Define each type of literature:

1. Anecdotes – anecdote is defined as a short and interesting story, or an amusing

event, often proposed to support or demonstrate some point, and to make the
audience laugh. Anecdotes can include an extensive range of tales and stories. In
fact, it is a short description or an account of any event that makes the readers
laugh or brood over the topic presented for the purpose.

2. Biography – a biography is simply an account or detailed description about the

life of a person. It entails basic facts, such as childhood, education, career,
relationships, family, and death. Biography is a literary genre that portrays the
experiences of all these events occurring in the life of a person, mostly in a
chronological order. Unlike a resume or profile, a biography provides a life story of
a subject, highlighting different aspects of his of her life. A persons who writes
biographies, is called as a “biographer”.

3. News – news is information about current events. This may be provided through
many different media: word of mouth, printing, postal systems, broadcasting,
electronic communication, or through the testimony of observers and witnesses to
events.

4. Essay – an essay is a short piece writing, either formal or informal, which

expresses the author’s argument about a particular subject. A formal essay has a
serious purpose and highly structured organization, while an informal essay may
contain humor, personal recollections and anecdotes, and any sort of organization
or form which the author wants. Note that while a formal essay has a more
detached tone, it can also represent the author’s personal opinions and be written
from the author’s point of view. Essays are shorter than a thesis or dissertation,
and thus deal with the matter at hand in a limited way. Essays can deal with many
different themes, such as analysis of a text, political opinions, scientific ideas,
abstract concepts, fragments of autobiography, and so on.

5. Oration – an oration is a speech delivered in a formal and dignified manner. A

skilled public speaker is known as an orator. The art of delivering speeches is called
oratory.
B. Oration
Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth,
Upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty
And dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal”.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war,

Testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,
Can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war.
We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those
who died here,
That the nation might live. This we may, in all propriety do.
But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we
cannot hallow, this ground.
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have hallowed it, far
above our poor power to add or detract.
The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while it
can never forget what they did here.

It is rather for us the living, we here be dedicated to the great task

remaining before us—that from these honored dead
We take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the
last full measure of devotion—that we here
Highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation
shall have a new birth of freedom,
And that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall
not perish from the earth.
A. Biography

Jose Garcia Villa

Poet, critic, short story writer, and painter, Jose Garcia Villa was a consummate artist in poetry and in person
as well. At parties given him by friends and admirers whenever he came home for a brief visit, things
memorable usually happened. Take that scene many years ago at the home of the late Federico Mangahas, a
close friend of villa’s. The poet, resplendent in his shiny attire, his belt an ordinary knotted cow’s rope, stood at
a corner talking with a young woman. Someone in the crowd remarked: “what’s the idea wearing a belt like
that”? No answer. Only the faint laughter of a woman was heard. Or was it a giggle perhaps? Then there was
one evening, with few people around, when he sat down Buddha-like on a semi-marble bench under Dalupan
Hall at UE waiting for somebody. That was the year he came home from America to receive a doctor’s degree,
honoris causa, from FEU. Somebody asked: “What are you doing”? he looked up slowly and answered
bemused: “ I am just catching up trying to be immoral”. Sounded something like that. There was only
murmuring among the crowd. They were not sure whether the man was joking or serious. They were awed to
learn that he was the famed Jose Garcia Villa. What did the people remember? The Buddha-like posture? Or
what he said? That was Villa the artist. There’s something about his person or what he does or says that makes
people gravitate toward him. Stare at him or listen to him. Villa is the undisputed Filipino supremo of the
practitioners of the “artsakists”. His followers have diminished in number but are still considerable. Villa was
born in Singalong, Manila, on 05 August 1908. His parents were Simeon Villa, personal physician of
revolutionary general Emilio Aguinaldo, and Guia Garcia.

He graduated from the UP High School in 1925 and enrolled in the pre-med course. He didn’t enjoy working on
cadavers and so he switched to pre-law, which he didn’t like either. A short biography prepared by the Foreign
Service Institute said Villa was first interested in painting but turned to writing after reading Sherwood
Anderson’s “Winesburg, Ohio”. Meanwhile, he devoted a good part of his time writing short stories and poems.
Soon he started exerting his leadership among the UP writers. His ideas on literature were provocative. He
stirred strong feelings. He was thought too individualistic. He published his series of erotic poems, “Man Songs”
in 1929. It was too bold for the staid UP administrators, who summarily suspended Villa from the university. He
was even fined P70 for “obscenity” by the Manila Court of First Instance. With the P1000 he won as a prize
from the Philippines Free Press for his “Mir-i-Nisa”, adjudged the best short story that year (1929), he migrated
to the United States. He enrolled at the University of New Mexico where he edited and published a
mimeographed literary magazine he founded: Clay. Several young American writers who eventually became
famous contributed. Villa wrote several short stories published in prestigious American magazines and
anthologies. Here is a partial list of his published books: Philippine Short Stories, best 25 stories of 1928 (1929),
Footnote to Youth, short stories (1933), Many Voices, poems (1939), Poems (1941), Have Come Am Here,
poems (1941), Selected Poems and New (1942), A Doveglion Book of Philippine Poetry (1962).

Through the sponsorship of Conrad Aiken, noted American poet and critic, Villa was granted the Guggenheim
Fellowship in creative writing. He was also awarded $1,000 for “outstanding work in American literature”. He
won first prize in poetry at the UP Golden Jubilee Literary Contests (1958) and was conferred the degree Doctor
of Literature, honoris causa, by FEU (1959); the Pro Patria Award of Literature (1961); Heritage Awards for
Literature, for poetry and short stories (1962); and National Artist Award for Literature (1973). On 07 February
1997, Jose Garcia Villa died at a New York hospital, two days after he was found unconscious in his apartment.
He was 88. The Department of Foreign Affairs said Villa, popularly known as the “comma poet”, died at 12:37
a.m. (New York time) of “cerebral stroke and multilobar pneumonia” at the St. Vincent Hospital in Greenwich.
He is survived by his two sons Randy and Lance, and three grandchildren. Interment was scheduled Feb. 10 in
New York, the FDA said. It added that Villa had expressed the wish to be buried wearing a barong. Though he
lived in New York for 67 years, he remained happily a Filipino citizen.
 Activity
in
Philippine
Literature
(Module 3)

Ma. Rica D. Demonteverde

BEED 3
Dr. Lydia B. Paredes
Define each type of literature
1. Anecdote - is a brief, revealing account of an individual person or
an incident: “a story with a point”, such as to communicate an
abstract idea about a person, place, or thing through the concrete
details of a short narrative or to characterize by delineating a
specific quirk or trait.
2. Biography – is simply an account or detailed description about
the life of a person. It entails basic facts, such as childhood,
education, career, relationships, family, and death. Biography is a
literary genre that portrays the experiences of all these events
occurring in the life of a person, mostly in a chronological order.
Unlike a resume or profile, a biography provides a life story of a
subject, highlighting different aspects of his/her life.
3. News – is information that is published in newspapers and
broadcast in radio and television about recent events in the country
or world or in a particular area of activity.
4. Essay – is writing that explains what a term means. Some terms
have definite, concrete meanings, such as glass, book, or tree. Terms
such as honesty, honor, or love are abstract and depend more on a
person’s point of view.
5. Oration – a public speech characterized by a studied or elevated
style, diction, or delivery.
A. Biography
Student Biography
As an avid lover of animals, Tracy Jones has dreamed of becoming a veterinarian
since she was four years old. Her love of animals started at a young age, having
grown up in a family which also consisted of two dogs, one cat, and two hamsters.
When she was seven years old, her dog became diagnosed with cancer, and she
nursed it for an entire year in order to minimize pain and prepare for rounds of
chemotherapy. After her dog passed away, she became determined to become a
doctor that would be able to treat animals and ensure their comfort.
Tracy attended Lady Jones High School, where she graduated with a GPA of 3.97.
During her time in high school, she was active in many animal rights and
advocacy groups, and was president of the Paws of Awareness club, where she led
group efforts to find shelter for abandoned pets. Additionally, she took courses at
her local community college which allowed her to get a head start on her college
work. She is currently a sophomore at Trinity College, where she is currently in
pre-veterinary studies. She currently has a GPA of 3.88, and volunteers twice a
week at a local animal shelter providing basic healthcare and examinations for the
animals housed there.
Tracy has an extensive volunteering list which has given her significant animal
handling abilities and the skills needed to identify and treat basic diseases
commonly seen in pets. She has volunteered at a feline shelter, helping to clean
and feed animals, as well as providing basic care until the veterinarian could give
the animals a thorough exam. She is also an advocacy blogger, who writes about
her experiences online in order to teach people how to better take care of their
pets and identify warning signs of disease that could possibly save the animal’s life.
B. Oration
Sending a Man to the Moon
“But I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall
send to the moon, 240,000 miles away from the control
station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet
tall, the length of this football field, made of new metal
alloys, some of which have not yet been invented,
capable of standing heat and stresses several times more
than have ever been experienced, fitted together with a
precision better than the finest watch, carrying all the
equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, control,
communications, food and survival, on an untried
mission, to an unknown celestial body, and then return
it safely to earth, re-entering the atmosphere at speeds
of over 25,000 miles per hour, causing heat about half
that of the temperature of the sun—almost as hot as it
is here today—and do all this, and do it right, and do it
first before this decade is out—then we must be bold”.
 Activity
in
Philippine
Literature
(Module 3)
Ainna Rose D. Abata
BEED 3
Dr. Lydia B. Paredes