Quarter 3, Week 2

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 5

Name of Learner: ___________________ Grade and Section: _________________

Date: _____________________________

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY ACTIVITY SHEET

Computing Probabilities Corresponding to a Given Random Variable

I. Learning Competency with Code

Computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable. (M11/12SP-
IIIa-6)

II. Background Information for Learners

Many events can't be predicted with total certainty. The best we can say is
how likely are they to happen using the idea of probability. We use probability in
finding the chance that heads will appear when tossing a fair coin, the likelihood
of winning in a lottery and in some other game of chance.

To understand further about the probability, let’s have some of these

experiments as a review:

Find the probability of the following events.

Event (E) Probability P (E)
1. Getting an even number in a single roll of a die
2. Getting a head when tossing a fair coin
3. Getting a number greater than 4 in a single roll of a
die
4. Getting a 10 when a card is drawn from a deck
5. Getting a sum of 6 or a sum of 10 when two
dice are rolled

Solution:

1. The event of getting an even number has three outcomes: 2, 4, or 6. Since

3
there are 6 faces in a die, then the probability of getting an even number is 6
1
or 2.
2. The event of getting a head when tossing a fair coin has only 1 outcome. So,
1
its probability is since there are only two possible outcomes when you toss a
2
coin.
3. The event of getting a number greater than 4 in a single roll of a die has two
outcomes: 5, and 6. Since there are 6 faces in a die, then the probability of
2 1
getting a number greater than 4 is or 3.
6
4. The event of getting a 10 when a card is drawn from a deck is 4. Since there
4 1
are 52 faces in a deck of cards, then the probability of getting a 10 is or 13.
52
5. The event of getting a sum of 6 when two dice are rolled has 5 outcomes:
5
{(1,5), (5,1),(2,4),(4,2), (3,3)}.Hence, the probability is .The event of getting a
36
sum of 10 when two dice are rolled has 3 outcomes: {(4,6),(6,4),(5,5)}. Hence,
3 1
the probability is 36 𝑜𝑟 12.

The probability of getting a sum of 6 or a sum of 10 when two dice are rolled is
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 6 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 10
P(sum of 6 or sum of 10)= 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
+ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
5 3 8 2
=36 + 36 =36 or 9.
Example 1: The Demand for Laptops in the New Normal

The daily demand for laptops in the new normal in a computer store has
the probability distribution as follows:
Number of Laptops (X) Probability P(X)
5 0.20
6 0.12
7 0.15
8 0.18
9 0.25
10 0.06
12 0.04
a. What is the probability that 8 or more laptops will be demanded in a
particular day?
b. What is the probability that the demand will be at least 7 but not more than
10 laptops?
c. What is the probability that the demand will be at most 9 laptops?

Solution:

a. The probability that 8 or more laptops will be demanded in a particular

day means P (X≥ 8). This means that you have to add P(X=8), P(X=9),
P (X= 10), and (X= 12).
P (X≥ 8) = P(8) + P(9) + P(10) + P(12)
then, substitute its corresponding probability
= 0.18 + 0.25 + 0.06 + 0.04
= 0.53
 b. The probability that the demand will be at least 7 but not more than 10
laptops means P(7≤ 𝑋 ≤ 10). This means that you have to add P(X=7),
P(X=8), P (X= 9), and (X= 10).
P(7≤ 𝑋 ≤ 10) = 0.15 + 0.18 + 0.25 + 0.06
= 0.64
c. The probability that the demand will be at most 9 laptops means P(X ≤
9). This means that you have to add P(X=9), P(X=8), P (X= 7), P (X=
6), and (X= 5).
P(X ≤ 9) = 0.25 + 0.18 + 0.15 + 0.12 + 0.20
= 0.90

Example 2: Tardiness
The recorded tardiness of the students as reflected in School Form 2 of
the adviser is presented in the probability distribution below.

X 0 1 2 3 4
3 2 2 2 1
P(X) 10 10 10 10 10

a. What is the probability that the number of tardy students is greater than or
equal to 3?
b. What is the probability that the number of tardy students is at least 3?
c. What is the probability that the number of tardy students is greater than 1
but less than 4?

Solution:

a. P(X > 3) = P(3) + P(4)

2 1
= 10+ 10
3
=
10

b. P(X < 3) = P(3) + P(2) + P(1) + P(0)

2 2 2 3
= 10+ 10+ 10+ 10
9
= 10

c. P(1 < X < 4) = P(2) + P(3)

2 2
= 10+ 10
4 2
= 10 or 5
III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Education Sites

Alferez, M.S. & Duro, M.A. (2006). MSA Statistics and Probability. MSA
Publishing House. Reprinted 2016.

Belecina, R. R.et.al. (2016). Statistics and Probability. First Edition. Rex Book
Store, Inc.

CHED. Statistics and Probability. Pasig City: Department of Education -

Bureau of Learning Resources

https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/probability.html

https://www.bworldonline.com/ameliorating-the-social-amelioration-program/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayanihan_to_Heal_as_One_Act

IV. Activity Proper

General Directions: In answering the exercises in the Learning Activity Sheet

(LAS), please be reminded not to write anything here. All answers must be
written in a separate sheet of paper. Read each problem carefully and answer it
systematically. If a solution is required, encircle your final answer.

Exercise 1: Social Amelioration Program (SAP)

The Bayanihan to Heal as One Act, also known as the Bayanihan Act,
and officially designated as Republic Act No. 11469, is a law in the Philippines
that was enacted in March 2020 granting the President additional authority to
combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.
Like many countries, the Philippines has implemented cash transfer
programs to support the displaced and the vulnerable. The government was
quick to enact a law to alleviate the public health crisis. Among the most salient
features of the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act was the allocation of P199.975
billion to the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) to fund its
Social Amelioration Program (SAP).

The Social Amelioration Program grants a P5,000 to P8,000 monthly cash

subsidy to low-income families for two months, depending on the area of
residence. The subsidies provided the marginalized sectors of society the means
to afford basic needs during the pandemic. The given data shows the probability
distribution among the age categories of the beneficiaries.
 Age Categories (X) Probability P(X)

36 - 40 0.05

41 - 45 0.10

46 - 50 0.10

51 - 55 0.20

56 - 60 0.10

61 - 65 0.15

66 - 70 0.25

71 - 75 0.05

Guide Questions:

a. What is the probability that at least 61 years old beneficiary will receive the
SAP?
b. What is the probability that at most 60 years old beneficiaries will receive the
SAP?
c. What is the probability that at least 61 years old but less than 71 years old
beneficiaries will receive the SAP?
d. What is the probability that the 66 years old and above beneficiaries will
receive the SAP?

Exercise 2: Cellphone Units Sold in Time of Pandemic

The following data show the probabilities for the number of cellphones
sold in a given day at the mall.

Number of Cellphones (X) Probability P(X)

0 0.050

1 0.100

2 0.150

3 0.200
Exercise 1
a. P(X > 61) = 0.45
b. P(X < 60) = 0.55
c. P(61 < X < 71) = 0.40
d. P(X > 66) = 0.30
Exercise 2
a. P(X < 5) = 0.65
b. P(X > 7) = 0.15
c. P(X < 4) = 0.65
d. P(X > 8) = 0.15
e. (1 < X < 9) = 0.75
f. P(0 < X < 6) = 0.70
Key to Solution
Find P(0 < X < 6) f.
Find P(1 < X < 9) e.
Find P(X > 8) d.
Find P(X < 4) c.
Find P(X > 7) b.
Find P(X < 5) a.
0.050 10
0.055 9
0.045 8
0.100 7
0.050 6
0.050 5
0.150 4