐 = √7
Center: (𝒉, 𝒌) → (−𝟏, −𝟒)

Foci: 𝑭𝟏 (𝒉, 𝒌 − 𝒄) & 𝑭𝟐 (𝒉, 𝒌 + 𝒄)

(−1, −4 − √7) & (−1, −4 + √7) → (−𝟏, −𝟒 ± √𝟕)

Vertices: 𝑽𝟏 (𝒉, 𝒌 − 𝒂) & 𝑽𝟐 (𝒉, 𝒌 + 𝒂)

(−1, −4 − 4)& (−1, −4 + 4) → (−𝟏, −𝟖) & (−𝟏, 𝟎)

Covertices: 𝑾𝟏 (𝒉 − 𝒃, 𝒌) & 𝑾𝟐 (𝒉 + 𝒃, 𝒌)
 (−1 − 3, −4)& (−1 + 3, −4) → (−𝟒, −𝟒) & (𝟐, −𝟒)

ACTIVITIES

A. Find the center of the given equations of

an ellipse with center at (h, k)

Equation Center (h, k)

(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−1)2
1. 25
+ 16
=1

(𝑥+1)2 (𝑦+4)2
2. + =1
9 16

(𝑥+7)2 (𝑦−2)2
3. 36
+ 25
=1

(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦+2)2
4. 9
+ 25
=1

𝑥2 (𝑦−4)2
5. + =1
36 49

B. Fill in the blanks.

(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦+2)2
Consider the ellipse whose equation is + = 1.
25 9

1. The center of an ellipse is at ______________.

2. The foci of an ellipse are at _______________.
3. The vertices of an ellipse are at _____________.
4. The end points of the minor axis are ___________.
5. The length of the major axis is ____________.

(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦+2)2
C. Sketch the graph of the given equation of an ellipse 25
+ = 1.
9

WRAP–UP

ELLIPSE WITH CENTER AT (h, k)

Corresponding Graphs

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐

+ = 𝟏, 𝒂 > 𝒃 + = 𝟏, 𝒂>𝒃
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐

Let 𝒄 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 Let 𝒄 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐

Major axis: horizontal Major axis: vertical

Center: (h, k)
Foci: 𝑭𝟏 (𝒉 − 𝒄, 𝒌) & 𝑭𝟐 (𝒉 + 𝒄, 𝒌)
Vertices: 𝑽𝟏 (𝒉 − 𝒂, 𝒌) & 𝑽𝟐 (𝒉 + 𝒂, 𝒌)
Covertices: 𝑾𝟏 (𝒉, 𝒌 − 𝒃) & 𝑾𝟐 (𝒉, 𝒌 + 𝒃)
Length of minor axis: 2b
Length of major axis: 2a
Length of foci: 2c
Center: (h, k)
Foci: 𝑭𝟏 (𝒉, 𝒌 − 𝒄) & 𝑭𝟐 (𝒉, 𝒌 + 𝒄)
Vertices: 𝑽𝟏 (𝒉, 𝒌 − 𝒂) & 𝑽𝟐 (𝒉, 𝒌 + 𝒂)
Covertices: 𝑾𝟏 (𝒉 − 𝒃, 𝒌) & 𝑾𝟐 (𝒉 + 𝒃, 𝒌)
Length of minor axis: 2b
Length of major axis: 2a
Length of foci: 2c
 VALUING

In this lesson, the center of the ellipse is not in the point of origin. It shows
that even though the center is moved, the ellipse maintains its shape. In
time, you will get away from your own comfort zone but still you will be the
person you want to be. To move out of your daily rituals that provide you
comfort at home and in school does not happen at once. With every move
you make, take time to evaluate where you are and plan where you want to
go next. Then take the next step in your new direction. That is how you
develop momentum and keep yourself moving on to greater opportunities
farther from your comfort zone. An ellipse is described in terms of the
coordinates of its center, foci, vertices, and length of its axis; your sense of
identity and well-being will be defined in terms of your character and
relationship to others. How would you describe your own personality?

POSTTEST

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

(𝑥+6)2 (𝑦−3)2
Consider the ellipse whose equation is + = 1.
7 16

1. The center of an ellipse is at ______________.

2. The foci of an ellipse are at _______________.
3. The vertices of an ellipse are at _____________.
4. The end points of the minor axis are ___________.
5. The length of the major axis is ____________.
(𝑥+6)2 (𝑦−3)2
B. Sketch the graph of the given equation of an ellipse + =
7 16

KEY TO CORRECTION
1. horizontal 5.
vertical 4.
16 3.
25 2.
(2, -4) 1.

3. (−7, 2)
PRE-TEST ANSWER KEY

2. (−1, −4)
 10 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
(1, 1)& (1, −5)
5.
4.
(6, -2) & (-4, -2) 3.
(5,-2) &(-3, -2) 2.
(1, -2) 1.

ACTIVITY C ACTIVITY B

REFERENCES
BOO
K

Cuaresma, Genaro A. et al. 2004. Analytic Geometry and Calculus 1: A

Worktext for Math 26. Los Baños, Laguna: Institute of Mathematical
Sciences and Physics, University of the Philippines.

Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. 2016. Precalculus

Learner's Material.

Leithold, Louis. 1989. College Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison Wesley

Longman Inc., reprinted by Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2002.

WEBSITE

Bourne, Murray. “The Ellipse.” Interactive Mathematics. Accessed June 10,

2020. https://www.intmath.com/plane-analytic-geometry/5-
ellipse.php