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0 Conic Sections
4.1 ¿˚
Definition:
A shape that are formed∨created when a plane are intersecting a cone
at ¿ angles(90 degree angle )¿ the cone ’ s axis.
˚
this equation is basically formed ¿ the pythagoras threorem
(a 2+ b2=h 2)
where , h isthe radius ( r ) , ais y−k∧bis x−h .
¿ most point : ( h+ r , k )
¿ point : ( h−r , k )
4. Draw a line around the point of centre ,that have the same distance ¿ the centre .
The line is connected ¿ a point∧back around ¿ the same point .
(distance ¿the point of centre ¿the line is equal at all point of theline)
EXAMPLE :
Finding centre ,
Findingradius ,
radius , r= √ 9
r =3
(-5,10)
4.2 ellipse
4.3 parabolas
Definition:
A curve shaped like an arch formed ∨created by the∩of a cone∧a plane
that is parellel ¿ its side , whichis a symmetrical open plane curve .
( x−h)2=4 p( y −k )
vertex ,(h , k )
focus, ( h , k + p )
directrix , y=k− p
axis of symmetry , x=h
p>0
vertex ,(h , k )
focus, ( h , k −p )
directrix , y=k + p
axis of symmetry , x=h
p<0
( y−k )2=4 p (x−h)
vertex ,(h , k )
focus, ( h+ p , k )
directrix , y=h− p
axis of symmetry , x=k
p>0
vertex ,(h , k )
focus, ( h− p , k )
directrix , y=h+ p
axis of symmetry , x=k
p<0
GRAPHING TECHNIQUE OF PARABOLA :
1. if a non standard equation is given ,
turnthe non standard equation ¿ a standard equation, that is
( x−h)2=4 p( y−k )∨( y −k ) 2=4 p ( x−h).
2. decide the direction of parabola by looking at the standard equation given∈the question .
example :
x 2+ 8 x− y +2=0
x 2+ 8 x= y−2
−8 2 2
−8
2
x −8 x−
2 ( )
= y −2+
2 ( )
( x−4 )2= y +14
Directrix , y=k – p
−57
y=
4
55
(
focus, 4 ,−
4 ) Directrix , y=
−57
4
vertex ,(4 ,−14 )
4.4 hyperbola
Definition:
a symmetrical open curve formed ∨created by the∩of a circular cone with a plane at a
smaller angle with its axisthan the side of the cone .
Mathematically ,
the pair of hyperbolas formed by the∩of a planewith two equal cones on
opposite sides of the same vertex .
(x−h)2 ( y −k )2
− =1
a2 b2
b ¿ open up∧down
( y−k )2 (x −h)2
− =1
b2 a2
example :
(x−2)2 ( y +1 )2
− =1
4 9
b
asymptote : y−k=± ( x−h )
a
3
y +1=± ( x−2 )
2