1. How many Protons, Neutrons, and Electron are present in Mercury – 201?

201
80 Hg Protons = 80 - Atomic number

201
80 Hg Neutrons = mass no. – atomic no.
Neutrons = 201 – 80 = 121
Neutrons = 121

201
80 Hg Electrons = Protons = Electrons
Electrons = 80

201
80 Hg Nucleons = Protons + Electrons
Nucleons = 201

2. Which of the following is an alpha particle?

0
0
y = Gamma Particle

0
−1
e = Electron “Beta Particle”

0
1
e = Positron

4
2
He = Alpha Particle

1
0
n = Neutron
 3. What element will be formed if thorium-230 undergoes alpha decay?

230 4 288
90
Th →
2
He + 88
Ra

*when balancing a nuclear equation we need to make sure that the mass is the
same and the charge remains the same

4. What element will produced if iodine-131 undergoes beta decay?

131 0 131
53
I →
−1
e + 54
Xe

*when balancing a nuclear equation we need to make sure that the mass is the
same and the charge remains the same

5. Which of the following processes converts a neutron into a proton?

Alpha decay
238 4 234
92
U →
2
He + 90
Th

92 P 90 P
→
146 N 144 N

*The alpha decay will always decrease the number of protons and neutrons by 2

Positron Production
22 0 22
11
Na →
1
e + 10
Ne

11 P 10 P
→
11 N 12 N
*The Positron Production it decrease the number of proton but increases the
number of neutrons .In short these process turns proton to a neutron not neutron
to proton
Gamma decay
22 0 22
11
Na →
0
y + 11
Na

*The Gamma decay doesn’t change the mass and atomic number so it’s not
gonna convert a neutron to a proton .It only reduces the energy of the nucleus.

Beta decay
131 0 131
53
I →
−1
e + 54
Xe

78 P 77 P
→
53 N 54 N
*The Beta decay decrease the number of neutron but increases the number of
protons.In short these process turns neutron to proton so Beta decay is the
answer

6. Identify the unknown element.

238 1 4 0
92
U+ n →
0
3 2
He + 2 −1
e+x

238 + 1 → 3(4) + 2(0) + x

239 = 12 + x
239 – 12 = x
x = 227 - mass number

92+ 0 = 3 (2) + 2(-1) + y

92 = 6 – 2 + y
92 = 4 + y
92 – 4 = Y
 Y = 88 atomic number

227
UNKNOWN ELEMENT = 88
Ra

* to find the unknown element first focus on the balancing the mass
number first. After that balance the atomic number when you already
find the atomic number you can already define the unknown element.

7. Which of the following elements will most likely undergo radioactive decay?
Carbon – 12
12
C → 6 proton, 6 neutons
6
6
6
N/P ratio = 1

Nitrogen – 14
14
N → 7 proton, 7 neutons
7
7
7
N/P ratio = 1

Carbon – 14
14
6
C → 6 proton, 8 neutons
8
6
N/P ratio = 1.33

Oxygen – 16
16
8
O → 8 proton, 8 neutons
8
8
N/P ratio = 1

Neon – 20
20
10
Ne → 10 proton, 10 neutons
 10
10
N/P ratio = 1
*Because Carbon – 14 has the highest N/P ratio it will most likely undergo radio
active decay
8. Which for of radioactive decay will carbon-14 use to increase its nuclear
stability
N/P ratio = 1.33 → 1.00

Alpha Decay
14 4 10
6
c →
2
He + 4
Be

4P 6
6N
=
4
= 1.5

Positron Production
14 0 14
6
c →
1
e + 5
B

5P 9
9N
=
5
= 1.8

Gamma Decay
14 0 14
6
c →
0
y + 6
B

6P 8
8N
=
6
= 1.33

Beta Decay
14 0 14
6
c →
−1
e + 7
N

7P 7
7N
=
57
= 1
* to increase it’s Nuclear stability we need to find the form of decay that’s gonna
decrease the neutron number and increase the proton to make the N/P ratio
from 1.33 to 1
9. Which of the following elements will not undergo radioactive decay?

Lead – 206 - 82 Atomic number

Radium – 226 - 88 Atomic number
Thorium – 234 - 90 Atomic number
Uranium – 238 - 92 Atomic number
Radon – 222 - 86 Atomic number

*heavy elements with the atomic number of 84 or more are not stable they will
undergo some form of radioactive decay

10. What is the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.Give
examples.

Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission are two different types of energy-releasing
reactions in which energy is released from high-powered atomic bonds between
the particles within the nucleus.
The main difference between these two processes is that fission is the splitting of
an atom into two or more smaller ones while fusion is the fusing of two or more
smaller atoms into a larger one.
 Nuclear Fission
 Fission reaction does not normally occur in nature
 Fission produces many highly radioactive particles
 The energy released by fission is a million times greater than that released in chemical
reactions; but lower than the energy released by nuclear fusion
 One class of nuclear weapon is a fission bomb, also known as an atomic bomb or atom
bomb
 Fission is the splitting of a large atom into two or more smaller ones
 Critical mass of the substance and high-speed neutrons are required
 Takes little energy to split two atoms in a fission reaction
 Nuclear fission is the splitting of a massive nucleus into photons in the form of gamma
rays, free neutrons, and other subatomic particles. In a typical nuclear reaction
involving 235U and a neutron:
23592U + n = 23692U followed by 23692U = 14456Ba + 89 36Kr + 3n + 177 MeV
 Nuclear Fusion
 Fusion occurs in stars, such as the sun
 Few radioactive particles are produced by fusion reaction, but if a fission “trigger” is
used, radioactive particles will result from that
 The energy released by fusion is three to four times greater than the energy released
by fission
 One class of nuclear weapon is the hydrogen bomb, which uses a fission reaction to
“trigger” a fusion reaction
 Fusion is the fusing of two or more lighter atoms into a larger one
 High density, high temperature environment is required
 Extremely high energy is required to bring two or more protons close enough that
nuclear forces overcome their electrostatic repulsion
 Nuclear fusion is the reaction in which two or more nuclei combine together to form a
new element with higher atomic number (more protons in the nucleus). The energy
released in fusion is related to E = mc^2 (Einstein’s famous energy-mass equation). On
earth, the most likely fusion reaction is Deuterium–Tritium reaction. Deuterium and
Tritium are both isotopes of hydrogen. 2 1Deuterium + 3 1Tritium = 42He + 10n + 17.6
MeV
 Fusion of deuterium with tritium creating helium-4, freeing a neutron, and releasing
17.59 MeV of energy
11. The half life of oxygen -15 is 2 mins .if there are 320g of Oxygen 15 in a sample
how many grams of oxygen remains after 10 mins ?

*In 10 minutes /2 mins there were 5 half life of Oxygen – 15 will occur so lets
divide 320 into half in 5 times

320 160 80 40 20
→ → → → =10 grams∈10 mins
2 2 2 2 2
OBJECTIVE
1. Aim to solve Nuclear Chemistry Problem’s
2. Aim to solve Radioactive Decay problem’s
GOALS
1. To gain a better understanding of nuclear energy and nuclear power, as well as to
determine whether both bombs are dangerous.
2. To better understand and know the different types of radioactive decay and how
balancing nuclear equations works, as well as how nuclear fission works and those
challeges.

REFERENCE

https://research.binus.ac.id/rigpcs/2013/12/06/fission-vs-fusion/#:~:text=The%20main
%20difference%20between%20these,atoms%20into%20a%20larger%20one.

https://youtu.be/F3NSfTXTl7E