POULTRY PRODUCTION By-products (manure)

Domestication Stabilize farm economy

- Latin word “domesticus” “of the home” Lower risk of food shortage
- Taming population of organism in order to
accentuate traits that are desirable Reduces risk famine
- To adapt the behavior of the animal to fit the
needs of people
Poultry- all domesticated birds
Wild animals are hunted for food and skin
Ornithology- science that deals with the study of birds
The early humans began to confine and breed animals
Dr. Francisco M. Fronda- father of poultry science
- Steadier supply
- Beginning of a settle way of life
- Some historians believe that the human race
would never have become civilized without Historical Background
domestication of animals Chickens- numerous domestic birds in the world

genus- Gallus
Swine- Neolithic age 25,000 years ago Family- Phasianidae
Cattle- Neolithic age 18,000 years ago class- Aves
Goat- Neolithic age

Horses- before 3,000 BC in Persia 4 wild Ancestors

Poultry- 2,000 BC in India, China, and Egypt Gallus bankiva- red jungle fowl (Asia)

Gallus lafeyetti- Sri Lankan jungle fowl

Domestication concept Gallus sonnerati- gray jungle fowl
- 3 key components: Gallus varius- black/green jungle fowl
1. Living and freely reproducing
2. Under the care of man
3. for economic advantage
Domestic fowl- domesticated since 2000 BC
Awareness of behavioral patterns
- breeding size
Ethology- study of animal behavior - color patterns
- conformation
Konrad Lorenz- founder of ethology - economic traits
Imprinting- rapid and irreversible learning

Services to man

Food (milk, meat, egg)

- contains CHON high biological value

- enhances diet palatability

Ornamentals and Clothing (feather pelts, and leathers)

Sports and Recreation (cockfighting, bull fighting,

horseback riding, companion animals)
Sabong- sport and industry that Filipinos should be
Conserve soil and soil fertility proud of

Organic matter content cockpits became the ideal recruitment grounds for the
prospective members of the Katipunan
World Slasher cup- “Olympics of cockfighting” - ornamental or pets

ex. Frizzle, Bantams, Long tailed

Specialized Filed in Poultry Fighting Class-

- Breeder farm ex. Hulsay, Ruble, Claret, Oasis

- layer farm
- broiler farm
- hatchery Standard Classification (origin)
Dilemma faced by native chickens (resulting to poor 1. American class- America
performance) 2. Asiatic class- Asia
2. Retain the GENETICALLY INFERIOR ONES to 3. Mediterranean class- Europe
reproduce 4. English class- English origin

3. Raised under POOR CONDITIONS Native chicken (origin)

Descendants of those continental Asia

BREED- distinguishing traits Land bridges

- plumage color Introduced during the early stage

- pattern Examples:
- comb type
- body size Labuyo, Balinao, Paroakan, Banaba, Darag

UTILITY CLASSIFICATION

1. Egg type Poultry Breeding- scientific practice which aims at

2. Meat type genetic improvement
3. General purpose type
4. Fancy type aim is to improve the performance of the flock
5. Fighting type

Egg type- SELECTION

- small type, lay large, white shelled, 1. Natural Selection
- very active and nervous in temperament, non - 2. Artificial Selection
sitters
Males and females are selected for the ff
ex. Leghorn, Minorcas, Anconas, Mikawa economically traits
Meat type- 1. Egg production- no. of eggs produce, %
- large, slow in movement, quiet and gentle hatchability
- poorer 2. Egg quality- shell thickness, egg size, interior
- lay brown shelled eggs quality
3. Feed conversion
ex. Brahmas, Conchin, Langshans, Cornish, White rocks 4. Growth rate
5. Resistance to disease
General purpose type- 6. Rate of feathering
- medium sized
- fast growers SYSTEM OF POULTRY BREEDING
- not as nervous
- egg class 1. Inbreeding- mating closely related individuals
- more active 2. Outbreeding- breeding of unrelated animals
- meat class a. Cross breeding- mating two different
breeds
ex. New Hampshire, Rhode Island Red, Plymouth rock, b. 3 way cross (Tripple- crossing)
Lancaster, Nagoya, Cantonese - involves three generation scheme of breeding
Fancy type- 1. GPS- grandparental stocks- obtained from a
long series of inbreeding
 2. PS- Parental stocks- product of crossing inbred
line or family
3. CS- Commercial stock- produce of crossing 4
inbred lines
c. Upgrading- mating of purebred to native
hen
- most popular breeding system

Ex. Native- 40-60 eggs/year

Upgrades- 150-200 egg/year