IMRAD Format

• Preliminaries
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Method
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions and Recommendations
• References
• Appendices

IMRAD Format (Contents: Outline)

INTRODUCTION
• Par. 1- 3- Comprehensively discuss first the background of the study and the research
gaps. In doing this, avoid any assumption. Make sure that you all have cited pieces of
literature and/or studies to support your discussion and to establish veracity in
everything that you explain. The last sentences should emphasize the urgency and
necessity to conduct your study.
• Par. 4- Considering all the problems presented and the gaps identified, present the
objective of your study. In a paragraph form, present your research questions. Clearly
establish the purpose of your study in this paragraph by explaining in detail what you
target to explore for each research question.
• Par. 5- Explain the global significance of your study. (How will the world benefit from
your research? How will the academe, research sector, and certain institutions be
helped by your findings?) In short, this paragraph will be allotted for the presentation of
the significance of your paper.
• Par. 6- Discuss the theories that you will be using in your study. Present a narrative on
your selected theories and how will they be significant in enriching your discussion.
Close this paragraph by reiterating the main purpose of your research conduct.

METHOD
Research Design
• In this section, briefly discuss the research approach and the specific method (e.g.,
qualitative, CDA). Then, define each by citing authorities. Also, discuss the applicability
of these to your study.
Research Participants***
• Who? How many? Sampling procedure with definition? Inclusion, exclusion, withdrawal
criteria?
Research Instrument***
• What will you use to gather the data from the participants? Description?
Data Procedure
• Enumerate the steps that you will undertake in the conduct of your study. Start from
the asking of permission to the presentation and interpretation of findings.
Data Analysis/ Statistical Tools
• How will each set of data be analyzed (per research question)? Framework? Thematic
analysis?
Ethical Consideration
• Briefly describe the ethical concerns of your study.

REFERENCES
• Use Modern Language Association (MLA) citation style (for Language/Mass Comm/MMA
only)
• Use APA 7th Edition (for the rest)

IMRAD Format (Mechanics)

• All section headings must be in bold. Sub-headings in the Methods section should be
italicized only.
• Use Times New Roman, 13, 1.5 spacing, default margin, A4-sized sheets,