CHAPTER 5 01

5.1 Security Issues:

Threats to Computers and
Communication System
• Human Errors 02

• Procedural Errors
• Software Errors
• "Dirty Data " Problems
• Electromechanical Problems
• Natural Hazards
• Computer Crimes
 Human Errors
Human Errors

Is a label given to an
action that has negative
consequences or fails to
achieve the desired
outcome
Procedural Errors:

when people fail to follow established

procedures, errors can occur.

04
05 SOFTWARE BUGS

it's an error that prevents the

application from functioning as it
should.

Software Errors:
 06

Dirty Data Problems

-ALSO KNOWN AS ROGUE DATA IS INACCURATE,
INCOMPLETE OR INCONSISTENT DATA, ESPECIALLY IN A
COMPUTER SYSTEM OR DATABASE.
 Electromechanical Errors

-Mechanical systems can wear out or become

damage
07

-they can also be badly designed or constructed

-power failures and surges can damage equipment

Natural Hazards

Unpredictable and often lead to

disaster when occurs.
 09
Computer Crimes

ALSO KNOWN AS
"CYBERCRIME" , THE USE OF TWO TYPES:
A COMPUTER AS AN
INSTRUMENT TO FURTHER *ILLEGAL ACT PERPETRATED
ILLEGAL ENDS AGAINST COMPUTERS OR
TELECOMMUNICATIONS

*USE OF COMPUTERS OR
TELECOMMUNICATIONS TO
ACCOMPLISH AN ILLEGAL ACT
10
Security

is a system of safeguards for protecting

information technology against disasters,
system failures, and unauthorized access
that can result in damage or loss.

5.2
Security Safeguards; Protecting
Computer and Communications
 Computer Security can be Divided into
Five Components
• DETERRENTS TO COMPUTER CRIME
-enforcing the law
-CERT: The Computer Emergency Response
Team
• provide round the clock informatin on
international computer security threats
-Tools Used to Fight Fraudulent and
Unauthorized Online Uses
• rule base detection software
• predictive statistical model software
• employee internnet management
• internet browisng filtering software
• elctronic surveillance
2. IDENTIFICATION AND
ACCESS
- very legitimate right access by
what you have, what you know,
and who you are
• what you have; like keys,
cards, signatures, badges
• what you know; like pin
numbers and password
• who you are like; bio metrics
such as face scan and figer
print scan
3. ENCRYPTION
-the process of altering and
changing a data unto
unreadable form to prevent
unauthorized access
• Advantage: encrypting data
that is available over the
Internet keeps thieves and
crackers from reading it.
• Disadvantage: encrypting
data may prevent law-
enforcement officials from
reading the data criminals
are sending to one another.
4. PROTECTION OF 5. DISASTER RECOVERY
SOFTWARE AND DATA PLAN
-restrict access to online files; • Method of restoring information-
use transaction logs processing operations that have
-use audit controls to track who been halted by destruction or
used what programs and accident
servers; which files were opened • Back up everything; put
mainframes in different locatio
and so on
-use people controls-screen
applicants; do background
checks; monitor internet, email,
and computer usage; use
shredders for discarded
documents and materials.
5.3 Explain Privacy Surveillance: Data
Collections and Spies
Privacy Surveillance

The rise of Big Data has led to continuing threats to

privacy from three giant sources:

• From business organizations

• From governments, local to federal
• From foreign governments and criminal groups
THREE GIANT SOURCES:
14

BUSINESS AND CYBER GOVERNMENT AND CYBER SPYING, HACKING, &

SPYING SPYING CYBERWARFARE BY FOREIGN
GOVERNMENTS & GROUPS
-almost everything we do online is -governments at all levels spy on
being scooped up and recorded their citizens, soemtimes -the world is so interconnected
for use by marketers, and it's encouraged by the law, that it is a constant struggle for
difficult to know what parts of our sometimes in spite of the law, technology managers to keep us
own lives still belong to us. often unknown to us. secure against cyber invasions of all
sorts.
-whatever the impact on your personal privacy, it seems unlikely that -Local police, national ID cards, National Security Agency (NSA), - governments get involved in
you can claim ownership of a lot of data that's being collected about FBI, drones and so on cyberwarfare-warfare involving
you. At work, for instance, you basically have no rights. computers and the internet in which
one nation attacks another's
information system.
Data Collectors
-data modelers and data governance experts need to work with the
company's security experts to create policies and procedures designed
to handle confidential data within the organizations and to decide
which data can be safely exposed to vendors and others outside the
firm.
16

spying combines monitoring and

SPIES surveillance with active intelligence
gathering and data analysis to
discover what is occurring relative
to government or corporate
interests.
SIMPLE STEPS THAT
CAN HELP YOU
SAFEGUARD YOUR
PRIVACY
SECURE YOUR CURRENT
BROWSER
clear out your cookie caches
and browser histories, and
when you visit a website, make
sure HTTPS is enabled.
Search Engines:
there are engines like
DuckDuckGo and Qwant that
don't record your search history
and block ad trackers.
Use some of these browser
pugins:
HTTPS Everywhere, Facebook
Container, Disconnect, Blur, or
Privacy Badger.
VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE
NETWORK)
- a virtual private network is a
way to create a secure tunnel
through the inherently insecure
internet.
Passwords and Vaults
-using complex passwords is the
first line of defense you have to
secure your online accounts.
-password vaults generate
strong passwords on your
behalf, as well as proactively
change old and weak ones.
ENABLE TWO-FACTOR
AUNTHENTICATION
• using 2FA creates an additional
step to access your accounts and
data.
• the most common methods are
via an SMS message, a biometric
marker such as a figerprint or iris
scan or a PIN
SECURE YOUR MOBILE DEVICES
• PATCH
these patches resolve new bugs
and flaws, as well as sometimes
provide performance fixes.
• LOCK IT DOWN
make sure your mobile device is
locked in some way to prevent its
physical compromise.
 ENCRYPT YOUR MESSAGES MOBILE APPLICATIONS REDUCE YOUR ONLINE
SOURCES AND FOOTPRINT
• SIGNAL
PERMISSIONS
the most accessible, secure messaging
service in existence today. -downloading apps from trusted • HavelBeenPwned
• WhatsApp sources such as Google Play and - use the HavelBeenPwned
it completed a rollout of end-to-end Apple's App store is always the service to check if you have been
encryption across all compatible devices in best option. compromised in a large data breach.
2016. -remember that apps can request a variety of permissions that can

• Apple's iMessage create security risks or information leaks. • Google Account

only convesations taking place between
iPhones are encrypted.
• Facebook Messenger
with other end-to-end options available,
it's not worth the risk.
• Telegram
it's not encrypted by default but does have
a "Secret Chat" option that is end-to-end
encrypted.
- -if you use Google services,
SECURE EMAIL examine the Privacy checkup
• PROTON MAIL function and review settings in the
an open-source email system main Google Account.
based in Switzerland and
protected under the country's
strict data protection laws.

19
 The Internet of Things

-keep loT devices password protected, make sure

they run up-to-date software, and check the
20
default settings.

-consider running all your loT devices on a

separate home network.
 21

THANK YOU!!!
I'll catch you online!