POULTRY

Poultry - refers to the species of

domesticated birds which render
economic services to man.

Ornithology - the science that deals

with the study of birds.
Domestication Concept

– It is a condition wherein an animal is living and

freely reproducing under the care of man for his
economic advantages.
3 key components:
– Living and freely reproducing
– Under the care of man
– For economic advantages
Uses of Poultry
▪ poultry keeping is mainly intended for food (eggs, meat)
▪ certain breeds or varieties are also kept for amusement as pets, ornaments, or
game or sports
▪ the soft feathers of ducks are also excellent for stuffing pillows, blankets and
winter jackets
▪ the quill feathers have been used as a writing instrument in earlier times
▪ the skin of the ostrich is also used as leather material
▪ manure may be used as fertilizer
▪ in some cultures, the meat and bones of certain breeds of chickens
(e.g., the black-skinned Chinese Silkies) are believed to have medicinal value
Poultry Species
Domesticated birds and their origin and economic uses (Lambio, 2010).
Common Poultry Species
(Egg Weight and Incubation Period)

Common Name Egg Weight Incubation Period

(g) (days)

Chicken 58 21

Pekin duck 80-83 28

Muscovy 70 35-37

Mallard (itik) 60 28
 Common Name Egg Weight (g) Incubation Period (days)
Turkey 80-90 28
Quail 10-15 18
Pigeon 17 18

Goose 200 30-34

Pea fowl 95 28
Guinea fowl 40 26-28
Swan 285 42
Ostrich 1,400 42
Poultry Raising
– one of the most popular animal enterprise in the country

poultry species:
- fast multipliers
- quick growers
- considered to be relatively more efficient converters of feed to
meat and eggs
▪ chickens have been domesticated as early as
6,000 BC (Crawford, 1990)
▪ domestication of other species came later
▪ fowl still has been subjected to extensive
breeding for size, color patterns,
conformation, and certain economic traits
Chickens
- probably the most numerous domestic birds
in the world
- most exploited, utilized for food production

Genus: Gallus
Family: Phasianidae
Class: Aves
4 Wild Ancestors

▪ Gallus bankiva red jungle fowl of Asia

▪ Gallus sonnerati gray jungle fowl
▪ Gallus lafayetti Ceylonese/Sri Lankan
jungle fowl
▪ Gallus varius Javanese black/green
jungle fowl
Utility Classification

1. Egg type
2. Meat type
3. General purpose type/dual purpose
4. Fancy type
5. Fighting type
Egg Type
– characterized by their comparatively small size
– lay large, white shelled eggs
– very active and nervous in temperament
– non-sitters
Examples: Leghorn, Minorca, Ancona, Mikawa
Meat Type

– breeds that are large, slow in movement, quiet and gentle in disposition
– generally poorer egg layers
– generally lay brown shelled eggs

Examples: Brahma, Cochin, Langshan, Cornish, White Rocks

General Purpose Type
– medium sized good layers
– the young are fast growers
– they are not as nervous as the egg class but much more active
than the meat class

Examples: New Hampshire, Rhode Island Red, Plymouth Rock,

Lancaster, Nagoya, Cantonese
Fancy Type

– characterized as possessing decided beauty of plumage or form of

having a rare unusual appearance
– most of them are raised chiefly as ornamentals or pets by hobbyists,
regardless of their value as source of food.

Example: Frizzle, Bantams, Long tailed

Fighting Class
– groups of chickens developed for game/ recreation.

Examples: Ruble, Hulsay, Claret, Oasis

Standard Classification (origin)

1. American class
2. Asiatic class
3. Mediterranean class
4. English class
American Class

– Origin: America
– bred for egg and meat
– considered as brown egg layers with yellow skin

Examples: Wyandottes, Hampshire, Rhode Island Red

Asiatic Class

– Origin: Asia
– with yellow skin, large bodies which are squarely shaped

Examples: Cantonese, Nagoya

Mediterranean Class
– origin: Europe
– smaller than American and Asiatic class
– clean legged with white creamy earlobes
– produce white shelled eggs

Example: Leghorn, Hamburg, Polish, French

English Class

– Origin: English origin

– for egg and meat production
– have excellent fleshing quality

Examples: Orpington, Ancona

“Native” Chicken

- Descendants of those from continental Asia

- Introduced during the early trade
(Must have evolved from domestic fowls brought into the country
by the early Chinese, Spanish and Dutch settlers and traders)
Dilemma faced by native chickens
(resulting to poor performance)

▪ Farmers sell the best birds in a flock

▪ Retain the genetically inferior ones to
reproduce
▪ Raised under poor conditions
Locally available commercial strains of
layers and broilers
Egg type Meat type Source of Stock
Arbor Acres Arbor acres broiler San Miguel Corp.
Bobcock Cobb – Color – Sex Sarmiento Agric’l Dev’t
Broiler chicks
Dekalb Pilch-Dekalb broiler chicks General Milling Corp.
Hy-line Indian river broiler chicks Winmar Poultry Farm, Inc.
H&N Peterson RFM Corp
Kimber Lorenzo Poultry Farms
Starcross Starbro 15 Robina Farms
Hubbard broiler chicks Golden Country Farm
Goto White Rock Dalisay Farms