Saint Anthony’s 111

Santa Cruz, Santa Ana, Cagayan 3514 | FAS School System

LEARNING MODULE 1
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
GRADE LEVEL/QUARTER: 7 / FIRST QUARTER
TOPIC: SETs and INTEGER and its Operation
Real Roots of a Number (Rational or Irrational)
SCHOOL YEAR: 2021- 2022
SUBJECT TEACHER: JAKE IRECE CORPUZ

INTRODUCTION:
Set theory is the mathematical theory of well-determined collections, called sets, of
objects that are called members, or elements, of the set. The axioms of set theory imply
the existence of a set-theoretic universe so rich that all mathematical objects can be
construed as sets.
Between the years 1874 and 1897, the German mathematician and logician Georg
Cantor created a theory of abstract sets of entities and made it into a mathematical
discipline. This theory grew out of his investigations of some concrete problems
regarding certain types of infinite sets of real numbers.
Frankly speaking, set theory (namely ZFC) is nowadays considered as a foundation of
all other branches of math, which means that you can comprehend it without any
background knowledge. However, there is a problem. ZFC is highly formalized and its
expressions can be difficult to understand as they are given. Because of its very general
or abstract nature, set theory has many applications in other branches of mathematics.
In the branch called analysis, of which differential and integral calculus are important
parts, an understanding of limit points and what is meant by the continuity of a
function are based on set theory.

STANDARDS
Content Standard Competencies Objectives
LESSON: The learner • Describes a • Define and
INTEGERS AND demonstrates well-defined illustrate a
ITS understanding of.. set, subsets, set
OPERATION • The key universal set • Differentiate
concepts of and the null sets
sets, the real sets and • Determine
number cardinality of the unions
system, sets and
estimation/ap • Illustrate intersection
proximation union and of a set
of a square of intersection • Define Venn
a number and of a set Diagram
the measures • Use Venn • Illustrate
of quantities diagram to sets using
and the represent Venn
 applications sets, subsets Diagram
of real and set • Identify
numbers to operations integers
measurements • Solve • Find the
. problems absolute
involving sets value of a
• Represent the number
absolute • Solve
value a problems
number in a involving
number line integers
as the • Apply the
distance of a properties
number from involve in
0 solving
• Perform integers in
fundamental real life
operations on
integers
• Describes
principal
roots and tell
whether they
are rational
or irrational

ACTIVITY 1:
LETS REVIEW:
Let’s Check Your Progress! Mentally solve the following:
1. What geometric figures are present at your home? What measurement will you
use to tell their properties?
2. What are the four fundamental operation in mathematics?
3. Differentiate Area and Perimeter.
Pre-Activity
Can you help me to classify the following accordingly?

Falcon Milkfish Japan Red Barracuda Hongkong

Eagle Yellow Blue Stingray Pelican Thailand

How did you manage to classify the following?

WEEK 1

DISCUSSION 1:
SET is a well-defined collection of distinct objects or ideas called elements, that are
defined by common characteristics or attribute.
Example: Set of odd numbers from 1 to 1 A= {1,3,5,7,9}
Set of Primary Colors B = {Red, Blue, Yellow}

The number of elements in a given set is called the cardinal number. It symbolized by n.
For instance, our example above cardinality would be: n{A}= 5, while n {B}= 3.
Key points:
1. Universal Set is a complete set of objects under consideration. It uses the symbol U as
in U = {objects}
2. Empty set or Null Set: a set that contains no elements. An empty set is a subset of all
sets.
3. Subset: if each element of set A is also an element of set B Then A is a subset of B.

ACTIVITY 2
Determine at least 5 elements of the given set.
1. Set D: Reptiles
2. Set R: Secondary Colors
3. Set W: First 5 prime numbers

WEEK 2

DISCUSSION 2

UNION AND INTERSECTION OF SET

The union of two sets contains all the elements contained in either set (or both sets).
The union is notated A  ⋃  B.
More formally, x  ∊ A  ⋃ B if x ∊ A or x ∊ B (or both)
The intersection of two sets contains only the elements that are in both sets.
The intersection is notated A ⋂ B.
More formally, x  ∊ A  ⋂ B if x ∊ A and x ∊ B

The union of two sets A and B is the set of elements which are in A, in B, or in both A
and B in symbols, as another example, the number 9 is not contained in the union of the
set of prime numbers {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...} and the set of even numbers {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ...},
because 9 is neither prime nor even.
ACTIVITY 3:
Find the Union and Intersection of the figure below.

WEEK 3

DISCUSSION 3
THE VENN DIAGRAM
A Venn diagram is an illustration that uses circles to show the relationships among
things or finite groups of things. Circles that overlap have a commonality while circles
that do not overlap do not share those traits. Venn diagrams help to visually represent
the similarities and differences between two concepts.
Venn diagrams help to visually represent the similarities and differences between two
concepts. They have long been recognized for their usefulness as educational tools.
Since the mid-20th century, Venn diagrams have been used as part of the introductory
logic curriculum and in elementary-level educational plans around the world.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
• A Venn diagram uses circles that overlap or don't overlap to show the
commonalities and differences among things or groups of things.
• Things that have commonalities are shown as overlapping circles while things
that are distinct stand alone.
• Venn diagrams are now used as illustrations in business and in many academic
fields.
See example below: Using Venn Diagram

ACTIVITY 4:
Below
is an example of usage of Venn Diagram. Do the activity

WEEK 4
DISCUSSION:
PROBLEM INVOLVING SETS

Word problems on sets are solved here to get the basic ideas how to use the properties
of union and intersection of sets.

Solved basic word problems on sets:

1. Let A and B be two finite sets such that n(A) = 20, n(B) = 28 and n(A ∪ B) = 36, find
n(A ∩ B).
Solution: 

Using the formula n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B). 

then n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B) 

                    = 20 + 28 - 36 
= 48 - 36 
                    = 12 

Different types on word problems on sets:

In a group of 60 people, 27 like cold drinks and 42 like hot drinks and each person likes
at least one of the two drinks. How many like both coffee and tea? 

Solution: 

Let A = Set of people who like cold drinks. 

     B = Set of people who like hot drinks. 

Given 

(A ∪ B) = 60            n(A) = 27       n(B) = 42 then;

n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B) 

            = 27 + 42 - 60 

            = 69 - 60 = 9 

            = 9 

Therefore, 9 people like both tea and coffee. 

ACTIVITY 5:

In a competition, a school awarded medals in different categories. 36 medals in dance,

12 medals in dramatics and 18 medals in music. If these medals went to a total of 45
persons and only 4 persons got medals in all the three categories, how many received
medals in exactly two of these categories?

Solution:
Let A = set of persons who got medals in dance.

B = set of persons who got medals in dramatics.

C = set of persons who got medals in music.

Given,

n(A) = 36                              n(B) = 12       n(C) = 18

n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 45       n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 4

Finish the problem:

WEEK 5
DISCUSSION:
ABSOLUTE VALUE OF A NUMBER
What Does Absolute Value Mean?
Absolute value describes the distance from zero that a number is on the number
line, without considering direction. The absolute value of a number is never negative.
Take a look at some examples.
• The absolute value of 5 is 5. The distance from 5 to 0 is 5 units.

• The absolute value of –5 is 5. The distance from –5 to 0 is 5 units.

• The absolute value of 2 + (–7) is 5. When representing the sum on a number line, the
resulting point is 5 units from zero.

• The absolute value of 0 is 0. (This is why we don't say that the absolute value of a
number is positive. Zero is neither negative nor positive.)
Absolute Value Examples and Equations
The most common way to represent the absolute value of a number or expression is to
surround it with the absolute value symbol: two vertical straight lines.
• |6| = 6 means “the absolute value of 6 is 6.”
• |–6| = 6 means “the absolute value of –6 is 6.”
• |–2 – x| means “the absolute value of the expression –2 minus x.”
• –|x| means “the negative of the absolute value of x.”
The number line is not just a way to show distance from zero; it's also a useful way to
graph equalities and inequalities that contain expressions with absolute value.
Consider the equation |x| = 2. To show x on the number line, you need to show every
number whose absolute value is 2. There are exactly two places where that happens: at
2 and at –2:

Now consider |x| > 2. To show x on the number line, you need to show every number
whose absolute value is greater than 2. When you graph this on a number line, use open
 dots at –2 and 2 to indicate that those numbers are not part of the graph:

ACTIVITY 6:
Give the absolute Value {First Part and Second Part Only}

WEEK 6

DISCUSSION:
Operations on integers
Integers are whole numbers, both positive and negative. You can perform four basic
math operations on them: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. When
you add integers, remember that positive integers move you to the right on the number
line and negative integers move you to the left on the number line

Addition of Integer: To add integers having the same sign, keep the same sign and add
the absolute value of each number. To add integers with different signs, keep the sign of
the number with the largest absolute value and subtract the smallest absolute value
from the largest. Subtract an integer by adding its opposite.

Look at these:

To subtract integers, change the sign on the integer that is to be subtracted. If both

signs are positive, the answer will be positive. If both signs are negative, the answer will
be negative. If the signs are different subtract the smaller absolute value from the larger
absolute value.

Multiplication and Division of Integers. RULE 1: The product of a positive integer and a
negative integer is negative. RULE 2: The product of two positive integers is positive.
RULE 3: The product of two negative integers is positive.

What are the Four Rules for Multiplying Integers?

• Rule 1: Positive x Positive = Positive.
• Rule 2: Positive x Negative = Negative.
• Rule 3: Negative x Positive = Negative.
• Rule 4: Negative x Negative = Positive.
Study the following examples below:

ACTIVITY 7:

Solve this.

WEEK 7
DISCUSSION:
Principal roots of a Number.
Classifying Principal Nth Roots as Rational or Irrational Numbers to determine whether
a principal root is a rational or irrational number, determine if the radicand is a perfect
nth power of a number. If it is, then the root is rational. Otherwise, it is irrational.

What are rational and irrational numbers? Rational numbers are the numbers that can

be expressed in the form of a ratio (P/Q & Q≠0) and irrational numbers cannot be
expressed as a fraction. But both the numbers are real numbers and can be represented
in a number line.

Example 1:

The square roots of 25 are √25=5 and −√25=−5 since 25=25 and (−5)2=25 . The principal
square root of 25 is √25=5.

Study these examples below:

ACTIVITY 8
Tell whether the principal root is a rational or irrational.

Week 8:
After finishing such competencies for the first quarter, you are expected to be
familiarize with the following: {complete the thought}
1. Set is a collection of distinct _____________________.
2. An empty set has no ____________________________.
3. We can represent ideas on set using _______________ diagram.
4. Absolute value describes the distance from __________.
5. Rational numbers cannot be expressed as __________________.

Which part of the activity you find easy or difficult: for additional information,
contact your teacher.

Post Activity: Create a Venn Diagram using 3 circles to represent a real life situation
that you encountered from daily living. Make it clear.

ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION:

Multiple Choice. Write the letter of your answer in your answer sheet.
1. A diagram that show all possible relations between sets.
a. Universal b. Subset c. Venn diagram

1. He invented the Venn Diagram.

a. John Venn b. Rutherford Venn c. Jay Venn

1. Numbers that cannot be written in fraction.

a. Real numbers b. Rational Numbers c. Irrational Numbers

1. These are natural numbers and zero.

a. Real numbers b. Whole Numbers c. Imaginary Numbers

1. The inverse process of addition.

a. subtraction B. multiplication c. division

1. Opposite numbers are called:

a. additive inverse b. positive inverse c. reciprocals

1. The number inside the radical sign is called:

a. radical expression b. radicand c. radical sign

1. The distance of the number from zero.

a. value b. reciprocal c. absolute value

1. Which is not an elements of an integers.

a. zero b. irrational c. negative

1. When you say that two numbers are equidistant, it means that they are:
a. equal b. unequal c. too far

PERFORMANCE TASK!!!!
You are task to conduct a survey on an BFAR on your respective community. You have
to check the possible species that can survive and cannot survive in a certain pond
with regards to its location. It will be presented in a group of BFAR officials, business
sectors and selected citizen who owns a particular fishery business. You are required to
present it using a drawing/ Venn Diagram for the possible combinations of fish species
to be place in each quartile part of the pond. Your output will be graded according to:
accuracy of data, evidence presented, correctness of group combinations. { 1-5 }
Poor,Fair, Good,Very Good and Excellent.

TRANSFER:
After completing this module, the learners will be able to know the basic key concepts
of sets, the real number system, estimation/approximation of a square of a number and
the measures of quantities and the applications of real numbers to measurements.

Reading Sources:
ttps://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/venn-diagram.asp
https://www.math-only-math.com/word-problems-on-sets.html
REALISTIC MATH 7 Paulito T. Gureng,Ph.D. pg.2-8, 13-15,18-25
MATH BUILDERS 7 Edna D. Licardo pg.31-50
INTERACTIVE MATHEMATICS 7 Isaac P. Mirabona pg.5-15, 19-20

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wik
https://www.mathisfun.com