Precalculus

SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL

Module
An Overview of Conic Sections
1
Quarter 1
Precalculus
Quarter 1 – Module 1: An Overview of Conic Sections
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Erwin C. Lugtu

Editor: Nenet M. Peñaranda
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Cerina V. Galoy (Technical)
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Precalculus HIGH

SENIOR

SCHOOL

Module 1

Quarter 1
An Overview of

Conic Sections

Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Precalculus for Senior High School Module on An Overview of Conic Sections!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with the
Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Precalculus Module on An Overview of Conic Sections!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that
you understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
Learning Objective:
At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola, ellipse, circle,

hyperbola, and degenerate conics.

PRETEST

Tell what conic section (Parabola, Ellipse, Circle, Hyperbola, Degenerate

Conics) is formed when a double right circular cone is intersected with a
plane given the following situation:

1. when the plane not passing through the vertex is horizontal

2. when the plane intersects only one cone to form a bounded curve
3. when the plane intersects only one cone to form an unbounded curve
4. when the plane (not necessarily vertical) intersects both cones to form
two unbounded curves
5. curves of intersection we get when the vertex is included
RECAP

A cone is a 3-dimensional shape in geometry formed by a set of line

segments which connects a common point called the apex or vertex. The
distance from the vertex of a cone to its flat base (usually a circle) is the
height of the cone. Its axis is the segment joining the vertex and the center
of the circular base.

Basically, there are two types of cones: Right Circular Cone and Oblique
Cone. A cone which has a circular base and the axis from the vertex of the
cone towards the base passes through the center of the circular base is
called a right circular cone where the axis is perpendicular with the base of
the cone (See Figure 1.1).

If the axis of the cone is not perpendicular with its base, it is called an
oblique cone (See Figure 1.2).

A double right circular cone is a geometric figure made up of two right

circular cones with a common vertex or apex as shown in Figure 1.3.
Typically, a double right circular cone is considered to extend infinitely far in
both directions, especially in this lesson that we will be working with conic
sections and degenerate conics.
 LESSON

A conic section, or simply conic, is the intersection of a plane and a double

right circular cone.

A line lying entirely on the cone is called a generator

of the cone, and all generators of a cone pass
through its vertex, which is the only point where the
two nappes intersect (See Figure 1.4).

There are basically two types of conics: degenerate

and non-degenerate.
A degenerate conic is either a point, a line or two
intersecting lines. It is formed when a plane
intersects a double right circular cone that pass
through its vertex. Refer to Figures 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7.
A non-degenerate conic is either a parabola, an ellipse, or a hyperbola.
These conics can be characterized by the number of generators which are
parallel to a cutting plane.
Suppose a plane intersects a right circular cone such that the conic formed
is non-degenerate. If the cutting plane is parallel to one and only one
generator, the curve of intersection is a parabola (See Figure 1.7).

If the cutting plane is not parallel to any generator; that is, it cuts all
generators, the curve of intersection is called an ellipse (See Figure 1.8).
Given this description, it is possible that the cutting plane is parallel to the
base of the cone. In this case, the curve of intersection is a circle. This
means that circle is a special type of ellipse (See Figure 1.9)

If the cutting plane is parallel to two generators, the curve of intersection is

a hyperbola (See Figure 1.10).
By observation of the figures, a circle is formed when the plane not passing
through the vertex is horizontal. A parabola is formed when the plane
intersects only one cone to form an unbounded curve. An ellipse is formed
when the intersecting plane intersects only one cone to form a bounded
curve. A hyperbola is formed when the plane (not necessarily vertical)
intersects both cones to form two unbounded curves.
ACTIVITIES

Crossword Puzzle
Directions: Fill in the crossword
puzzle with the words described by
each item. Match the item number to
the boxes placed across or down the
grid.

ACROSS:
1. a line lying entirely on the cone
3. the intersection of a plane and a
double right circular cone
5. part of a double right circular
cone, one is upper and the other is
lower
7. the point where the two nappes intersect where all generators pass
through it.
DOWN:
2. a special case of ellipse
4. formed when the plane (not necessarily vertical) intersects both
cones/nappes to form two unbounded curves
6. formed when the intersecting plane intersects only one cone/nappe to
form a bounded curve
8. either a point, line or two intersecting lines
9. formed when the plane intersects only one cone to form an unbounded
curve
10. 3-dimensional shape in geometry formed by a set of line segments which
connects a common point called apex
WRAP–UP

Remember the following important terms discussed for it will be used in the
next discussions about Conic Sections:

• conic section - the intersection of a plane and a double right circular

cone.
• generator - a line lying entirely on the cone
• vertex - the only point where the two nappes intersect
• degenerate conic - either a point, a line or two intersecting lines.
• non-degenerate conic - either a parabola, an ellipse, or a hyperbola.
• parabola – the curve formed if the cutting plane is parallel to one and
only one generator of the double right circular cone, the plane
intersects only one cone to form an unbounded curve
• ellipse - the curve formed if the cutting plane is not parallel to any
generator of the double right circular cone, the intersecting plane
intersects only one cone to form a bounded curve
• circle - a special case of ellipse formed when the plane not passing
through the vertex is horizontal
• hyperbola – the curve formed if the cutting plane is parallel to two
generators of the double right circular cone, the plane intersects both
cones to form two unbounded curves

VALUING
 We introduced the conics as a particular class
of curves formed when a cone is cut and formed
sections. They oftentimes appear in nature and
which have applications in other fields. We
always see objects or events associated with
conics. One of the first shapes we learned, a
circle, is everywhere. When you throw a ball
when playing basketball, the trajectory it takes
is a parabola. The orbit taken by each planet
around the sun is an ellipse. Properties of
hyperbolas have been used in the design of
certain telescopes and navigation systems.

These sections are taken as parts of a whole with unique characteristics and
importance. Parabola, Ellipse, Circle and Hyperbola are made from a cone
by an intersecting plane.
Just like the parts of a man created by God: spirit,
soul and body. We need to realize that we were all
created with three basic parts: a spirit, a soul, and
a body. “And the God of peace Himself sanctify you
wholly, and may your spirit and soul and body be
preserved complete,…” Find the importance of
these parts and we will see how strong He loves us.

POSTTEST

I. TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the given statement is true. Otherwise,

write FALSE.

1. Non-degenerate conics are curves of intersection we get when

 the vertex is included.
2. When the plane not passing through the vertex of the double
right circular cone is horizontal or parallel to the base, the
section made is a circle.
3. Parabola is the conic section made when the plane intersects
only one cone to form a bounded curve.
4. When the plane intersects only one cone to form an unbounded

curve, the section made is an ellipse.

5. Hyperbola is made when the plane (not necessarily vertical)
intersects both cones to form two unbounded curves.
II. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is the intersection of a plane and a double right

circular cone?
A. Conic section C. Nappe
B. Generator D. Vertex

2. It is the only point where the two nappes of the double right circular
cone intersect.
A. Conics C. Nappe
B. Generator D. Vertex
3. The following are degenerate conics, except ________.
A. Intersecting Lines C. Plane
B. Line D. Point

4. Which of the following is a special case of ellipse?

A. Circle C. Hyperbola
B. Cone D. Parabola
5. It is the curve formed if the cutting plane is parallel to two generators
of the double right circular cone.
A. Circle C. Hyperbola
B. Cone D. Parabola
 REFERENCES

Books:
1. Cuaresma, et.al (2004). ANALYTIC GEOMETRY AND CALCULUS I: A
Worktext for MATH 26. Institute of Mathematical Sciences and
Physics, University of the Philippines at Los Baños, Laguna,
Philippines
2. Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (2016).
PRECALCULUS LEARNER’S MATERIAL.
3. Feliciano and Uy (1994). MODERN ANALYTIC GEOMETRY. Merriam
and Webster Bookstore, Inc. Metro Manila, Philippines
4. Munem and Yizze (2002). Precalculus: Functions and Graphs Seventh
Edition. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa 52002
5. Pelias, JG P (2016). PRE-CALCULUS. Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI).
Sampaloc, Manila

Web:
1. https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/conic-sections-hyperbolas.html
2. https://blog.biblesforamerica.org/the-three-parts-of-man-spirit-souland-
body/

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

EDISON P. CLET
Illustrator

ELINETTE B. DELA CRUZ

Project Development Officer II (LRMS)
Lay-out Artist

ERWIN C. LUGTU

Video/PowerPoint Presenter

NAME

Video/ PowerPoint Editor

NAME

Video/ PowerPoint Reviewer

ERWIN C. LUGTU

School Subject Coordinator

 MONETTE P. VEGA

School Head

DIANA MARIE P. DAGLI

Public Schools District Supervisor