Mathematics 10

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 12
Union and Intersection
of Events

Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Self-Learning Module 12: Union and Intersection of Events
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Shiena R. Akmad; Marilou P. Fajardo; Christopher M. Quilang;
Roberto L. Santoyas; Rosario D. Tandoc
Editor: Ma. Cynthia P. Badana; Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa; Lowell de Ramon
Reviewers: Cecilia M. Marcelo; Julie R. Reyes
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

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Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

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of Pasig City
Mathematics 10
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 12
Union and Intersection of Events
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self-Learning Module 12 on Union and

Intersection of Events!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self-Learning Module 12 on Union and

Intersection of Two Events!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the self-learning

module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

1. illustrates events, and union and intersection of events.

PRETEST

Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer before the number.
1. There are 8 chips numbered from 1 to 8 in a bag. A chip is drawn at random
from the bag. Let A be the event that the number is multiple of 4 and B be the
event that the number is even number. Find A  B.
A) {2, 8} B). {4, 8} C) {6, 8} D) {8, 8}

2. Given: Q = {x: x is an odd number, x <10} and T = {x: x is a multiple of 3, x <

15}. Find Q  T.
A) {1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12) C) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13} D) {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}
3. A die is thrown once and the number obtained is recorded. The sample
space S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 6}. Which of the following
illustrations show C = A’  B’?
A) {1, 2, 3, 5, 6} C) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B) {1, 3, 4, 5, 6} D) {1, 2, 3, 5, 6}

4. A coin is tossed three times. Let H and T be the head and tail shown on the
side facing upwards respectively. The sample space S = {HHH, HHT, HTH,
THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}. Let A = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT} and B = {HHH,
HHT, THH, THT}. Which illustration shows C = A  B?
A) C = {HHH, HHH} C) C = {HHH, HHT}
B) C = {HTH, THT} D. C = {HTT, THH}

5. The Venn diagram on the right shows the number of elements in set A and B.
If n(A  B) = 20, n(A  B) = 3, and n(B) = 12, find the values of x and y.
A) x = 9, y = 8 C. x = 17 y = 3
A B
B) x = 8, y = 9 D. x = 8, y = 1
x 3 y
 RECAP

In arithmetic, we have operations such as addition, subtraction,

multiplication, and division that enable us to combine numbers. In sets, we also have
operations such as intersection and union.
Recall your lesson on sets and try to name and define the following symbols.
It will help you understand the topic in this self-learning module.

1. 

2. 

3. { },  or 

B
4. A C

LESSON

In a six-sided die experiment,

A represents the event that the number is even.

B represents the event that the number is a multiple of 3, and

C represents the event that the number is a multiple of 5.
Below is the representation using the Venn diagram.

1
A B C

2
6 3 5
4
 In a die experiment, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 since the
die has six faces. The set of all possible outcomes in an experiment is called Sample
space denoted by S. Therefore, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.

How many elements are there in set S? There are 6 elements in set S, this can
be written as n(S) = 6 which is called the cardinality of a set.

In the Venn diagram, there are three events A, B, and C. Each event consists
of elements. The elements of the three events including the elements outside the
events is a universal set. Universal set denoted by (U) is a set consisting of elements
in the totality of all sets under consideration, therefore U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.

The elements of events A, B, and C are in U. In other words, events A, B, and

C are subsets of U.
What are the elements that are not in event A?

The elements 1, 3, and 5 are not in event A but it is in the universal set,
therefore they are the complement of event A denoted by A’ (read as A complement).
This can be written as A’ = {1, 3, 5}

What is the common element of events A and B?

The two events have a common element which is 6. It is the intersection of the
two events A and B, written as A  B = {6}, a set of elements common to both events
A and B.

What is A  B?

The union of two events A or B, written as A  B = {2, 3, 4, 6}, the set of

elements that are found in event A, or event B, or both A and B.

Examples:

1. There are 10 chips numbered from 1 to 10 in a bag. A chip is drawn at random

from the bag. Let A be the event that the number is multiple of 3, B be the
event that a number is a prime number. Find the following:
a) A  B
b) A  B
c) A’  B’

Solution:
A = {3, 6, 9}, B = {2, 3, 5, 7}

a) A  B = {3, 6, 9}  {2, 3, 5, 7} = {3}

b) A  B = {3, 6, 9}  {2, 3, 5, 7} = {2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9}
c) A’  B’ = {1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10}  {1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10} = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10}
 2. Given: Q = {x: x is an even number, x <15} and T = {x: x is a multiple of 5, x <
20}. Find the following:
a) Q  T
b) Q  T

Solution:

Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14} T = {5, 10, 15}

a) Q  T = {10}
b) Q  T = {2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15}

3. The Venn diagram on the right shows the number of elements in set A and B.
If n(A  B) = 25, n(A  B) = 7, and n(B) = 10. Find the value of x and y
a) n(A)

Solution:
A B
a) n(B) = 10 n(A  B) = x + 7 + y

n(B) = 7 + y 25 = x + 7 + y x 7 y

10 = 7 + y 25 = x + 7 + 3
y=3 25 = x + 10

x = 15

Therefore, x = 15 and y = 3.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Directions: Answer the following:
Given: A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = {2, 4, 5, 6}, and C = {1, 6, 7}.
1. A  B = ________________
2. B’  C’ = ________________
3. A  B = ________________
4. B’  C’ = ________________
5. (A  B)  C = ____________
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Directions: Find the value of x and y in the given Venn diagram.
1. n(A  B) = 20,
A B
n(A  B) = 3, and
n(B) = 13 x 3 y

2. n(A  B) = 25, A B
n(A  B) = 5, and
n(A) = 20 x 5 y

3. n(A  B) = 55, A B
n(A  B) = 15, and
n(B) = 35 x 15 y

A B
4. n(A  B) = 155,
n(A  B) = 30, and x 30 y
n(A) = 105

5. n(A  B) = 200, A B
n(A  B) = 50, and
x 50 y
n(A) = 110

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

DIRECTIONS: Solve the following problems.
1. A class adviser surveys 35 of his students on the kind of pets they have at
home. He found that 15 have dogs, 12 have cats, and 8 have birds. Five have
dogs and cats, 4 have dogs and birds, and 2 have cats and birds. If no one
has all three kinds of pets, how many students have none of these pets?
2. There are 12 chips numbered from 11 to 22 in a bag. A chip is drawn at
random from the bag. Let A be the event that the number is smaller than 16,
B be the event that a number is a composite number. Find AB.
3. A coin is tossed three times. Let H and T be the head and tail shown on the
side of the coin facing upwards, respectively. A is the event that the first toss
is H, B is the event that the second toss is H, and C is the event that the first
and second tosses are H. Find C B’.
4. A number is drawn at random from the integers 20 to 40. Let A the event that
the number is not less than 32, and B is the event that the number is divisible
by 4. Find (A  B)  B’.
5. A letter is first chosen at random from the word SAMPLE, and then the next
letter is chosen at random from the word SET. The two letters chosen are
recorded. A is the event that the first letter chosen is a vowel, and B is the
event that the second letter chosen is a vowel, and C is the event that the two
letters chosen are the same. Find C’  (A  B).
 WRAP-UP

Remember that …

Sample space (S) is the set of all possible outcomes in an experiment.

The cardinality of a set n(S) is the number of elements in a set.

Universal set (U) is a set consisting of elements in the totality of all sets under
consideration.
The intersection of A and B
The intersection of events A and B is the set of all sample points in the
sample space that are in A and B. The intersection of events A and B is denoted as
A  B. In other words, A  B is the event that both events A and B occur.
A B

A  B = { x|x  A and x  B}

Union of A and B
The union of events A and B is the set of all sample points in the sample
space that are in A or B or both. The union of events A and B is denoted as A  B.
In other words, A  B is the event that either event A or event B occurs, or both
events occur.

A B

A  B = { x|x  A or x  B}

VALUING

Reflections: (Journal writing)

During the quarantine period due to COVID-19, everybody was affected.

People were afraid that the virus may infect them. Fake news flooded in social media
that increase worries to the people. The government set the standard rules to be
followed by everybody. They encourage everyone to stay at home.

1. What are the common problems encountered during the quarantine period?
2. What are your reactions regarding the fake news that flooded in social media
during the quarantine period?
 POSTTEST

Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

1. There are 15 chips numbered from 1 to 15 in a bag. A chip is drawn at random

from the bag. Let A be the event that the number is multiple of 3, B be the
event that the number is odd. Find A  B.
A) {3, 9, 15} B). {3, 6, 9} C) {3, 6, 12} D) {3, 7, 11}

2. Given: Q = {x: x is an even number, x <12} and T = {x: x is a multiple of 4, x <

20}. Find Q  T.
A) {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} C) {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}
B) {4, 8, 12, 16, 20} D) {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16}

3. A die is thrown once and the number obtained is recorded. The sample space
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Let A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {3, 5}. Which of the following
illustrations show C = A’  B’?
A) {} B) {1} C) {3} D) {5}

4. A coin is tossed three times. Let H and T be the head and tail shown on the
side facing upwards respectively. The sample space S = {HHH, HHT, HTH,
THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}. Let A = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, TTT} and B = {HHH,
HHT, THH, THT, TTT}. Which illustration shows C = A  B?
A) C = {HHH, HHH, THT} C) C = {HHH, HHT, TTH}
B) C = {HHH, HHT, TTT} D. C = {HTT, THH, TTH}

5. The Venn diagram on the right shows the number of elements in set A and B.
If n(A  B) = 35, n(A  B) = 7, and n(B) = 19, find the values of x and y.
A) x = 7, y = 28 C. x = 16, y = 12
A B
B) x = 16, y = 19 D. x = 17, y = 18
x 7 y
 KEY TO CORRECTION

1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C
Posttest
5. C’  (A  B) = {A}
4. A  B  B’ = {33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39}
3. C B’ ={HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, TTH, TTT}
2. A  B = {12, 14, 15}
1. 11, students have none of these pets
Activity 3: Test Yourself
5. x = 6 ; 90
4. x = 75 ; y = 50
3. x = 20 ; y = 20
2. x = 15 ; y = 5
1. x = 7 ; y = 10
Activity 2: Keep Practicing
5. {1, 6}
4. {1, 2, 4, 5, 7}
3. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
2. {}
1. {2, 4, 5, 6}
Activity 1: Let’s Practice
diagram
4. Venn 1. Union 2. Intersection 3. Empty Set
Recap:
A. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B
Pretest

References
Callanta, Melvin, Canonigo, Allan, Chua, Arnaldo, Cruz, Jerry, Esparrago, Mirla,
Garcia, Elino, Magnaye, Aries, Orines, Fernando, Perez, Rowena, and
Concepcion Ternida. Mathematics Grade 10 Learner’s. Pasig: Department of
Education, 2015.

Chu, Tom. Mathematics for the 21st Century Learner 10. Makati: Diwa Learning
System Inc., 2015

Chua, Simon, Sy Tan, Josephine, Ubarro, Arvie, Cayetano, Ma. Remedios, and
Renato Guerro. Soaring 21st Century Mathematics 10. Quezon: Phoenix
Publishing House, 2015.

Oronce, Orlando, and Marilyn Mendoza. E-Math 7 Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.,
2015.