SENIOR

Precalculus HIGH
SCHOOL

Hyperbolas: Module
5
vertex at (0,0)
Quarter 1
Precalculus
Quarter 1 – Self-Learning Module 5: Hyperbolas; vertex at (0,0)
First Edition, 2020

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 SENIOR
Precalculus HIGH
SCHOOL

Module

5
Quarter 1

Hyperbolas:
vertex at (0,0)
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the (Pre Calculus (Senior High School) Module on Hyperbolas: vertex at
(0,0) !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the (Pre Calculus) Module on Hyperbolas: vertex at (0,0) !

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills

that you understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the

learning competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module.
 EXPECTATION

LESSON: HYPERBOLAS: vertex at (0,0)

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. define hyperbola; and

2. graph a hyperbola given an equation in vertex form with vertex at
(0,0).

PRETEST

Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Use the
given equation in answering the following questions:

1. What are the coordinates of the vertices ?

a. (-3,0) and (3.0) b. (-4,0) and(4,0)

2. What are the coordinates of the foci?

a. (-3,0) and (3.0) b. (-5,0) and (5,0)

3. What is the orientation of the transverse axis ?

a. horizontal b. vertical

4. Which of the following graphs is the representation of the given

equation?
a. b.
 5. Which of the following is its asymptote?

3 4
a. y   x b. y x
4 3

RECAP

In your previous lesson, the equation of standard form of a circle,

parabola and ellipse with center (0,0) and (h,k) were discussed as seen on
the table.

x2  y 2  r 2 ( x  h)2  ( y  k )2  r 2
x 2  4cy ( x  h)2  4c( y  k )

y 2  4cx ( y  k )2  4c( x  h)

x2 y 2 ( x  h) 2 ( y  k ) 2
 1  1
a 2 b2 a2 b2
a b a b
y 2
x 2
( y  k ) ( x  h) 2
2

2
 2 1  1
a b a2 b2
a b a b

Now let us try if you could identify if the given equation is a circle, parabola
or ellipse.

___________1.  y  32  20 x ___________4. x 2   y  1  9

2

___________2. x  82   y  7 2  225 ___________5.

x  52  y 2 1
16 25
x2 y 2
 1 ___________6.  x  1  4 y
2
___________3.
9 4
 L E S S ON

The picture shows structure and design using hyperbola

The architectural design

of huge chimney of
nuclear power has the
shape of paraboloid.

James S. McDonnell
Planetarium

(St. Louis Science

Center)

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/572731277607403384/

As a recall, hyperbola is a conic section

formed when the plane intersects both napes
and parallel to napes axis.

Definition:

A Hyperbola is the set of all

points, whose absolute value of the
difference in distances from F1 and
from F2 is constant, where the two
fixed points F1 and F2 are called
foci.

PF1  PF2  2 a

 x  c 2  y 2   x  c 2  y 2  2a

by Algebraic manipulation, this could be simplified and written as

 x2 y2
2
 2  1 , where c  a 2  b2
a b

Parts of Hyperbola

foci - the two fixed points, and , whose difference of the distances from
a single point on the hyperbola is a constant.

 Each focus is c units away from the center.

 For any point on the hyperbola , the absolute value of the

difference of its distance from the foci is 2a.

center - the midpoint of the line segment between the two foci or vertices.

vertices - the two points of intersection of the hyperbola and the transverse
axis, V1 and V2 .

 The vertices are points on the hyperbola, collinear with the center
and foci.

 If y  0 , then x  a Each vertex is a units away from the center.

 The segment V1 and V2 , is called transverse axis. Its length is 2a.

transverse axis - the line that contains the foci and goes through the center
of the hyperbola.

conjugate axis – the line that is perpendicular to the transverse axis and
goes through the center of hyperbola.

asymptotes - The asymptotes of the hyperbola are the two lines passing
through the center which serves as a guide in graphing the hyperbola.

Note of the following observations

 if x 2 comes first before y 2 or when x 2 is positive then, the transverse

axis is horizontal and the opening of the curve is right side and left
side.

 If y 2 comes first before x 2 or when y 2 is positive then, the transverse

axis is vertical and the opening of the curve is upward and
downward.

Standard Equation of Hyperbola with Vertex at (0,0)

Horizontal Transverse Axis,

In the given graph,

 the Center: (0,0)

 the Vertices: V1 (a,0) and V2 (a,0)
 the Foci: F1 (c,0) and F2 (c,0)
 the coordinate of the conjugate
axis: (0,b) and (0, b)
b
 the Asymptotes: y   x and
a
b
y  x or to determine the
a
 x2 y 2
asymptote replace 1 by 0 in the standard equation 2  2  0 , then solve
a b
for .

Standard Equation of Hyperbola with Vertex at (0,0)

Vertical Transverse Axis,

In the given graph,

 the Center: (0,0)

 the Vertices: V1 (0,a) and V2 (0, a)
 the Foci: F1 (0,c) and F1 (0, c)
 the coordinate of the conjugate
axis: (b,0) and (b,0)
a
 the Asymptotes: y   x and
b
a
y  x or to determine the
b
y 2 x2
asymptote replace 1 by 0 in the standard equation 2  2  0 , then solve
a b
for .

Illustrative Examples:

x2 y 2
I. Graph the given equation  1
144 25
Steps :
1. Identify if the transverse axis is horizontal or vertical: horizontal
2. Identify the value of a, b and c

c  a 2  b2
a 2  144 b 2  25 c  144  25
a  12 b5 c  169
c  13
3. Determine the following
 Center: (0,0) : (0,0)
  Vertices: V1 (a,0) and V2 (a,0) : (-12,0) and (12,0)
 Foci: F1 (c,0) and F2 (c,0) : (-13,0) and (13,0)
 Coordinate of Conjugate axis : (0,-5) and (0,5)
a 12
 Asymptotes: y x : y x
b 5

4. Steps in Graphing:

a. Mark the center at point (0,0) .,

b. From the center in Step 1, find the transverse and conjugate axes.
Since x 2 comes first in the given equation, then transverse axis is
horizontal and can be found in the x-axis. In the x -axis, plot the
vertices (-12,0) and (12,0) and at the y-axis plot the coordinates of
conjugate axis (0,-5) and (0,5). Use these points to draw an auxiliary
rectangle that will guide the shape of your hyperbola .,

c. Draw diagonal lines (asymptote) through the center and the

corners of the rectangle that extend beyond the rectangle.,

d. Plot the coordinates of the foci (-13,0) and (13,0) .,

e. Sketch the curves passing through the vertices. Note that the
graph approaches the diagonal lines (asymptotes) but never
actually touches them.

y 2 x2
II. Graph the given equation  1
4 20
Steps :
1. Identify if the transverse axis is horizontal or vertical: vertical
2. Identify the value of a,b and c
 c  a 2  b2
a2  4 b2  20 c  4  20
a2 b2 5 c  24
c2 6
3. Determine the following:
 Center: (0,0) : (0,0)
 Vertices: V1 (0,a) and V2 (0, a) : (0,-2) and (0,2)
 Foci: F1 (0,c) and F1 (0, c) : (0,-2 6 ) and (0,2 6 )
 Coordinate of Conjugate axis : (-2 5 ,0) and (2 5 ,0)

a 2 5
 Asymptotes: y x : y x then y   x
b 2 5 5

4. Steps in Graphing:

a. Mark the center at point (0,0) .,

b. From the center in Step 1, find the transverse and conjugate

axes. Since y 2 comes first in the given equation, then transverse
axis is vertical and can be found in the y-axis.In the x -axis, plot
the vertices (0,-2) and (0,2) and at the y-axis plot the coordinates
of conjugate axis (-2 5 ,0) and (2 5 ,0). Use these points to draw
an auxiliary rectangle that will guide the shape of your hyperbola
.,
c. Draw diagonal lines (asymptote) through the center and the
corners of the rectangle that extend beyond the rectangle.,

d. Plot the coordinates of the foci (0,-2 6 ) and (0,2 6 ) .,

e. Sketch the curves passing through the vertices. Note that the
graph approaches the diagonal lines (asymptotes) but never
actually touches them.
 ACTIVITIES

A. Complete the table.

Equation vertices foci asymptote transverse

axis
1.

2.

B. Using the vertex, foci and asymptote of activity A, sketch its graph.

1. 2.
 WRAP–UP

Horizontal Transverse Axis: Vertictal Transverse Axis:

y0 x0

VALUING

Solving math problems is a challenging task because it teaches us

how to use logic and apply problem-solving skills when we are faced with
challenges that are new to us. Like the hyperbola, facing in different
directions, we encounter different problems from different sources. The
challenge is how we are going to face these problems positively. It is
important that we know and study our problems carefully so that we will be
able to solve them correctly.

POSTTEST
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Use the
given standard equation of hyperbola in answering the following
questions:

1. What are the coordinates of the vertices?

a. (-15,0) and (15,.0) b. (0,-15) and (0,15)

2. What are the coordinates of the foci?

a. (0,-17) and (0,17) b. (-17,0) and (17,0)

3. The orientation of the transverse axis is ________ .

a. horizontal b. vertical

4. Which of the following is its asymptote?

8 15
a. y   x b. y x
15 8

5. Which of the following graphs is the representation of the given

equation?

a. b.
Activities
A. Complete the table.
Equation verti foci asympto Transver
ces te se axis
1. 9 3 3 (0,-9) (0,- ) vertical
& (0,9) &
(0, )
2. 5 1 5 (-5,0) ( ) horizontal
0 & (5,0) &
(5 ,0)
B. Using the vertex, foci and asymptote of activity A, sketch its
graph.
1. 2.
KEY TO CORRECTION
 R E F E R E N CE S

1. “How to Graph a Hyperbola.” dummies. Accessed June 29, 2020.

https://www.dummies.com/education/math/calculus/how-to-graph-a-hyperbola/.

2. “James S. McDonnell Planetarium (Saint Louis) - 2018 All You Need to Know Before
You Go (with Photos) - TripAdviso...: St Louis Science Center, St Louis, Trip Advisor.”
Pinterest. Accessed June 29, 2020.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/572731277607403384/.

3. Leithold, L. College Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison Wesley Longman Inc.,

1989.

reprinted by Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2002.

4. Lial, M.L., J Hornsby, and D.I Schneider. College Algebra and Trigonometry and
Precalculus. Addison-Wesley Educational Publisher, Inc., 2001.