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Table of Content
CHAPTER 1 ………………………………………………………. PAGE 2
BACKGROUND……………………………………………….. PAGE 2 – 3
PROSPOSED SYSTEM………………………………………… PAGE 3 – 4
AIM FOR THE PROJECT……………………………………… PAGE 4
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT……………………………… PAGE 4
CHAPTER 2…………………………………………………… PAGE 5 -6
CHAPTER 3………………………………………………….. PAGE 7 - 10
CHAPTER 4…………………………………………………….. PAGE 11 - 13
CHAPTER 5…………………………………………………… PAGE 13 - 16
CHAPTER 6………………………………………………………16 - 17
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CHAPTER 1
Abstract

Recently around 3rd November 2021, the government of Ghana held a conference on to how they can
make availability of water entity in every district in Ghana. The government of Ghana was bringing
together ideas for making accessible, reliable good drinking water. By so doing, they needed a system
which can manage a chunk of information which can use in managing information from various district in
the country.

Background.
Ghana Water Company Limited is a government domestic water support provider which operate in
providing good drinking water to the various cities, towns and villages in the country which is based on
contract between the government as a whole and the citizens. GWCL is made of categories of operations
team which help in executing the various task in the company. The operation manager, the IT support
team and the Accounts.
The operation manager seeks to direct and control the day-to-day activity in the
organization. The IT support team seek to provide before and after technical support to clients whenever
it is needed. The account team on the other hand seek to make sure that bills are generated for clients for
their bill payment. Finally, the account is in charge of receiving payment from client.
Contract that happens between GWCL and its client happens to have accessibility of good drinking water
in the locations of the client. The total number of readings by the water meter for the client to pay off.
And lastly terms and condition that the clients need to follow. Just not long ago, GWLC has encountered
failures in it business operations. From the Ghana Water Company Limited the failures occurred due to
numerous reasons but few I can mention:

1. CLIENTS, USERS, BILLS AND INCOME MANAGEMENT BY THE ADMIN WAS MANAGE
MANUALY
The only way GWCL was able to record clients, Bills and income information was done
manually by recording them in a note book which sometimes some of the information get
missing. Other encounter that caused their failure was unusual risk that happens in the
organization which was fire-outbreak, flooding and others. This caused the organization to
lose vital information.

2. GWCL WAS FINDING IT DIFFICULT TO MANAGE THEIR OPERATIONS BY

GENERATING BILLS AND REPORT FOR MAKING DECISIONS.
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Since there was nothing like a system which will help them in generating bills and report for
knowing the total number of bills that a client own and also for future decision making, it was very
hard for them to get accurate information in making vital decisions.

3. PRINTING OF BILLS WAS DONE MANUALLY.

After generating the report, GWCL needs to billed it various client. Because the print out was
done manually, the management have to type all its information they need to print out on a word
document before printing out bills for client which led to time and resources wastage in their
operations.

4.
GWCL WAS NOT BEING ABLE TO KNOW THOSE OF THE CLIENTS WHOSE BILLS ARE
DUE ON TIME.
Because everything was done manually Ghana water company was not able to know, those of
the clients who are owing on time so that they can send bills to them in the right time.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSE SYSTEM

Ghana Water Company Ltd staff or employees will be able to manage, monitor and control the system by
using the web access view no matter where they find themselves. The system will have friendly, secured
and robust interface in receiving data and information to the database so it will prevent any future
hijacking or intrusion to the system.
The Ghana water company ltd system will perform several functions as follows:
1. CLIENTS, USERS, BILLS AND INCOME MANAGEMENT BY THE ADMIN
Admin will have access to the Home dashboard when he or she logged in. The home will be
having a picture summation of clients and users who had been registered or added to the
system by the admin. Finally, it will be having total bills incurred by the various client and
income gain by Ghana water company ltd. Finally, admin can edit it profile, add, edit, delete
users, clients, bills and income information.

2. CLIENTS, BILLS AND INCOME MANAGEMENT BY A USER

A user will be having some privileges to edit it profile, add, edit, delete, clients,
users, bills and income information since users also play partly admin role.

3. USER’S OF GWCL CAN MANAGE THE SYSTEM GENERATING BILLS AND REPORT
FOR MAKING DECISIONS.
The water bill management system will be imbedded with structures which will help
in generating bills and report for knowing the total number of bills that own a client and also for
future decision making.
4. AVAILABILITY OF PRINT OUT STRUCTURE IN THE SYSTEM.
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After generating the report, GWCL needs billed it various client having. Having this print out
structure in the system. the management can print out bills for client to know how much they are
owing at the end of the month without passing through any stress.

5. EMAILING OF WATER BILLS TO CLIENTS THROUGH THEIR REGISTERED EMAIL ON

THE SYSTEM
Having clients registered email in the in the system. Ghana water company ltd will be to
email clients with their bills through the email. They will be able to suggest to the client which
payment method they can use. This will help reduce cost spent by the clients in visiting the premises
of the organization.

6.
GWCL BEING ABLE TO KNOW THOSE OF THE CLIENTS WHOSE BILLS ARE DUE USING
THE REPORT
Ghana water company will be able to know, those of the clients who are owing so that they can
send bills to them using the client generated report.

AIM OF THE PROJECT

1. To make a case study or to research to gather similar competitors’ information which is well
structured which will be of a help in documenting and coming out with the most required and
needed water bill management system for Ghana Water Company Limited.
2. To make a case study or to research about Ghana Water Company Limited, to know the
limitations currently in their operation. This will be of help to come out with a well able water bill
management system for them do away most of their limitations in their daily work-flow
processes.

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1. Document and organize operational requirement from the staff of Ghana Water Company
Limited, so that it will help me to understand how they want the system functionality to be.
2. Document and analyze most accepted development methods for the business operations for
GWCL.
3. Document and analyze the various database management system to be able to pick the best one
for the project.
4. Document and analyze the various programing languages to able to pick the best one for the
project.
5. Coding out the system by implementing and developing.
6. Testing out the system by validating the user requirement.
7. Setting up the basic stage documentation of the project to be executed.
8. Scan the basic stage documentation and concluding with the final report of the project.
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CHAPTER 2
The chapter contain documented case study and result on the tools to use, resources and intelligent ways
which will help in developing the system and its management. Below are the case study that took place
and also the result found in doing so:

Case Study on PHP and Python

Python and php are both scripting sever-side language. Below are some elaborations on the two-
programing language.

The Market share of Php and Python

Python is being known for it popularity, In spite of all there had not been any significant share
won by the server-side language in the web development market. From W3tech statistics proves that
python operate on fewer website with the rate of 1.4%. Whiles Php on the other hand is use for make of
the backend in web development of 79%. (proxify, 2021)
The Usability of Php and Python
Using the interfaces created from programing languages as a whole is being known as usability.
There is a traditional way Php showcase it interface which is less appealing and more over using it can
sometimes be bored to use. Python on the other hand boast of having more presentable interface because
the tools use in implementing the language.
The performance of Php and Python
Benchmark game experimented on various web applications and the outcome was that
Php out do Python in code size, the usage, speed, memory and finally CPU load. This does not mean
python will output unwanted performance for web application. It will perform fine depending on how set
it parameters. (proxify, 2021)

In spite of the functionalities python provides to the system when it is being used. Php will be the main
programing language that will be used to create the water bill management system. The reason being is
that GWCL want the system to be robust but flexible so that, should the person who created the system is
not available, The programmer who will take charge the system will be able to work on the project with
ease.
OUTCOME ON MYSQL VS SQLITE
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MySQL and SQLite are both open-source relational database management system. SQLite is available in
the public domain. Whiles MySQL is own by Oracle. (hostinger, 2019)

The data support of MySQL and SQLite

Datatypes that are being supported by SQLite are Integer, Blob, Null, Real and Text. Whiles
datatypes which are supported by MySQL is Mediumint, Smallint, Tinyint, Int, Double, Real, Char,
Varchar and so on. You can clarify that when it comes to datatypes of MySQL is flexible to use.
(hostinger, 2019)

The storage and portability of MySQL and SQLite

The library of MySQL holds about 600 MB whiles that of SQLite holds 250 KB in size. It is very
easy to copy SQLite information, there is no configurations which is needed. It is always stored in a
single file. You can use minimal effort in executing the process. With MySQL you always need to get the
information to be condense into a single file before you can copy. This will consume time when working
with larger database. (hostinger, 2019)

The security and Ease of MySQL and SQLite

There is no inbuilt mechanism authentication in SQLite. Which it database can be access by
users. While MySQL have inbuilt security interface and features like login in using the username and
password and finally SSH. Setting up MySQL needs more configurations whiles SQLite does not need
much configuration settings before setting up. (hostinger, 2019)

OUTCOME ON SSADM AND MULTIVIEW DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES

The hard approach is being used by the Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology in
analyzing information systems. The human and the technical aspects deal with the Multi-view approach
when taking into account. Below are some outcomes for both methodologies.

1. The Complexity of the project

Making sure that each stage is completed successfully before other phases, Structured System
Analysis and Design Methodology is the best fit for complex projects because of the ability
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simplify projects sequentially. There are so many ways in monitoring the progress of a complex
project.
In managing all types of projects. Multi-view can also serve as a methodology
because it uses both the human and the technical aspects of system integration. It can be partial
towards one side if it is not well used. Although Structured System Analysis and Design
Methodology is very significant in the usage but, multi-view approach is the most recommended
methodology to use because it works in technical and human environments.

2. The Planning and Scheduling of the project

Using the waterfall model always goes with the Structured System Analysis and Design. This
ensures that the process is not being touch or not revisited. It makes sure that the implementation
of the project is well schedule and planed before executing it. Multi- view can always be
revisited when there is any changes or update that needs to occur in it process than using
SSADM.

CHAPTER 3

This field encompass with analyzing GWCL to gather model functional requirement from the
people who will be using the system. Gathering requirements from Ghana Water Company
Limited, these techniques were received.

Questionnaires

Questionnaires have the upper hand over some types of surveys which is very cheap. They do not require
much from the person who needs the answers to the questionnaire. There is always a default answer to
choose in completing filling those forms. Since it is having the default answers sometimes it will not be of
interest to the person who will be answering the questions. They also have limitations that the person who
is answering the question should well enough to read and answer those questions.

OBSERVATION

Ghana Water Company Limited was visited, being an information system analyst. Staff of
GWCL staff was not alert. Whatever questions that were being asked was noted and documented. The
outcome which was documented were being talked about later with Ghana Water Company Limited who
gave the go ahead that whatever solution that need to be provided to solve the issue at hand should take
place. The techniques were implemented to help not to go against the profitable time of GWCL.

RICH PICTURE
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A rich picture was drawn to showcase the current system in the premises of Ghana Water Company
Limited. Not only using rich picture to showcase the current organization structure but also to understand
the connection or the links between various level of operations in GWCL, Current challenges in the
organization. Below is the diagram of the rich picture.
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After using the questionnaire to investigate to get much information from Ghana Water Company
Limited. Below is the information that was generated.
1. The necessity to create structures (functionalities) to care for client information. These are adding, edit
and delete. Client are the ones who will be engaging with the users of the system for technical support or
paying of their bills.

2.. The necessity to create structures (functionalities) to care for bills and income details. These are
adding, edit and delete. Making sure that the information of bills and income including ID Number, First
Name, Last Name, Middle Name, Complete Address, Contact Number, View, Run Bill Sequence are
being entered and manage by the system.
3. The necessity to create structures (functionalities) to print out bills and report details for client. This
called print. With these the account Ghana Water Company Limited to print out bills for their clients.
4.. The necessity to create structures (functionalities) to care for users’ details. These are adding, edit and
delete. With this Admin of the system manage the information of users.

Below are the functional requirement for the system.

1. The necessity for the system to be secured and robust. This will be a path that only users who had
been giving the privilege to login to the system can only do so.
2. The necessity for the system to be access globally. This will help users to get access to the system
anywhere they found themselves.
3. The necessity for the system to have a call-to-action interface. This help to prevent difficulties
when using the system by the users.

4. The necessity for the system to receive updates. This help when there is any changes to made or
upgrade to make the programmer in charge of the system at that moment can do that with ease.
5. The necessity for the system to be optimized. This help to get things done at the right time
without any stress.

After the findings of non-functional and the functional requirements, a diagram was generated to
brief the understanding of the connection between the system functionalities and the users for the system.
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Administrator Login
Add Client
Delete Client

Update Client
Add User

Delete User
Update User

Add Bills
Delete Bills
User
View Bills
Print Ticket

Logout
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CHAPTER 4
This field of documentation encompass the framework and how each of the entities are linked or
connected to each for the system to be built. The framework representation of the system shows how each
the classes and entities are interrelated to each other which can be found in the database.

Client User
1 1…..*
1 1

Bills Roles
1……*
1

Bills Details
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CLASS DIAGRAM
A class diagram was generated to contain the classes of the objects and the connections in
between them. The class diagram can be located below. The class diagram also ensured that each object
class was represented with their respective attributes and operations. The class diagram can be seen
below:

Client Class
Id: int
User Class First Name: Varchar
Id: int Last Name: Varchar
Meter Number: Varchar
Name: Varchar Address: Varchar
Contact: Varchar
Username: Varchar Email: Varchar
Password: Varchar
addclientinfo()
updateclientinfo()
adduserinfo () deleteclientinfo()
viewclientinfo()
deleteuserinfo()

Updateuserinfo()
Role Class 1
Viewuserinfo()
ContainClientDetails 1…..
Id: int
Bills Class
userlevels: Varchar Client Id: int
Previous readings: Varchar
Username: Varchar
Present readings: Varchar
Password: Varchar Price: Varchar
Date : Varchar
addroleinfo ()
addclientinfo()
deleteroleinfo() updateclientinfo ()
deleteclient()
Updateroleinfo() viewbillinfo()
CHAPTER 5
THE FACT THE PHP WAS USE TO PROGRAM THE WHOLE PROPOSE SYSTEM
Below is a sample code which gives the user the edge to manage the information of the client in the
system. The first thing the code will do to give access to the user is to compare the login details user to
the one found in the database whether they are the same. If the login information or details are the same,
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there will be a session which will authenticate the user to the system. Another thing the code also does is
to give the user the go ahead to enter the correct information about the client so that it can submit all those
details to the database. The system will automatically pup out an error if supposed to.
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TEST PLAN WAS USED IN THIS PROJECT

TEST NO TEST FOR THE THE EXPECTED OUTCOME

PLAN DISCRIPTION OUTCOME
USED
1 Login In Making sure that User can be able System is
user login privacy to login with same accessed with
is kept secured details registered correction login
with. details
2 Add Client Making sure that User and admin Client information
admin or user can adding client is successfully
be able to add information to the registered into the
client information system. system
to the system.
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EVIDENCE SHOWING THAT THE SYSTEM IS WELL COMPLETED WITH THE NECESSARY
FINISHING

ADMIN AND USER LOGIN SCREEN

The picture above authenticates the administrator to the system if correct credentials are being entered.

THE ADMIN AND USER DASHBOARD

The picture above allows both the admin and the user to have the graphical interface view of dashboard
like the number of Client, Users and Bills GWCL have.
ADDING CLIENTS
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The screen above helps in adding client information or details to the system.

CHAPTER 6

The chapter contain evaluation information which was use to develop the system.
THE FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT EVALUATION
Below is some evaluated aspect of the system trying to see if its primary functional user requirement
had been met.
1. Managing the user details
The finished system give access to the admin and user to add, view, delete and update clients’
details or information using the system.
2. The Generating of Bills and Report
The finished system give access to the admin and user to generate bills and report, furthermore
being able to print it to customers.

THE FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT EVALUATION

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1. The usability of the system

The finished system of Ghana Water Company Limited can be used by the staff of in
organization without any support from anyone. There are special icons which are used for
them system to users to meet their needs.
2. The Performance of the system
The finished system is well optimized in a way that, managing client information or details
can be done with ease without any stress.

3. The Reliability of the system

The finished system is so much reliable to the extent the it provides the exact information
from the system when it is being retrieve by the user or admin.

Conclusion
The water bill system can be boast out that it had achieved the main goals of Ghana Water
Company Limited by pulling of operational burdens from the organization. This will help in
increasing productivity as well as profit gain through the services they provide. The steps and
the tools which were use in coming out with the system was awesome. Php help in
implementing the system structures at the backend of the system. MySQL was also use in
making sure that information and date were received and being kept carefully for future use.
The Multi view approach was used to ensure that the implementation of the system follow a
correct pattern.

Bibliography
hostinger. (2019, March 27). Retrieved from https://www.hostinger.com/tutorials/sqlite-vs-mysql-
whats-the-difference/#:~:text=SQLite%20is%20a%20server%2Dless,to%20interact%20over%20a
%20network.

proxify. (2021, Jan 19). Retrieved from https://proxify.io/articles/php-vs-python