2

CHAPTER 2:
Differentiation

Slide 1
 Differentiation
2
1 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE POWER
RULE

2 IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

3 Mean Value Theorem

Slide 2
Differentiation
2

Applications

Slide 3
Differentiation
2

In geometry, the tangent line (or simply tangent) to a plane curve at a

given point is the straight line that "just touches" the curve at that point.

Slide 4
Differentiation
2

Slide 5
Differentiation
2

Slide 6
Differentiation
2

Slide 7
Differentiation
2

Slide 8
 1
2.3 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE POWER
RULE
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE

For any constant c,

(The tangent line to a

horizontal line is the same
horizontal line.)

Slide 10
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE

(The tangent line to the line

y = x is a line of slope one,
which is not surprising.)

Slide 11
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
The Power Rule
The table presents a short list of
derivatives calculated previously
either as examples or in the
exercises using the limit definition.

Note that the power of x in the derivative is always one less

than the power of x in the original function. Further, the
coefficient of x in the derivative is the same as the power
of x in the original function.

Slide 12
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.1 (Power Rule)

Slide 13
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE

Slide 14
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE

Slide 15
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.1 Using the Power Rule

Slide 16
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.1 Using the Power Rule

(a)

(b)

Slide 17
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
The General Power Rule
We have already seen these derivatives:

Note that each derivative can be rewritten:

suggesting that the power rule may be extended to all real

exponents (except zero).

Slide 18
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.2 (General Power Rule)

Slide 19
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.2 Using the General Power Rule

Slide 20
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.2 Using the General Power Rule

(a)

(b)

(c)

Slide 21
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE

Be careful here to avoid a common error:

The power rule says to subtract 1 from the exponent

(even if the exponent is negative).

Slide 22
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.3

Slide 23
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.3 Finding the Derivative of a Sum

Slide 24
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.3 Finding the Derivative of a Sum

Slide 25
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.4 Rewriting a Function before Computing
the Derivative

Slide 26
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.4 Rewriting a Function before Computing
the Derivative

Slide 27
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.5 Finding an Equation of the Tangent Line

Slide 28
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.5 Finding an Equation of the Tangent Line

The line with slope −6 through the point (1, 2) has

equation

Slide 29
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.5 Finding an Equation of the Tangent Line

Slide 30
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
Higher Order Derivatives
We can compute the derivative of a derivative.

It turns out that such higher order derivatives have

important applications.
We can compute the derivative of f’, called the second
derivative of f and written f’’. We can then compute
the derivative of f’’, called the third derivative of f,
written f’’’.

Slide 31
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
Higher Order Derivatives

Slide 32
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.6 Computing Higher Order Derivatives

Slide 33
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.6 Computing Higher Order Derivatives

Slide 34
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
Acceleration
You are probably familiar with the term acceleration,
which is the instantaneous rate of change of velocity.

Consequently, if the velocity of an object at time t is given

by v(t), then the acceleration is

Slide 35
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.7 Computing the Acceleration of a
Skydiver
Suppose that the height of a skydiver t seconds after
jumping from an airplane is given by

f (t) = 640 − 20t − 16t2 feet.

Find the person’s acceleration at time t.

Slide 36
 COMPUTATION OF DERIVATIVES: THE
2.3
POWER RULE
3.7 Computing the Acceleration of a
Skydiver

The velocity changes by −32 ft/s every second and the

speed in the downward (negative) direction increases by
32 ft/s every second due to gravity.

Slide 37
 Exercises

5
1. 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥

1
2. 𝐹(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2

7
3. 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥
2 3 3 4
4. 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5 . 𝑥 − 1
Slide 38
 Exercises

5
1. − 2
𝑥

1
2. − 3
𝑥

−7
3.
2 𝑥3

4. 3𝑥 𝑥 2 + 5 2 𝑥 3 − 1 3 [2 𝑥 3 − 1 4𝑥(𝑥 2 + 5)

Slide 39