Precalculus

SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL

Parabolas: Module

5
vertex at (h, k) Quarter 1
Precalculus
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Parabolas: vertex at (h,k)
First Edition, 2020

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Precalculus
Module

5
Quarter 1

Parabolas:
vertex at (h, k)

HIGH

SENIOR

SCHOOL
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Precalculus (Senior High School) Module 5 on a Parabolas: vertex at

(h, k)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:
 Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Precalculus (Senior High School) Module 2 on a Parabolas: vertex

at (h, k)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
 Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module. Ito po ang parts ng module

EXPECTATION

Lesson: PARABOLAS: vertex at (h, k)

This module aims to give more information about parabolas.

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. graph a parabola given an equation in vertex form with vertex at (h, k).
 PRETEST

Directions: Give the letter of the best answer.

1. In the given equation (𝑥 − 2)2 = −6(𝑦 + 4), which of following is the

opening of a parabola?

a. downward b.to the left c. to the right d. upward

2. Which of the following is the vertex of a parabola (𝑥 − 3)2 = 6(𝑦 + 2)

a. (3,2) b. (−3,2) c. (3,−2) d.(−3, −2)

3. The vertex of a parabola is (3,0), focus is 4 units from the vertex and the
parabola opens downward. What are the coordinates of focus?
a. (3,4) b. (4, −3, ) c. (3,−4) d.(4,3)

4. In the given equation (𝑥 + 7)2 = 10(𝑦 − 1) , which of the following is the

length of the latus rectum?
a. 1 unit b. 5 units c. 7 units d. 10 units

5. Which of the following is the standard equation of a parabola with vertex

at (h, k) if it opens upward?
a. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 4𝑐(𝑦 − 𝑘)

b. (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 4𝑐(𝑥 − ℎ)
c. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = −4𝑐(𝑦 − 𝑘)

d. (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = −4𝑐(𝑥 − ℎ)

RECAP
 In your previous lesson, you learned the standard equation of a
parabola with vertex at (0,0).

When the parabola opens upward, the vertex form is 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒄𝒚 and when
it opens downward, the vertex form is 𝒙𝟐 = −𝟒𝒄𝒚.

If the parabola opens to the right, the vertex formed is 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒄𝒙. The role
of x and y are interchanged (from 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒄𝒚) . And when the parabola opens to
the left, the vertex form is 𝒚𝟐 = −𝟒𝒄𝒙.

LESSON

Now, we will consider the parabolas with vertex at (𝒉, 𝒌) and whose
axis of symmetry is the line 𝒙 = 𝒉.

Thus, the standard equation of a parabola with vertex at (𝒉, 𝒌) can be

written in any of the following forms.

If the parabola opens upward, then the standard equation is

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒄(𝒚 − 𝒌), 𝒄 > 𝟎 where the focus is on
the line 𝒙 = 𝒉 and is 𝒄 units above the vertex at (𝒉, 𝒌).

If the parabola opens downward, then the standard equation is

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 = −𝟒𝒄(𝒚 − 𝒌), 𝒄 > 𝟎 where the focus is on
the line 𝒙 = 𝒉 and is 𝒄 units below the vertex at (𝒉, 𝒌).

The parabolas with vertex at (𝒉, 𝒌) and whose axis of symmetry is the
line 𝒚 = 𝒌, can be written in any of the following standard forms:

If the parabola opens to the right, then the standard equation is

(𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒄(𝒙 − 𝒉), 𝒄>𝟎
where the focus is on the line 𝒚 = 𝒌 and is 𝒄 units to the right of the vertex
at (𝒉, 𝒌).
If the parabola opens to the left, then the standard equation is
(𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = −𝟒𝒄(𝒙 − 𝒉), 𝒄 > 𝟎 where the focus is on
the line 𝒚 = 𝒌 and is 𝒄 units to the left of the vertex at
(𝒉, 𝒌).
 Note the following observations:

• If the 𝒙-part is squared, the parabola is vertical; if the 𝒚 -part is

squared, the parabola is horizontal.
• If the coefficient on the right term part is positive, the parabola opens
upward or to the right; if negative, the parabola opens downward or
to the left.

PROPERTIES OF PARABOLA Standard Equation of a Parabola

with Vertex at (h, k)

In the given graph,

• the vertex is NOT a point of origin: V(𝒉, 𝒌).

• the focus of the parabola is at F(𝒉, 𝒌 + 𝒄).
• the directrix is the line 𝒚 = 𝒌 − 𝒄.
• the focal distance is c. Distance from the vertex to the focus and from
the vertex to the directrix.
• the point (𝒙, 𝒚) represents any point on the curve.
• the axis of symmetry is vertical and the equation is 𝒙 = 𝒉.
• the length of latus rectum that passes through the focus is 4c.
 Standard Equation of a Parabola with Vertex at (h, k)

In the given graph,

• the vertex is NOT a point of origin: V(𝒉, 𝒌).

• the focus of the parabola is at F(𝒉, 𝒌 − 𝒄).
• the directrix is the line 𝒚 = 𝒌 + 𝒄.
• the focal distance is c. Distance from the vertex to the focus and from
the vertex to the directrix.
• the point (𝒙, 𝒚) represents any point on the curve.
• the axis of symmetry is vertical and the equation is 𝒙 = 𝒉.
• the length of latus rectum that passes through the focus is 4c.

Standard Equation of a Parabola with Vertex at (h, k)

In the given graph,

• the vertex is NOT a point of origin: V(𝒉, 𝒌).

• the focus of the parabola is at F(𝒉 + 𝒄, 𝒌).
• the directrix is the line 𝒚 = 𝒉 − 𝒄.
• the focal distance is c. Distance from the vertex to the focus and from
the vertex to the directrix.
• the point (𝒙, 𝒚) represents any point on the curve.
• the axis of symmetry is horizontal and the equation is 𝒚 = 𝒌.
• the length of latus rectum that passes through the focus is 4c.

Standard Equation of a Parabola with Vertex at (h, k)

In the given graph,

• the vertex is NOT a point of origin: V(𝒉, 𝒌).

• the focus of the parabola is at F(𝒉 − 𝒄, 𝒌).
• the directrix is the line 𝒙 = 𝒉 + 𝒄.
• the focal distance is c. Distance from the vertex to the focus and from
the vertex to the directrix.
• the point (𝒙, 𝒚) represents any point on the curve.
• the axis of symmetry is horizontal and the equation is 𝒚 = 𝒌.
• the length of latus rectum that passes through the focus is 4c.

Example 1. Draw the parabola with equation (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐(𝒚 − 𝟏).

Solution: Find the value of c.

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 4𝑐(𝑦 − 𝑘) standard equation (opens upward)

(𝑥 − 2)2 = 12(𝑦 − 1) given equation

4𝑐 = 12 → 𝑐 = 3
Find the following:

Vertex (ℎ, 𝑘): (2,1)

Focus (ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑐): (2, 1 + 3) → (2,4)

Directrix: 𝑦 = 𝑘 − 𝑐

𝑦 = 1 − 3 → 𝑦 = −2
Length of Latus Rectum: 4𝑐
4(3) = 12 units Axis of Symmetry: 𝑥 = ℎ → 𝑥 = 2

Example 2. Draw the graph of (𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 = −𝟒(𝒚 − 𝟑).

Solution:
Find the value of c.
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 = −4𝑐(𝑦 − 𝑘) standard equation (opens downward)
(𝑥 + 4)2 = −4 (𝑦 − 3) given equation

−4𝑐 = −4 → 𝑐 = 1

Find the following:

Vertex (ℎ, 𝑘): (−4,3)

Focus (ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑐): (−4, 3 − 1) → (−4, 2)

Directrix: 𝑦 = 𝑘 + 𝑐

𝑦=3+1→𝑦=4
Length of Latus Rectum: 4𝑐
4(1) = 4 units
Axis of Symmetry: 𝑥 = ℎ → 𝑥 = −4

ACTIVITIES
A. Directions:Analyze the following equations. Find the vertex of the given
equations of parabola with vertex at (h, k).
Equation Vertex

1. (𝑥 − 1)2 = 8(𝑦 − 6)

2. (𝑦 + 3)2 = −8(𝑥 − 1)

3. (𝑥 + 4)2 = −6𝑦

4. 𝑦2 = 12(𝑥 + 5)

5. (𝑥 − 2)2 = − (𝑦 + 2)

B. Consider the parabola whose equation is (𝑥 − 2)2 = 12(𝑦 − 1).

Fill in the blanks.
1. The parabola opens __________________.
2. The vertex of a parabola is at ______________.
3. The focus of a parabola is at _______________.
4. An equation of the axis of the parabola is _____________.
5. An equation of the directrix of the parabola is ___________. C. Sketch

the graph of the parabola (𝑥 − 2)2 = 12(𝑦 − 1).

WRAP UP
 VALUING
The application of parabola as a curve is not restricted to
the
world of mathematics. It can also be seen in objects and things around us in
our everyday life. Parabolic surfaces are used in radar dishes, flashlights,
headlights, and more.

In this lesson, the vertex of the parabola is not in the point of origin. It
is located in any of the four quadrants in a Cartesian coordinate plane. In our
situation nowadays, we are all faced with problems which could be simple,
complicated, complex or critical. Whatever challenges in life we encounter,
always ask the guidance of our Lord to give us positive outlook in life. Let’s
put God in the center of our lives, think of Him as the point of origin of our
being and everything will come together in place.

POSTTEST

A. Find the vertex of the given equations of parabola with vertex at (h, k)
Equation Vertex

1. (𝑥 + 1)2 = 6(𝑦 − 8)

2. (𝑥 + 9)2 = −5(𝑦 + 1)

3. (𝑥 − 4)2 = −10𝑦

4. 𝑥2 = 8(𝑦 + 6)

5. (𝑥 − 8)2 = − (𝑦 − 2)
B. Consider the parabola whose equation is (𝑦 + 2)2 = −10(𝑦 + 6). Fill in the
blanks.

1. The parabola opens __________________.

2. The vertex of a parabola is at ______________.

3. The focus of a parabola is at _______________.

4. An equation of the axis of the parabola is _____________.
5. An equation of the directrix of the parabola is ___________.

C. Sketch the graph of the given equation of a parabola (𝑦 + 2)2 = −10(𝑦 + 6).
 KEY TO CORRECTION

A 5. - 2)
, (2 5. =−2 𝑦 5.
D 4. , 0) (-5 4. =2 𝑥 4.
C 3. (-4,0) 3. ,4) (2 3.
C 2. - 3)
, (1 2. , 1) (2 2.
A 1. ,6) (1 1. UPWARD 1.
PRE-TEST ANSWER KEY ACTIVITY A ACTIVITY B

ACTIVITY C

REFERENCES

BOOK
Cuaresma, Genaro A. et al. 2004. Analytic Geometry and Calculus 1: A
Worktext for Math 26. Los Baños, Laguna: Institute of Mathematical
Sciences and Physics, University of the Philippines.
Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. 2016. Precalculus
Learner's Material.
Leithold, Louis. 1989. College Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison Bourne, Murray.
Wesley Longman Inc., reprinted by Pearson Education Asia “The
Pte. Ltd., 2002. Parabola.”
Interactive
Mathematics.
WEBSITE Accessed June
8, 2020.
 https://www.intmath.com/plane-analytic-geometry/4parabol
a.php
Kommentar [RPO1]: I have reservation here maam emma. I just want to know if this website address
used and accessed was not copyrighted. If it copyrighted, I guess we had asked for permission to use. The
given example on how to use cmos in website address is intended if the site is not copyrighted po. I have
added already the pages after the reference page. Thanks po.