Quarter 3, Week 5

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 14

Name of Learner: ___________________ Grade and Section: _________________

Date: _____________________________

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY ACTIVITY SHEET

Illustrating Random Sampling

I. Learning Competency with Code

Illustrates random sampling. (M11/12SP-IIId-2)

II. Background Information for Learners

A researcher always wish to achieve unbiased results in his or her study. In
research, collecting data can either be done in the entire population or the
subset of this population called sample.

POPULATION SAMPLE

Students officially Grade 8

enrolled at Barrio students
High School

If a researcher opts to use sample rather than a population, he must take

considerations on the number of samples and how these samples can be
chosen out of his target population. In this way, the researcher may use random
sampling.

Random Sampling is a sampling method of choosing representatives from

the population wherein every sample has an equal chance of being selected.
Accurate data can be collected using random sampling techniques.

Four Types of Random Sampling Techniques:

1. Simple Random Sampling (SRS)

A simple random sampling is a sampling technique in which every element

of the population has the same probability of being selected for inclusion in the
sample.

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Example:
A Grade 11 student wants to make a study on the opinions of Grade 8
students concerning the use of the Filipino language in the teaching of
Mathematics. There are 510 Grade 8 students. She wants to interview only 10%
of the Grade 8 students in the school where the study is to be conducted.

Solution:
Step 1: Multiply 510 by 10% to obtain the members of the sample.
510×10% = 51
The number of students is a three-digit number; therefore, assign
a three-digit number to each of the 510 students.
Step 2: Randomly select a starting number from the Table of Random
Numbers. If the table of random numbers contains 5-digit
numbers, consider only the last three digits, since the total
number of students in the study is 510 which is a three-digit
number. Move down columns selecting the appropriate number.

Illustration:
52467 1(1st member of the sample)
16386 2(2nd member of the sample)
14534 (omit since 534>510)
23610 (omit since 610>510)
45217 3(3rd member of the sample)

Continue doing this until 51 students are selected. If there are no

numbers left in the first column, move to the second column.
You may create your own Table of Random Numbers by using a
random number generator.

Another example:
A researcher wants to study the effects of social media on Grade 11
students in Manila Mathematics High School. He wishes to use the simple
random sampling technique in choosing the members of his sample. If there
are 1,000 Grade 11 students in the school, how many students should there be
in his sample? Discuss the steps he must take if he wishes to use the lottery
method.

Solution:
Step 1: Determine the number of students that should be in the sample.
Use the Slovin’s Formula.
𝑁
𝑛 = 1+𝑁ⅇ2 ; 𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑
𝑁 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 (𝑢𝑠𝑒 0.05)
1,000
𝑛 = 1+(1,000)(0.05)2 = 285.7 or 286

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 Step 2: Assign a number to each member of the population. In this
problem, assign a number to each of the 1,000 students.
Step 3: Write the numbers on pieces of paper with the same size and
shape. Fold the pieces of paper.
Step 4: Put all the folded papers in a bowl or box.
Step 5: Without looking, randomly pick out 286 folded pieces from the
bowl or box.

2. Systematic Sampling

A systematic sampling is a random sampling technique in which a list of

elements of the population is used as a sampling frame and the elements to be
included in the desired sample are selected by skipping through the list at
regular intervals.

Example:
In a group of 250 students, how will you select a sample containing 71
students by using the systematic sampling technique?

Solution:
Step 1: You may assign each student a number from 1 to 250.
Step 2: Find the sampling interval 𝑘. To get 𝑘, divide the population size
(250 students) by the sample size (71 students).
𝑁 250
𝑘 = 𝑛; 𝑘 = 71 ; 𝑘 = 3.52 𝑜𝑟 4
Step 3: Select a number from the whole numbers between 0 and 𝑘 + 1
by simple random technique. The numbers that are between 0
and 𝑘 + 1 are 1, 2, 3, and 4. This chosen value is called as a
random start.
Step 4: Assume that the randomly selected number is 3. Use 3 as the
starting number.
Step 5: Select every 4th student from the sampling frame starting from
the 3rd student.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

The numbers of the sample will then be 3, 7, 11, 15, …

Another example:
In a group of 180 workers, how will you select a sample of 36 workers by
using the systematic sampling technique?

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Solution:

Step 1: Prepare a sampling frame by randomly arranging the 180

workers.
Step 2: Assign each worker a number from 1 to 180.

Step 3: Find the sample interval 𝑘. Divide the population size 180 by the
sample size 36.
𝑁 180
𝑘 = 𝑛; 𝑘 = 36 ; 𝑘=5
Step 4: Select a number from the whole numbers between 0 and 𝑘 + 1
by simple random technique. The numbers that are between 0
and 𝑘 + 1 are 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Step 5: Assume that the randomly selected number is 2. Use 2 as the
starting number.
Step 6: Select every 5th worker from the sampling frame starting from the
2nd student.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

The numbers of the sample will then be 2, 7, 12, 17, …

3. Stratified Sampling

Stratified Sampling is a random sampling technique in which the population

is first divided into strata and then samples are randomly selected separately
from each stratum.

Example:
You want to interview 200 students in your school to determine their opinion
on the new school uniform. How are you going to choose your sample by using
stratified sampling if there are 1,200 students in Grade 7; 1,100 in Grade 8;
1050 in Grade 9; 940 in Grade 10; 900 in Grade 11 and 810 in Grade 12?

Solution:
Subdivide the population into several strata. In this problem, subdivide the
population into grade levels. Then, make a table similar to the following:

Population Number of Students Sample

𝑁 = 6,000 per Stratum 𝑛 = 200
Grade 7 1,200 40
Grade 8 1,100 37
Grade 9 1,050 35
Grade 10 940 31
Grade 11 900 30
Grade 12 810 27
Total 6,000 200
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 To obtain the sample size per year level, divide the total number of students
per year level by the total number of students in school, and then, multiply the
result by 200. Then, select the members of each sample by using simple
random sampling. For instance, in Grade 7, select the 40 students from the
1,200 students by using SRS.

Compute the sample size in each Grade Level:

1,200 1,100
a. Grade 7: 6,000 × 200 = 40 b. Grade 8: 6,000 × 200 = 37
1,050 940
c. Grade 9: 6,000 × 200 = 35 d. Grade 10: 6,000 × 200 = 31
900 810
e. Grade 11: × 200 = 30 f. Grade 12: 6,000 × 200 = 27
6,000

Sometimes, the computation will result to one less than the value of 𝑛. If this
happens, round up one of the data to the next integer. In this problem, 𝑛 = 200.
If the sum of all the samples per year level is 199 instead of 200, then round up
one of the data which is not a whole number to the next integer.

Another Example:
Marcela, a Statistics student, wants to determine who care more about their
physical appearances, the male or female students. She wants to limit her study
to Grade 10 students. There are unequal numbers of Grade 10 students: 340
are male and 500 are female. She wants her sample to consist of 50 students
only. She chooses the members of her sample using stratified sampling
technique.

Solution:
Subdivide the Grade 10 students into two subgroups according to their sex.
Divide the number of students per gender by the total number of students, and
then, multiply the resulting quotient by 50. The computations are shown below.

Population Number of Students Sample

𝑁 = 840 per Stratum 𝑛 = 50
Male 340 20
Female 500 30
Total 840 50

Compute the sample size according to student’s sex:

340 500
a. Male: 840 × 50 = 20.24 or 20 b. Female: 840 × 50 = 29.76 or 30

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 4. Cluster or Area Sampling

Cluster or area sampling is a random sampling technique in which the entire

population is broken into small groups, or clusters, and then, some of the
clusters are randomly selected. The data from randomly selected clusters are
the ones that are analyzed.
The difference between cluster sampling and stratified sampling is that the
sample consists of elements from the selected clusters only while in stratified
sampling, the sampling consists of elements from all the strata.

Example:
A researcher wants to determine who among the families in a small town
are using the new detergent product. How is she going to do this using the
cluster sampling technique?

Solution:
Step 1: Divide the population into clusters. Use barrios as clusters.
Step 2: Not all barrios of the town will be included in the sample. Choose
the final barrios by using either the simple random sampling or a
systematic sampling technique.
Step 3: Not all the families in each selected barrio will be included in the
study. Select the final families to be included in the sample by
using either a simple random sampling or systematic random
sampling technique.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Education Sites

Mercado, J. & Orines, F. (2016). NCM Statistics and Probability. Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.
Altares P. et.al. (2012). Elementary Statistics with Computer Applications.
Second Edition. Rex Book Store, Inc. Reprinted April 2013.
Belecina R. et.al. (2016). Statistics and Probability. First Edition. Rex Book
Store, Inc. Reprinted February 2016.
Statistics and Probability Learner’s Materials. Cainta, Rizal. Department of
Education – Bureau of Learning Resources, 2020, pp 4-11.

IV. Activity Proper

General Directions: In answering the exercises in the Learning Activity Sheet
(LAS), please be reminded not to write anything here. Read each problem
carefully and all answers must be written in a separate sheet of paper.

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Exercise 1: Identify the type of sampling technique used by the researcher in
each of the following situations: simple random sampling, systematic random
sampling, stratified random sampling or cluster random sampling.

1. The office clerk gave the researcher a list of 500 Grade 10 students. The
researcher selected every 20th name on the list.
2. In a recent research that was conducted in a private school, the subjects
of the study were selected using the Table of Random Numbers.
3. A researcher interviewed people from each town in the province of Albay
for his research on population.
4. A researcher is doing a research work on the student’s reaction to the
newly implemented curriculum in Mathematics and interviewed every
10th student entering the gate of the school.
5. A researcher who is studying the effects of educational attainment on
promotion conducted a survey of 50 randomly selected workers from
each of these categories: high school graduate, with undergraduate
degrees, with master’s degree, and with doctoral degree.
6. A researcher selected a sample of 𝑛 = 120 from a population of 850 by
using the Table of Random Numbers
7. A researcher interviewed all top 10 Grade 11 students in each of 15
randomly selected private schools in Metro Manila.
8. A researcher randomly selected 10 barangays in a town for her study.
She did this by writing the names of each barangay on a piece of paper
which she folded and put in a bowl then she draws 10 pieces of each
paper from the bowl.
9. A teacher asked her students to fall in line. She instructed one of them to
select every 5th student on the line.
10. A researcher chose the subjects of her study by selecting every k th
member of the population.

Exercise 2: Do the following:

1. There are 120 teachers. Select a sample of 40 teachers by using the
systematic sampling technique.
2. You want to select 35 people from a population of 150. How are you
going to do it using Table of Random Numbers?
3. There are 180 barangays in Iloilo City. According to Wikipedia, Iloilo City
has 91,487 families. The researcher wants to conduct a study on family
planning within this area wherein her sample must only consist of 150
families. How is she going to choose the members of her sample?

Guide Questions:

1. How did you determine the type of random sampling used in each problem?
2. While answering, what have you noticed with the given in the problem from
each type of random sampling?

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V. Reflection

Instruction. Reflect on the following questions and write your response in your
journal.

1. In your own opinion, which type of random sampling is more convenient to

use?
____________________________________________________________
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2. Do you think that it is necessary to conduct random sampling when gathering

data? Kindly elaborate.
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