Senior High School

Pre-Calculus
Module 9:
Linear and Angular Measures of a
Central Angle in a Unit Circle

AIRs - LM
LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
STEM - PRE-CALCULUS
Module 9: Linear and Angular Measures of a Central Angle in a Unit Circle
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written
permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Arnel S. Dumo

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Content Reviewer: Gerardo Hoggang
Language Reviewer: Josefina L. Estela
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr.
Design and Layout: Antoniette G. Padua

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Atty. Donato D. Balderas Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
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Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
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Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
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LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
 Senior High School

Pre-Calculus
Module 9:
Linear and Angular Measures of a
Central Angle in a Unit Circle

LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
 Target

Angles are being used in several fields like engineering, medical imaging
electronics, astronomy, geography, and many more. Added to that, surveyors,
pilots, landscapers, designers, soldiers and people in other professions heavily
use angles and trigonometry to accomplish a variety of practical tasks. In this
lesson, we will deal with the unit circle, its arc length, sectors and the basics of
angle measures like degree or radian.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:

1. Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and
angular measures of a central angle in a unit circle. STEM_PC11T-IIa-1
2. Convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa.
STEM_PC11T-IIa-2

Learning Objectives:

A. Define radian measure, unit circle, central angle, arc length.

B. Find the arc length, central angle and radius of a circle.

PRETEST
Directions: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is formed by the initial and terminal side of a ray when rotated about
its endpoint?
A. Angle B. line C. ray D. segment
2. What is the sign of an angle in standard position when generated
clockwise?
A. Negative angle B. Right angle
C. Positive angle D. Straight angle
3. What is the sign of an angle in standard position when generated in a
counter-clockwise direction?
A. Negative angle B. Right angle
C. Positive angle D. Straight angle

5 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
4. On a circle of radius 30cm, the arc subtends a central angle of 1/5 rad.
What is the arc length?
A. 4 cm B. 5 cm C. 6 cm D. 7 cm
5. What is the radius of a circle if the central angle of 120 intercepts an arc
whose length is 2cm?
3𝑐𝑚 4𝑐𝑚 5𝑐𝑚 6𝑐𝑚
A. B. C. D.
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋

6. What is the central angle that is subtended by a 20 cm arc if the radius

of the circle is 10 cm?
A. rad B. 4 rad C. 3 rad D. 2 rad
7. What measure is equivalent to 20.45?

A. 20 72’ B. 20 45’ C. 20 27’ D. 20 20’

8. What central angle is subtended by a 10 cm arc if the diameter of the
circle is 10cm?
A. 20 rad B. 10 rad C. 5 rad D. 1 rad
9. Which measure is equivalent to 44.21 in degrees, minutes, and
seconds?
A. 44 21’ B. 44 12.6’ C. 44 12’1” D. 44 12’ 36”

10. What is the radius of a circle if a central angle of 135 intercepts an arc
whose length is 2cm?
8𝑐𝑚 3𝑐𝑚 9𝑐𝑚 10𝑐𝑚
A. B. C. D.
3𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋

11. Which of the following is equal to 210 if converted to radians?

A. 7π/6 B. 5π/6 C. 2π/3 D. π/6
12. What is 65 in radian measure?
A. 15π/36 B. 13π/36 C. 15π/6 D. 13π/6

13. Which of the following radian measures is equal to -108?

A. 3π/5 B. 5π/3 C. -3π/5 D. -5π/3

14. What is 5π/6 in degree measure?

A. 2100 B. 1500 C. 1350 D. 1200

15. Which of the following is the equivalent of 3π/4 in degrees?

A. 3150 B. 2250 C. 1500 D. 10

6 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
 Jumpstart

In geometry, an angle is defined as the union of two noncollinear rays with

a common endpoint. The definition limits the angle measures between 00 and
1800 to an exclusive range. In trigonometry, angles will be discussed in a different
perspective.

In the figure shown below, the initial side of the angle with ray OA and the
terminal side with ray OB. The terminal side rotates in a counterclockwise
direction, thereby the angle has a positive measure. The angle is said to be
negative if the terminal side rotates in a clockwise direction as shown in Figure 1
(ii).

Figure 2 at the left shows the

measures of angle in degree
and radian measure.

Figure 2. Angles in a Unit Circle

7 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
Activity 1. Radian-Degree Partners

Directions: Match Column A with Column B

Column A Column B
1. 90° A. 210
2. 180° B. -90
3. 360° C. 330
4. -120° D. -330
5. -330° E. 120
𝜋 𝜋
6. F.
2 2
11𝜋 𝜋
7. G.
6 6
2𝜋 2𝜋
8. H. -
3 3
𝜋
9. I. 2 π
6
3𝜋
10. J. π
2

Discover

The Unit Circle in Degree and Radian Measures

The Unit Circle shows the

placement of degrees and radians in the
coordinate plane. Angles in the unit circle
start on the x-axis and are measured
counterclockwise about the origin.

The unit circle is a circle centered at

the origin with a radius equal to one unit.
This means that the distance from the
origin to any point on the circle is equal to
one unit.

Using the unit circle, we can define

another unit of measure for angles, radians.
The Radian measure is based upon the circumference of the unit circle. The
circumference of the unit circle is 2π.
2πr, where r = 1

So, a full revolution, or 360°, is equal to 2π radians. Half a rotation, or 180°

is equal to π radians.

8 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
Linear Measure

Given a circle of radius r, a

radian is the measure of the central
angle θ subtended by an arc length s is
equal to r.

One radian is equal to the measure of

θ, the rotation required for the arc length
intercepted by the angle to be equal to the
radius of the circle. In other words, the arc
length is 1 unit for θ=1 radian.

Example 1. On a circle of radius 40 cm, the

arc subtends a central angle of ½ radian.
What is the arc length?

Solution:

Given: r = 40cm and θ = ½ rad

Find the arc length s
s = rθ
s = (40 cm) (½ rad)

s = 20 cm

Example 2. Find the radius of a circle if a central angle of 150o intercepts an

arc whose length is 4 cm.

Solution:

Given: θ = 150o = 5π/6 (rad)

s = 4cm
Find the radius r
𝑠 = r𝜃
5𝜋
4 = 𝑟( )
6
24 𝑐𝑚
r=
5𝜋

9 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
Example 3. Find the central angle that intercepts a 200 mm arc of a circle whose
radius is 12 cm.

Solution:
Given: s = 200 mm = 20 cm

r = 12 cm
Find the central angle θ,
𝑠
θ=
𝑟

θ= 20 𝑐𝑚
12𝑐𝑚

θ = 53 rad

Example 4. In a circle, an angle of 1.25 radians intercepts an arc of 6 cm. Find

the radius of the circle.

Solution:

Given: s (length of an arc) = 6 cm Θ = 1.25 radians

Using the formula of arc length

S = rθ, then substitute s and θ in the formula to get the radius r

6 cm = r (1.25) this can also be written as

r (1.25) = 6 cm divide both sides of the equation by 1.25 to find r

𝑟 ( 1.25)
1.25
= 6𝑐𝑚
1.25

r = 4.8 cm

ANGULAR MEASURE

There are three types of angular measure, radians (rad), degrees (deg),
and revolutions. They are kind of like the difference between feet, inches, and
meters. They are just different units.

A revolution (rev) is formed if the initial side of the angle rotates completely
around its vertex. In other words, the terminal side of the angle rotates in
clockwise or counterclockwise directions and finally coincides with its initial side.

A complete revolution, i.e. when the initial and terminal sides are in the
same position after rotating clockwise or anticlockwise, is divided into 360 units

10 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
called degrees. So, if the rotation from the initial side to the terminal side is 1
360
of
a revolution, then the angle is said to have a measure of one degree. It is denoted
as 1o.

We measure time in hours, minutes, and seconds, where 1 hour = 60

minutes and 1 minute = 60 seconds. Similarly, while measuring angles,

• 1 revolution = 360 degrees

• 1 degree = 60 minutes denoted as 1° = 60′
• 1 minute = 60 seconds denoted as 1′ = 60″
• 180 = π radians
𝜋
• 90 = radians
2

Example 5. Convert the angle measure 22.6 in decimals to minutes and seconds.

Solution: Convert the angle measure expressed in decimal to the nearest minutes
by multiplying the tenths part by 60’.

22.6 = 22 + 0.6 (60’)

= 22 + 36’
= 22 36’ (read as 22 degrees and 36 minutes)

Example 6. Convert the angle measure 30.21 in decimals to minutes and

seconds.

Solution: Convert again the angle measure expressed in decimal hundredths to the
nearest second by multiplying the hundredths part by 60”

30.210 = 300 + 0.21 (60’)

= 300 + 12.6’

= 300 + 12’ + 0.6 (60”)

= 300 12’ 36” (read as 30 degrees 12 minutes and 36

seconds

Example 7. Convert 20o 40’ 18” (read as 20 degrees 40 minutes and 18 seconds)
to degrees (in decimal)

Solution: [ express 36” (36 seconds) in terms of minutes such as (18/60)” then the
problem is written in]

11 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
 200 40’ 18” = 200 ( 40 + 18
60
)’

= 200 40.3’
40.3 0
= (20 + )
60

= 20.6720
One radian (rad) is the measure of a central angle subtended by an arc of a
circle that is equal to the radius of the circle.

Remember that the circumference of a circle is 2πr, where r is the radius of

the circle. If the radius of a circle is 1 rad, then the circumference C of the circle is

C = 2πr

C = 2π (1 rad)

C = 2π rad
Since a circle subtends an angle of 3600. Then,

2π rad = 3600

π rad = 180o

1 rad = 180o/π = 57o 17’ 45”

1o = π/180o ≈ 0.17453 rad, such that π is

approximately equal to 3.1416

The above discussion leads to the rules or process of converting degrees to

radians and vice versa.

How to convert degree measure to radian and vice-versa

1. To convert degree measure to radian measure, multiply the number of
𝜋
degrees by then simplify.
1800

12 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
 2. To convert radian measure to degrees measure, multiply the number of
1800
degrees by then simplify.
𝜋

Example 8. Convert each radian measure to degree measure.

𝜋 3𝜋 4𝜋 𝜋
a. b. c. d. -
3 4 3 2

e. 1.25 radians f. 0.55 radians g. – 2.3 radians

Solution:

𝜋 𝜋
a.) = (180°/π) = 60o
3 3

3𝜋 3𝜋
b.) = (180°/π) = 135o
4 4

4𝜋 4𝜋
c.) = (180°/π) = 240o
3 3

𝜋 𝜋
d.) - =- (180°/π) = - 90o
2 2

13 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
 Explore

Below are enrichment activities and assessment to work in order to

master and strengthen the basic concepts you have learned.

Activity 2: Complete my Circle

Use the formula s = rθ to find the value of the missing variable in each of
elow are enrichment activities and assessment to work in order to master
the following:
and strengthen the basic concepts you have learned.
1. r = 6cm θ = π/4
Below are enrichment activities and assessment to work in order to
2. s =and
master 12cm r = 3 cmthe basic concepts you have learned.
strengthen
3. s = 8 cm r = 5 cm
4. θ = π s = 4 cm
5. r = ½ cm θ = π/2

Activity 3: Measure me in minutes and seconds

1. Convert the angle measure 45.80 in decimals to minutes and seconds.

2. Convert the angle measure 84.420 in decimals to minutes and seconds.
3. Convert 1320 34’ 30” to degrees (in decimal)
4. Convert 300 30’ 18” to degrees (in decimal)
5. Convert 120 4’ 33.6” to degrees (in decimal)

Activity 4: Me in Degrees!
Convert each radian measure to degree measure.
A.) 8π B.) -6π C.) 5𝜋
3
D.) - 4𝜋
3
E.) 7𝜋
4

Activity 5: The Radian in Me!

Convert each degree measure to radian measure.

A.) -360 B.) -6000 C.) 9600 D. ) 2700 E.) 9000

14 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
 Deepen

The distance of the earth and the sun is 148,580,000 km.

a.) If the sun's orbit is circular, how far does the earth travel around the sun
in one year?
b.) How far does it travel in one day?

c.) Based on your answer in (b), what is the speed of the earth per hour as it
orbits the sun?

Gauge

Directions: Read and analyze carefully the following, then answer them
using another sheet of pad paper.
1. What is the measure of the central angle that intercepts a 10 cm arc of a circle
whose diameter is 10 cm?
A. 1 rad B. 2 rad C. 3 rad D. 4 rad
2. Which of the following is the radius of a circle if the central angle of 1000
intercepts an arc of 6 cm?
A. 54
5𝜋
cm B. 90
5𝜋
cm C. 5
54𝜋
cm D. 5
90𝜋
cm
3. On a circle of diameter 40 cm, the arc intercepted at a central angle is ½ 𝑟𝑎𝑑.
What is the arc length?
A. 20cm B. 15 cm C. 10 cm D. 5 cm
4. Which is TRUE about 105.40 in degrees, minutes, and seconds measure?
A. 105024’ B. 105042’ C. 150024’ D. 150042’
5. What is the equivalent of 7000 in radian measure?
A. 9𝜋
35
B. 9𝜋
53
C. 53 𝜋
9
D. 35𝜋
9

6. A globe has a radius of 100 cm. What is the distance of a point at 48oN of
latitude from the equator?
A. 80 𝜋
3
cm B. 90 𝜋
4
cm C. 100 𝜋
4
cm D. 110 𝜋
5
cm

15 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
7. Which of the following degree measures is equal to - 5𝜋
3
?
A. -100 B. -200 C. -300 D. -400
8. What is − radians in degrees?
𝜋
3

A. -90 B. -80 C. -70 D. -60

9. What is -780 in radians?
A. 3𝜋
13
rad B. 𝜋
3
rad C. 13𝜋
3
rad D. 13π rad
10. A wheel has a radius of 1 meter. When a point on the wheel has turned 2
meters, how many radians has it turned?
A. 5 rad B. 4 rad C. 3 rad D. 2 rad
11. What is the equivalent angle measure in degrees of an angle tracing 2 & 1⁄3
revolutions?
A. 8400 B. 8000 C. 7200 D. 6600
12. A sprinkler on a golf course is set 40 feet and rotates with the central angle
of 1000, what is the arc length?
A. 68 ft B. 69 ft C. 70 ft D. 71 ft
13. What is 4.56 rad converted into degrees minutes seconds?
A. 261016’ 5.85” B. 261017’ 5.85” C. 261016’ 5.32” D. 261016’ 5”
3
14. Which of the following is the equivalent degree measure of 𝜋 radians?
5

A. 1080 B. 1180 C. 8080 D. 8800

15. Which is equivalent of 300 40’ 36”?
A. 400 36’ 30” B. 360 40’ 30” C. 360 30’ 36” D. 30040’36”

16 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
References

Precalculus Learner’s Material DepED, pages 124 - 129

FERNANDO B. ORINES, (2016). Next Century Mathematics 11 Precalculus

(pp.2 – 24). 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Eldridge P Vance. Modern Algebra and Trigonometry (Third Edition) (pp. 86–93),
Addison wesle Publishing Company, Inc Philippines copyright 1973.

Coronel and Marasigan, Mathematics 4, An Integrated Approach, (pp.114–

160), Bookmark Publishing Company.
http://wyzant.com/resources/lesson/trigonometry/converting-radians
to degrees.
http://dummies.com/education/math/trigonometry

17 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9
LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9 18
DEEPEN
1. Since orbit is 3600,
then the length
traveled in a year is.
Length = 2πr
= 2 (3.1416)
148,580,000 km
= 933,557,856 km
GUAGE
2. Distance traveled in Activity 5
a day. answer in 1 1. B 6. A 11. A −𝜋
1.
must be divided by 5
2. A 7. C 12. C −10𝜋
365.25 days which is 2.
3
the equivalent of 1 3. C 8. D 13. C 16𝜋
3.
year 3
3𝜋
DT in 1 day = 4. A 9. C 14. A 4.
2
933,557,856 5. D 10. D 15. D 5. 5π
km/365.25 is
2,555,942.11km
3. Speed per hour
Activity 4 Activity 3
…answer in number
must be divided by 1. 14400 1. 45048’
24 hours in a day 2. -10800 2. 84025’12”
= 3. 3000 3. 132.5750
2,555,942.11km/24 4. -1400 4. 30.5050
hr 5. 3150 5. 12.0760
Activity 2 Activity 1 PRETEST
1. 4.71 cm 1. f 2. j 1. A 6. D 11. A
2. 4 rad 3. i 4. h
3. 8 rad/5 2. A 7. C 12. B
4. 1.27 cm 5. g 6. a 3. B 8. A 13. C
5. .78 cm
7. c 8. e 4. C 9. D 14. B
9. d 10. b 5. A 10. A 15. D
Answer Key
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Learning Resource Management Section
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Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
launion@deped.gov.ph
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19 LU_Pre-Calculus_Module9