CHAPTER THREE

DEVELOPING RESEARCH PROPOSAL

 The research proposal is a written statement of the research
design. It always includes a statement explaining the purpose of
the study or a definition of the problem.
 It systematically outlines the particular research methodology
and details the procedures that will be utilized at each stage of
the research process.
 The Research Proposal is an application that is prepared by a
research student, university academic, or professional researcher
for support prior to embarking upon a research study.
 All researchers should be able to prepare a proposal for a
research topic to a professional standard. Being able to produce
such a proposal is an important skill.
Cont..
 The research proposal is the means by which we are able to
demonstrate that we are able to do this. As such, it allows us to spell
out what exactly is the research problem that we are intending to
investigate, why this is worthy of investigation, and how we intend to
carry out the research.
 In putting such a proposal together we shall not only need to
demonstrate our knowledge of the area in which we are interested, but
also be required to show that we have the necessary methodological
competence and sensitivity to carry out the research.
Your proposal describes your proposed plan of work:
 What you intend to study (scope and research questions).
 How you intend to study your topic (methodology).
 Why this topic needs to be studied (significance).
 When you will complete this work (timeline).
 Where you will conduct this work & data collection take place?
Components of research proposal
Coverage Cover page.docx
Title Page
2. LITRATURE REVIEW
Acknowledgements 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
List of tables
List of figures and 3.1 Description of the study area
Abbreviations
Abstract
3.2 Research design
Table of content 3.3 Sampling procedure
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study 3.4 Data types and sources
1.2 Sstatement of the problems 3.5 Data collection Method
1.3 The research question
/hypothesis 3.6. Method of data analysis
1.4 Objective of the study
1.4.1. General objective
4. Budget Schedule
1.4.2. Specific objectives 5. Time Schedule
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope of the study –References
1.7. Limitation of the study
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study: Under background of the study, the writer
should create readers interest in the topic; laid the broader foundation for
the problems that leads to the study; places the study within the large
context to the scholarly literatures; reach out the specific audience.
 This section presents and analyses current observations, expériences,
views, opinions, etc. that reflect or bear on the existence of the problem
General to specific or deductive order is recommended
 Definitions and concepts related to the topic
 Global issues and trends about the topic
 National level, Regional level
Statement of the problem

 A research problem, in general, refers to some difficulty which a researcher

experiences in the context of either a theoretical or practical situation and wants
to obtain a solution for the same( Kothari,2004) (Justification of the study)
 Facts that motivated the investigator to conduct the research or Exactly specifying
and measuring the gap
 the heart of any research project is the problem
Relevant questions to be answered here are:
 Present the problem explicitly& elaborately, clarify and delineate it
 How and why is this a problem?
 What are the current or future consequences if a solution for it is not sort for
now?
 Effective research problem answer the question “Why does this research need to
be conducted.”
 Research Question and /or Hypotheses

 Research Question: Most often used in qualitative enquiry.

 Hypotheses: The practice of using hypotheses was derived
from using the scientific method in social science iniquity.
 Note that deciding whether to use research questions or
hypotheses depend on the factors such as the purpose of
the study, the nature of design and methodological
approaches and the audience of the research.
Objectives
 This section describes what the investigator hopes to
accomplish with the research.
 The objective of the study should be: Clear, Concise and
specific, achievable and merit study
 General Objective: Often one statement directly related to
the topic.
 Specific Objectives: Often 4-5;
 What the researcher want to achieve
 About s/he want to collect the data;
 What to analyze and compare
 Significance of the study

 When thinking about the significant of your proposed study, ask

yourself the following questions:
 What will results mean to the theoretical framework that
framed the study?
 What suggestion for subsequent research a rise from
finding?
 Will results influence programs/interventions /policies?
 What will be improved/changed as a result of the proposed
research?
 How will the results of the study be will implemented?
 Who will be benefited?
Limitations and Delimitations of the study
 Limitation of the study: A limitation identifies potential
weaknesses of the study.
 Think about your analysis, the nature of self-report, your
instruments and the sample (size/design) and threats to
internal validity that may have been impossible to avoid or
minimize _ explain.
 Delimitation/Scope of the study: Delimitation addresses how
a study will be narrowed in scope, Conceptual, Geographical
scope of the study.
 This is the place to explain the things that you are not doing
and why you have chosen not to do them; the population
you are not studying (and why not); and the Methodological
procedure you will not use (and why you will not use them).
 Organization

 Organization of the chapters to be written. Such as,

• Chapter One : Introduction
• Chapter Two: Review of Literature
• Chapter Three : Research Methodology
• Chapter Four: Data analysis and Interpretation
• Chapter Five : Conclusions and Reccomondation
 Review of the Literature
 The review of literature provides the background and context for
the research problem to be investigated.
 It summarizes the result of previous studies that have reported
relationship among the variables included in the proposed research.
– It shares with the reader the result of other studies that are
closely related to the study being reported.
– It relates a study to the larger, on going dialogue in the
Literature about a topic, filling in gap and extending prior
studies.
– It provides a framework for establishing the importance of the
study as well as of a study with other findings.
– Demonstrate to the reader that you have comprehensive grasp
of the field
3. Methodology:
 Thus, when we talk of research methodology we not
only talk of the research methods but also consider the
logic behind the methods we use in the context of our
study and explain why we are using a particular
method/ procedure/ techniques and why we are not
using others
 Methodological part of the research proposal usually
consists sampling design, Methods of data collection,
Methods of data analysis; instruments will be used in
conducting the research and precise description of the
study context/ area.
Cont.…
3.1. Research type: This section will describe the type of
research design to be used will it be survey, quasi-
experimental or experimental design? Will it be cross
sectional or longitudinal? Will it be descriptive or causal?
3.2. Sampling (sample design/ subjects):These sections
describe how subjects will be chosen, and provide a
rational for the selection approach/ techniques taken.
Methods of data collection & analysis
• This may include survey administrative procedure,
interview or observation procedures, focus group etc.
– In This section of the research proposal you should
answer questions like:
– How are you going to collect the information you
need?
– Where does this data come from?
– Will you use an existing data set, or collect your own
(i.e.) types of data needed secondary/ primary)?
– One should be specific and explain why your are
making these choice.
Method of analysis
• Manual V/s Mechanical
• Editing: Field V/s In-House Editing (Include
reasons)
• Recording / Data entry / or Keyboarding
• Methods of Analysis
o Qualitative V/s Quantitative
o Descriptive (tools to be used)
o Explanatory
o Statistical tools to be used for the
analysis.
Time Vs Financial budget
3.1 Time Schedule: Try to put reasonable and realistic time on the basis of scope
of the study, objectives & methods and techniques to be used.

3.2 Finance: Realistic and detailed to reflect the activity schedule and convincing
for the reader or possibly the financier; reflect real budget.

References / Bibliography:
 American Psychological Association(APA) referencing style is
recommendable . Thank You,
End of Chapter-III