Precalculus

SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL

Module
Circle with Center at (0, 0)
2
Quarter 1
Precalculus
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Circle with Center at (0, 0)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Erwin C. Lugtu

Editor: Nenet M. Peñaranda
Reviewers: Emma G. Gonzalvo, Raffy D. Maga, Annie R. Ascotia, Ron Robert Pecaña
Cerina V. Galoy (Technical)
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
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OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division Education
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Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D., Filipino
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Precalculus
Module

2
Quarter 1

Circle
with Center at (0, 0)

HIGH

SENIOR

SCHOOL
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Precalculus for Senior High School Module on Circle with Center at
(0, 0)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with the
Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
 Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Precalculus Module on Circle with Center at (0, 0)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts
to be mastered throughout the lesson.
 Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module.

EXPECTATIONS
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. define a circle; and

2. graph a circle with center at (0, 0) given an equation in center-radius
form.
 PRETEST

Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following conic sections is defined as the locus of all

points in the plane having the same fixed positive distance, called the
radius, from a fixed point called the center?
A. Circle C.
Hyperbola
B. Ellipse D.
Parabola
2. Which of the following is the center-radius form or the standard form
equation of a circle centered at (0,0) with radius r>0?
A. 𝑦2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑟2 C. 𝑥2 − 𝑦2
= 𝑟2
B. 𝑦2 = 𝑥2 − 𝑟2 D. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
= 𝑟2
3. What is the length of the radius of the circle with equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1
which is considered as the unit circle?
A. -1 C.
1
B. 0 D.
2
4. Which of the following is the graph of the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25?
A. C.

B. D.
 5. What is the equation of the circle given the its graph shown below?

RECAP

A. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4
B. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 4 = 0
C. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 16
D. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 16 = 0

We have discussed from the previous module that a conic section is the
intersection of a plane and a double right circular cone. There are two types
of conic sections. One is called degenerate conic which is either a point, a
line or two intersecting lines. The other is called non-degenerate conic
which is either a parabola, an ellipse, or a hyperbola.

A circle is formed if the cutting plane intersects every generator and at the
same time is perpendicular to the axis of the cone . Hence a circle is a
special case of ellipse (See Figure 2.1).

In elementary and junior high school geometry, we defined a circle and some
of its parts such as center, radius, diameter, circumference, and arc. Thus,
we assume that the circle is a familiar geometric figure. In this module, we
combined their geometric properties with the analytic processes of algebra.
Using the definition of the circle, we will obtain its corresponding analytic
property with its equation.

Before we start our lesson with circles, let us first review ourselves in getting
the distance between two points. Do you still remember the distance
formula?

Given two points in the Cartesian Plane, let say, points 𝐴(𝑥1, 𝑦1) and 𝐵(𝑥2, 𝑦2).
The distance between points A and B is given by the formula:

𝑑(𝐴𝐵) = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2 Let’s

review by answering this Review Exercise.

Review Exercise:
Determine the distance between the origin with coordinates (0, 0) and the
given points.

1. (-2, 5) 2. (4, 3) 3. (-1/3, 3) 4. (1, -2/5) 5. (1/3, -1/2)

 LESSON

It is possible to recognize and graph equations of circles with relative ease.

We know from geometry that a circle consists of all points that are at a
fixed distance r, its radius, from a fixed point C, its center (See Figure
2.2). Suppose that a circle is located in a Cartesian Plane so that its center
C is (0, 0) and its radius is r. If a point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) is on the circle, its distance
from 𝐶(0,0) has to be r units (See Figure 2.3)

By the distance formula 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1)2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)2, x and y satisfy the
equation = 𝑟 or 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2.

Conversely, any ordered pair (x, y) that satisfies this equation defines a point
P(x, y) that lies on the circle with center at (0, 0) and radius r. Thus we have
the following result:
Center-Radius Form Equation of a Circle with Center at

(0, 0) Any point (x, y) on the circle with center (0, 0) and
radius r must satisfy the standard equation

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐, 𝑟 > 0.

Example 1:
Find the center-radius or standard form equation for the circle of radius 4
with center at the origin (0, 0) and sketch its graph.

Solution:
Substituting 4 for r in the equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2, we

get

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 42
or 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

To graph the circle, consider the following steps:

Example 2:
Find the center-radius or standard form equation of the circle with center at
(0, 0) with radius 1 and sketch its graph.

Solution:
Substituting 1 for r in the equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2, we

get

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 12
or
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
 Following the steps of graphing a circle given above, the graph of 𝑥2
+ 𝑦2 = 1 is given in Figure 2.8.

Note that a circle whose center is at

(0, 0) and has a radius of 1 unit
has the center-radius (standard)
form equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1 and is
called the unit circle.

Example 3:

The center-radius form equation of the circle is 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25. Find its center
and radius.

Solution:
Since the given equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25 satisfied the center-radius form
equation of a circle with center at (0, 0), its center is at the origin. From the
equation, 𝑟2 = 25. Finding the square root of both sides, we get

𝑟 = ±5
But, we reject -5 because the radius r of a circle is always positive

(𝑟 > 0)
Thus, the radius r of 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 25 is +5 or 5 units.

Example 4:

Determine if the point (2, 3) is on the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 13.

Solution:

Given the point (2, 3), 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3, 𝑟2 = 13.

 Substituting x and y to the standard equation of a circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2,

we get

22 + 32 = 𝑟2

4 + 9 = 𝑟2

13 = 𝑟2

Since it satisfies the value of 𝑟2 in the equation, the point (2, 3) is on

the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 13.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1:
Complete the table:
Equation of Circle
Sketch of the
in Center-Radius Center Radius
Graph
Form

𝑥2+𝑦2 =4

(0, 0) 4
Activity 2:
Tell whether the given point is on the circle given its centerradius/standard
equation.
1. (1, 0); 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1
2. (-2, 4); 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 12
3. (3, -1); 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 10
4. (-3, 5); 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 16
5. (0, 2); 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4

WRAP–UP

From what we have discussed in this module, we learned the following:

1. A circle consists of all points that are at a fixed distance r, its radius,
from a fixed point C, its center.
2. Any point (x, y) on the circle with center (0, 0) and radius r must
satisfy the standard equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐. This equation is called the
center-radius form or standard equation of the circle with center (0, 0)
and radius r, r>0.
3. The equation in center-radius form of the circle of radius 4 with center
at the origin (0, 0) is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔.
 4. To graph a circle given its center-radius form equation, consider the
following steps:

1. Plot the center given its coordinates

2. On the axes, plot the four points of the circle using the given r as the
distance from the center.
3. Connect the 4 points in Step 2 to form a circle

5. A circle whose center is at (0, 0) and has a radius of 1 unit has the
standard equation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1 and is called the unit circle.
6. To determine if the given point (x, y) is on the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2,
substitute the values of x and y and the sum must be equal to the
value of 𝑟2.

VALUING

Based on the discussion, we learned that we can identify the center-radius

form equation of a circle with center at the origin by getting any radius, the
distance of any point of the circle to the center (0, 0). We get any point of the
circle because all points have equal distances from the center such that all
radii (plural of radius) have equal measurements.
If we consider us to be points of the circle, do you think that we have also
equal distances from the origin, our God? How can you maintain that
distance from God?
Always remember that God loves us. He loves all of us equally.
POSTTEST

I. Write the value of the radius r if the given equations is a circle with center
at (0, 0). If not, write No.

1. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 0.
2. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 4 = 0
3. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 5
4. 𝑦2 + 𝑥2 = 36 5. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 25 = 0

II. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following conic sections consists of all points that are at
a fixed distance r, its radius, from a fixed point C, its center.
A. Circle C. Hyperbola
B. Ellipse D. Parabola
2. Which of the following is the center-radius form or the standard form
equation of a circle centered at (0,0) with radius r = 1?
4

A. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
C. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1
16 4

B. 𝑥 +𝑦 =
2 2 1
D. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1
8 2

3. Which equation is considered as the unit circle?

A. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 = 0 C. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 2
B. 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 D. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4
4. Which of the following is the graph of the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4?

A. C.
 B. D.

5. The following points lie on the circle 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 5, except

A. (1, 2) C. (-1, -2)
B. (2, 1) D. (0, 5)

III. Write the center-radius form of the circle with center at (0, 0) given the value
of its radius. Then, sketch its graph.

1. r = 6
2. r =

REFERENCES
Books:
1. Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (2016).
PRECALCULUS LEARNER’S MATERIAL.
2. Feliciano and Uy (1994). MODERN ANALYTIC GEOMETRY. Merriam and
Webster Bookstore, Inc. Metro Manila, Philippines
3. Munem and Yizze (2002). Precalculus: Functions and Graphs Seventh Edition.
Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa 52002
4. Pelias, JG P (2016). PRE-CALCULUS. Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI). Sampaloc,
Manila Web:
1. https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/conic-sections-hyperbolas.html

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

EDISON P. CLET
Illustrator

ELINETTE B. DELA CRUZ

Project Development Officer II (LRMS)
Lay-out Artist

ERWIN C. LUGTU

Video/PowerPoint Presenter

NAME

Video/ PowerPoint Editor

NAME

Video/ PowerPoint Reviewer

ERWIN C. LUGTU

School Subject Coordinator

 MONETTE P. VEGA

School Head

DIANA MARIE P. DAGLI

Public Schools District Supervisor