Pre-Calculus

Second Quarter
Module 1: Angles in a Unit
Circle

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII-CENTRAL VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SIQUIJOR

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 INTRODUCTION

This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education Program to ensure

attainment of the standards expected of you as learner.

This learning material aims to equip you with essential knowledge on Angles in a
Unit Circle.

This includes the following activities/tasks:

▪ Expected Learning Outcome – This lays out the learning outcome that you
are expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.
▪ Pre-test – This determines your prior learning on the particular lesson you
are about to take.
▪ Discussion of the lesson – This provides you with the important knowledge,
principles and attitude that will help you meet the expected learning
outcome.
▪ Learning Activities – These provide you with the application of the
knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and enable you
to further enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed tasks.
▪ Post-test – This evaluates your overall understanding about the module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this material
engaging and challenging as it develops you critical thinking skills.

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 What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you will be able to:

➢ illustrate angles in standard position and coterminal angles.

What I Know

Directions: Identify the quadrant where the terminal side of each angle belongs. Write
your answers on your notebook.

1. 35° 7. 105°
2. 48° 8. 135°
3. 170° 9. – 67°
4. – 186° 10. 482°
5. – 514° 11. – 710°
6. 580° 12. – 615°

What’s In

You learned different kinds of angles in your study of Geometry. In this lesson, you
will learn different kinds of angles in the rectangular coordinate system. Do the next
activity to prepare you to this lesson.

Find the angle (in degrees) following the clockwise rotation between the hands of
the analog clock shown in each figure. Then, identify the type of angle. Write your answers
on your notebook.

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 4. How many degrees are represented by each 5 – minute interval on a clock?
5. Considering that the hands of the clock are exactly pointing on the numbers,
a. at what times of the day are the angles between the hands of the clock
equal to 90°? ___________, ___________, ___________, __________
b. at what time of the day do the hands of a clock lie in a straight line?
____________ and _____________

What’s New

There are many problems involving angles in several fields like engineering,
medical imaging, electronics, astronomy, geography and many more. Surveyors, pilots,
landscapers, designers, soldiers, and people in many other professions heavily use
angles and trigonometry to accomplish a variety of practical tasks. In this lesson, we will
deal with the basics of angle measures together with arc length and sectors.

What Is It?

Parts of an Angle
Take a look at the figure on the right. An angle
is formed when two rays meet at a common endpoint.
The rays forming the angle are called its sides, and
the point at which the rays meet is called the vertex of
the angle.

Quadrant Angle

If we draw an angle on a Cartesian plane as

shown at the right where the vertex is at the origin and
the initial side is at the positive x-axis, we say that the
angle is in standard position. The ray on the positive
x-axis is called the initial side and the other ray is called
the terminal side.

If the terminal side of an angle in standard position

coincides with one of the axes such as 90°, 180°,
270° or 360°, it is called a quadrant angle.

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Angle Measure

In the figure shown below, the initial side of AOB is OA, while its terminal side is
OB. An angle is said to be positive if the ray rotates in a counterclockwise direction, and
the angle is negative if it rotates in a clockwise direction.

Coterminal Angles

If the terminal side of the angle rotates in a

counterclockwise direction, we say that the angle has
a positive measurement. As shown at the right, the
angle marked 55° is positive since its terminal side
rotates in a counterclockwise direction. But when it
rotates in a clockwise direction, the angle
measurement is negative. In the same figure, - 305°
shows that the terminal side rotates in a clockwise
direction; thus, it is negative. In the same figure, the 55°
angle and 415° angle have the same terminal side. We
say that they are coterminal angles.

If two angles in standard position have the same

terminal side, they are called coterminal angles.

Can you find the other pair of coterminal angles in the figure?
Can you find the other pair of coterminal angles in the figure?

Based on the given examples, a pair of coterminal angles may be positive or

negative. To find a positive angle coterminal with the given angle, add multiples of 360°.

Illustrative Examples:

Example 1. Find a positive angle coterminal to 55°.

Remember:
Solution: Add 360° to the given angle.
An angle can have
55° + 360° = 415° an infinite number of
coterminal angles.

Example 2. Find a negative angle coterminal to 55°.

Solution: Subtract 360° from the given angle

55° - 360° = -305°

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We can find more coterminal angles by considering more than one rotation.
Example 3. Find an angles coterminal to 140°.
Solution:
To find one coterminal angle, look for another angle
whose terminal side coincides with the terminal side of
the original angle. To do that, either add or subtract
360° to the given angle. In this case, subtract 360° from
140°. Hence, an angle coterminal to 140° is - 220°.

140° - 360° = - 220°

Reference Angle
Another kind of angle associated with an angle in
standard position is the reference angle. If you draw an angle
that measures 135°, its terminal side falls on the second
quadrant. The positive acute angle formed between the
terminal side of this angle and the x – axis is called its
reference angle.

In the given example, the reference angle corresponding to 135° is 45°.

➢ To find the reference angle (in degrees) for a given angle x whose terminal sides is
located in Quadrant II, the formula is 180° - x°.

➢ A reference angle can be found in any of the four quadrants. In Quadrant I, every
positive angle is already acute; thus, the reference angle is the measure of the angle
itself. The measure of the reference angle is always equal to or greater than 0° but
less than or equal to 90°.
Illustrative Examples:
Example 4. What is the measure of the reference angle for a 205° angle?
Step 1. Determine in which quadrant the terminal of the given angle is located.
The terminal side of the given angle is located in Quadrant III.
Step 2. Compute for the reference angle.
The measure of the reference angle is computed by subtracting 180° from
the given angle measure. The formula is x° - 180°.
Hence, the reference angle is 25°.

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Example 5. Find the measure of the reference angle if the given angle is 315°.
Step 1. Determine in which quadrant the terminal of the given angle is located.
The terminal side of the given angle is located in Quadrant IV.
Step 2. Compute for the reference angle.
The measure of the reference angle is computed by subtracting the given
angle measure from 360°. The formula for tjis is 360° - x°. The reference
angle has a measure of 60°.

What’s More

Activity
Directions: Sketch each angle in standard position. Find the reference angle
corresponding to the given angle. Write your answers on your notebook.
1. 15° 2. – 37° 3. 47°

4. 93° 5. 148° 6. – 375°

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 What’s I Have Learned

I learned that:
➢ an angle is formed when two rays meet at a common endpoint called the
vertex.
➢ an angle is in standard position if its vertex is at the origin and the initial side
is the positive position x – axis.
➢ if the terminal side of an angle coincides with one of the axes such as 90 °,
180°, 270°, or 360°, it is called a quadrant angle.
➢ Positive angles are measured counterclockwise, and negative angles are
measured clockwise.
➢ if two angles in standard position have the same terminal side, they are called
coterminal angles.
➢ to find a positive coterminal angle, add multiples of 360 °. To find a
negative coterminal angle, subtract multiples of 360°.
➢ an angle can have an infinite number of coterminal angles.
➢ the reference angle is the positive acute angle formed by the terminal
side of the given angle and the x – axis. Reference angles may appear
in all four quadrants. In Quadrant I, every angle is its own reference
angle.
➢ to find the reference angle (in degreed) for a given angle x whose terminal
side is located in Quadrant II, the formula is 180° - x°.
➢ to find the reference angle for a given angle whose terminal side
located in Quadrant III, the formula is x° - 180°.
➢ To find the reference angle for a given angle whose terminal side is
located in Quadrant IV, the formula is 360° - x°.

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 Assessment

Activity
Directions: Sketch the angles given below and determine two coterminal angles (one
positive and one negative) for each give angle. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. 40° 2. 120° 3. 230°

4. – 10° 5. – 35° 6. – 79°

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 Answer Key

What I Know
1. Q I
2. Q II
3. Q I
4. Q II
5. Q II
6. Q IV
7. Q II
8. Q II
9. Q III
10. Q I
11. Q III
12. Q II

References

Bacani, Jerico B., Eden, Richard B., Estrada, Glenn Rey A., Francisco, Flordeliza F.,
Vidallo, Mark Anthony J. 2016. TG for SHS Pre-Calculus. Quezon City:
Commission on Higher Education.
Tamayo, Joycelyn S., Villareal Mary Joy A., Gatmaitan, Jophel M. 2017. Conceptual
Math and Beyond: PRECALCULUS . Quezon City: Brilliant Creations Publishing,
Inc.

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