Banha University First Term, Academic Year 2022/2023

Faculty of AI& M 317 - Medical Image Processing

Computer Science Sheet 2

St. Name: Enas Mohamed Asker

First: Choose the correct answer (1 mark)

1. How is negative of an image obtained with intensity levels [0,L-1] with “r” and “s” being pixel values?
A. s = l – 1 + r
B. s = l – 1 – r
C. s = l + 1 + r
D. s = l + 1 + r

2. The general form of log transformations is .

A. s = c.log(1 + r)
B. s = c+log(1 + r)
C. s = c.log(1 – r)
D. s = c-log(1 – r)

3. Power-law transformations has the basic form of , where c and ? are constants.
A. s = c + r?
B. s = c – r?
C. s = c * r?
D. s = c / r.?

4. For what value of the output must the Power-law transformation account for offset?
A. no offset needed
B. all values
C. one
D. zero

5. What is Gamma Correction?

A. a power-law response phenomenon
B. inverted intensity curve
C. light brightness variation
D. none of the mentioned

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6. Which process expands the range of intensity levels in an image so that
it spans the full intensity range of the display?
A. shading correction
B. contrast sketching
C. gamma correction
D. none of the mentioned

7. Highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called .

A. intensity matching
B. intensity highlighting
C. intensity slicing
D. none of the mentioned

8. Highlighting the contribution made to total image by specific bits

instead of highlighting intensity-level changes is called .
A. intensity highlighting
B. byte-slicing
C. bit-plane slicing
D. none of the mentioned

9. Which of the following involves reversing the intensity levels of an

image?
A. log transformations
B. piecewise linear transformations
C. image negatives
D. none of the mentioned.

10. Piecewise Linear Transformation function involves which of the

following?
A. bit-plane slicing
B. intensity level slicing
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C. contrast stretching
D. all of the mentioned

11. What is the basis for numerous spatial domain processing techniques?
A. transformations
B. scaling
C. histogram

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D. none of the mentioned

12. In image we notice that the components of histogram are concentrated on the low side on
intensity scale.
A. bright
B. dark
C. colourful
D. all of the mentioned

13. What is Histogram Equalization also called as?

A. histogram matching
B. image enhancement
C. histogram linearization
D. none of the mentioned

Second: Answer the following (2 mark)

1. Write an equation to increase both the brightness and contrast
Brightness: new image = value or a matrix + old image
Contrast: new image = alpha*old image
2. Discuss the issue of getting pixel values greater than the limits
Truncating: then they may either be truncated at that maximum value.
Wrap around: continue upwards from the minimum allowed number again.
3. Find brightness and contrast for the following 3-bit image
1 2 3
2 2 4
3 5 2
1+2+3+2+2+4+3+5+2
Brightness: =3
3×3
5−1
Contrast: 5+1 = 0.6

4. Find the histogram equalized image for the following image (write the intermediate
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 results aswell)
0 1 2 2 6
2 1 1 2 1
1 3 4 3 3
0 2 5 1 1

color Frequency accumulated frequency Weighted frequency New color

0 2 2 2/20 Round (7*2/20) = 1
1 7 9 9/20 3
2 5 14 14/20 5
3 3 17 17/20 6
4 1 18 18/20 6
5 1 19 19/20 7
6 1 20 20/20 7

1 3 5 5 7
5 3 3 5 3
3 6 6 6 6
1 5 7 3 3

5. What are the benefits of the logical operators

are often used to combine two binary images.

6. How to decrease the number of gray-levels and why

By using division operation, used to decrease the size of the image .

7. Write the equations to stretch the image to the scale a:b and also to stretch it to the full
range

Scale a:b,

Scale a = new width / width

scale b = new height / height
Full range:
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛
New image= 𝑜𝑙𝑑 max − 𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × (𝑛𝑒𝑤 max − 𝑛𝑒𝑤 min ) + 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑚𝑖𝑛
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