HYPERBOLA

A hyperbola is formed by the double intersection of the double cone, but not necessarily in the center. It is a type of continuous
curve that appears to be in a plane, and has two connected components or branches that are mirror reflections of one another and
resemble two infinite bows. Is a group of points in a plane whose distances from two fixed points, known as its foci or focus.

A hyperbola has two basic forms according to the direction of its transverse axis: Vertical Transverse Axis and Horizontal Transverse
Axis. The vertices lie on the same horizontal or vertical line and with openings of the graphs. It should be noted that when the
equation starts at x² it is considered as Horizontal Hyperbola (opens left and right) and when it starts at y² it is a Vertical Hyperbola
(opens up and down). When the plane is parallel to the axis of the cone, then a regular hyperbola is obtained.

EQUATION AND GRAPH OF A HYPERBOLA WITH CENTER AT THE ORIGIN (0,0) AND AT (h.k)

Horizontal Hyperbola Vertical Hyperbola

(x² comes first) y² comes first

x² y² y² x²
At (0,0): - =1 At (0,0): - =1
a² b² a² b²

( x−h) ² ( y−k )² ( y−k )² ( x−h) ²

General: - =1 General: - =1
a² b² a² b²

a² + b² = c² a² + b² = c²

Center: (h,k) Foci: (h,k± b) Center: (h,K) Foci: (h,k ±c)

Vertices: (h± a , k ¿ Co-Vertices: (h,k ± b) Vertices: (h,k ± a) Co-Vertices: (h ± b, k)

 b a
Asymptotes: y – k = ± (x – h) asymptotes: y-k = ± (x – h)
a b

HYPERBOLA

• Hyperbola is the set of all points in a plane such that the differences of its distance from two fixed points, called the foci, is
constant.

• It looks like two mirrored parabolas whose vertices lie on the same horizontal or vertical line and opposite openings of the
graphs

• Hyperbola has two basic forms according to the direction of its transverse axis: Vertical Transverse Axis and Horizontal
Transverse Axis.

Vertical Transverse Axis Horizontal Transverse Axis

 VOCABULARY TERMS

• Center - the midpoint of the line segment joining its foci.

• Vertices - the point on each branch closest to the center and the endpoints of the transverse axis.

• Co - Vertices - the endpoints of the conjugate axis

• Asymptote - two lines that lie between the two branches of the hyperbola

• Foci - two fixed points located inside each curve of a hyperbola that are used in the curves formal definition

• Latus Rectum - the chord through a focus and perpendicular to the transverse axis

• Transverse Axis - the line segment that contains the center of the hyperbola and whose endpoints are two vertices of the
hyperbola.

Hyperbola with a Horizontal Transverse Axis

 The standard form of the equation of a hyperbola with a horizontal transverse axis with center (h,k) is given by:

( x−h) ²
a²
- ( y−k
b²
)²
=1

Where a and b are positive real numbers

10 QUIZ2 IN EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS Solution and Answers

(1-4 Evaluating of Exponential Functions)

1. f(6) = 36
1. If f(x) = 3ˣ and g(x) = 5ˣ find f(6) and g(4) f(6) - 729

2. if f(x) = 3⁻ˣ⁻ᵌ, find f(4) 2.

3. if h(x) = 4⁻²⁻ˣ, find h(3)

4. if f(x) = 2ˣ⁺ᵌ, find f(5)

(5-7 Exponential Function)

5. 7ˣ = 343

1
6. 5ˣ =
625

7. 8ˣ = 262 144

8-10 (Exponential Inequalities)

8. 6xˣ < 216

9. 5xᵌ + 375 ≥ 1000

10. 3xᵌ ≥2,187

Examples in Pre-cal

Example 1:

a. 36x² - 25y² - 900 = 0

Solution:

( x−h) ² ( y−k )²
Transform the equation 36x² - 25y² - 900 = 0 in the form of - = 1, transpose the constant term to the right side of
a² b²
the equation by 900. Thus,

36 xˣ 25 yˣ 900
- =
900 900 900

xˣ y 2
- =1
25 36

Center: (0,0)

a² = 25 a = ±5

b² = 36 b = ±6

c² = a² + b² = 25 + 36 = √ 61 = c = ± 7.8

Foci: (7,8,0) (-7,8,0)

Vertices: (5,0) (-5,0)

Co- Vertices: (0,6) (0,-6)

Example 2:

b. X² - y² + 10x +4y + 20 = 0
(x² + 10x) – (y² - 4y) = -20
(x² + 10x + 25) – (y² - 4y + 4) = -20 + 25 – 4

( x +5)² ( y−2) ²
- =1
1 1

Center: (-5,2)

a² = 1 a=±1

b² = 1 b=±1

c² = a² + b²

=1+1=2

= √2 C = ± 1.4

Foci: (-5 + 1.4, 2) = (-3,6,2) Co Vertices: (-5, 2+1) = (-5, 3)

(-5 – 1.4, 2) = (-6.4, 2) (-5, 2-1) = (-5, 1)

Vertices: ( -5 + 1, 2) = (-4,2)

(-5 – 1, 2) = (-6, 2)
Example 3:

y² x ²
-
36 49

Center: (0.0)

a² = 36 a = ±6

b² = 49 b=±7

c² = 85 c = ±9.8

Foci: (0,9.2), (0, -9.2)

Vertices: ( 0,6), (0, -6)

Co Vertices: (7, 0) , (-7,0)

Example 4:

Scratch the graph of the hyperbola defined by:

( y +3)² ( x−3) ²
- =1
36 81

Center: (3,-3)

a² = 36 a = ±6

b² = 81 b=±9

c² = a² + b² = 36 + 81 c = ± 10.8

= √ 117

Foci: (3,-3+10.8) = (3,7.8)

(3, -3 – 10.8) = (3, -13. 8)

Vertices: ( 3, 13+6) = (3,3)

Co Vertices: (3+9, -3) = (12, -3)

(3-9, -3) = (-6, -3)

Example 5:

Graph the hyperbola 64x² - 49y² = 3,136

x ² y²
- =1
49 64

Center: (0,0)

a² = 49 a = ±7

b² = 64 b = ±8

c² = a² + b² = √ 113 c= ± 10.6

Foci: (10.6, 0) (-10.6, 0)

Vertices: (7,0) (-7,0)

Co vertices: (0,8) 0,-8)