karena berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden 228/1967 tanggal 2 Desember1967, Arsip
Nasional ditetapkan sebagai Lembaga Pemerintah
The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing, for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. In the 1990s, however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. In 1992, a year that Elizabeth referred to as the royal family’s annus horribilis, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, princess of Wales, separated, as did Prince Andrew and his wife, Sarah, duchess of York. Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal residence of Windsor Castle. In addition, as the country struggled with a recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth, although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. The separation and later divorce (1996) of Charles and the immensely popular Diana further eroded support for the royal family, which was viewed by some as antiquated and unfeeling. The criticism intensified following Diana’s death in 1997, especially after Elizabeth initially refused to allow the national flag to fly at half-staff over Buckingham Palace. In line with her earlier attempts at modernizing the monarchy, the queen subsequently sought to present a less-stuffy and less- traditional image of the monarchy. These attempts were met with mixed success. In 1973 Suharto’s authoritarian regime implemented political reforms to limit the power of opposition groups and the number of recognized political entities to three: Golkar, a pro-government group that controlled state institutions; and two opposition parties, the Indonesian Democratic Party (later the PDI-P) and the United Development Party. The Indonesian Democratic Party was created from three nationalist groups and two Christian-based parties: the Indonesian Nationalist Party, the Movement for the Defense of Indonesian Independence, the People’s Party, the Catholic Party, and the Christian Party. During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945. whose cancer cells were taken, without her knowledge, for medical testing — and without whom we wouldn’t have many of the critical cures we depend upon today. dan Prancis mendirikan Republik Batavia (1795–1806) dan Kerajaan Hollandia (1806– 1810) yang berstatus sebagai negara bawahan Prancis. Dengan demikian, secara tidak langsung Prancis adalah penguasa tertinggi Hindia Belanda. Pada 1810 Kerajaan Hollandia dileburkan dalam Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis, sehingga wilayah Hindia Belanda menjadi jajahan Prancis secara langsung. Meskipun demikian pemerintahan dan pertahanan tetap dipegang oleh warga Belanda (termasuk Herman Willem Daendels yang Perubahan itu ditetapkan melalui Surat Keputusan Menteri nomor 130433/5, tanggal 24 Desember 1957. Keterangan dari arsip tersebut diperlukan untuk membebaskan diri dari tawanan Jepang, jika mereka dapat menunjukkan bukti turunan orang Indonesia meski bukan dari hasil pernikahan. The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing, for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. In the 1990s, however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. In 1992, a year that Elizabeth referred to as the royal family’s annus horribilis, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, princess of Wales, separated, as did Prince Andrew and his wife, Sarah, duchess of York. Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal residence of Windsor Castle. In addition, as the country struggled with a recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth, although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. The separation and later divorce (1996) of Charles and the immensely popular Diana further eroded support for the royal family, which was viewed by some as antiquated and unfeeling. The criticism intensified following Diana’s death in 1997, especially after Elizabeth initially refused to allow the national flag to fly at half-staff over Buckingham Palace. In line with her earlier attempts at modernizing the monarchy, the queen subsequently sought to present a less-stuffy and less- traditional image of the monarchy. These attempts were met with mixed success. DR. Noerhadi Magetsari, yang menggantikan Dra. Soemartini sebagai kepala Arsip Nasional tahun 1991 hingga tahun 1998. University of Sebelas Maret, which was created in 1976 by consolidating five existing institutions. The city also has several museums, an archive, and a number of libraries, some with various text and multimedia collections available in digital format. In the 1980s and early ’90s the Indonesian Democratic Party rapidly expanded its vote share by appealing to voters frustrated by apparent inequalities in Indonesia’s social and economic structure. Because the party blamed the country’s social ills on the governing regime, Suharto attempted to undermine it. When the party selected Megawati as its leader, the government engineered her removal with the aid of a faction opposed to her. Her dismissal precipitated mass protests and violence in Jakarta, and Megawati and her supporters eventually established a new political party, the PDI-P, to challenge the government. peninggalan-peninggalan orang Belanda. Pada tahun 1940-1942 pemerintah Hindia Belanda menerbitkan Arschief Ordonantie yang bertujuan menjamin keselamatan arsip- arsip pemerintah Hindia Belanda, Beliau adalah salah satu tokoh dalam perjuangan militer Indonesia, dan telah menjadi tentara pada 3 zaman, yaitu zaman Belanda, zaman Jepang, dan zaman kemerdekaan. erdasarkan SK menteri PP dan K nomor69626/a/s nama Arsip Negara berganti menjadi Arsip Nasional. Perubahan ini berlaku surut semenjak 1 Januari 1959. In June 2022 Britain celebrated Elizabeth’s 70 years on the throne with the “Platinum Jubilee,” a four-day national holiday that included the Trooping the Colour ceremony, a thanksgiving service at St. Paul’s Cathedral, a pop music concert at Buckingham Palace, and a pageant that employed street arts, theatre, music, circus, carnival, and costume to honour the queen’s reign. Health issues limited Elizabeth’s involvement. Concerns about the queen’s health also led to a break in tradition when, in September, she appointed Boris Johnson’s replacement as prime minister, Liz Truss, at Balmoral rather than at Buckingham Palace, where she had formally appointed more than a dozen prime ministers. His success at the polls was viewed by many analysts as marking the beginning of a new, more democratic era of Indonesian politics. serta hak-hak dan kewajiban keuangan dan lain-lain. Tugas dan Fungsi Arsip Nasional mengalami perluasan, sejak keluarnya Peraturan Presiden nomor adanya Deputi Pembinaan dan Deputi Konservasi, Pembentukan Unit Pelaksana Teknis dan penggunaan istilah untuk Perwakilan Arsip account of incredible devotion and sharp commentary on the pain of separation among immigrant families. Masa pendudukan Jepang merupakan masa yang sepi dalam dunia kearsipan, karena pada masa itu hampir tidak mewariskan peninggalan arsip This “biography of the world’s most famous equation” is a one-of-a-kind take on the genre: rather than being the story of Einstein, it really does follow the history of the equation itself. Nama "Inggris" (England) berasal dari kata Englaland dalam bahasa Inggris kuno, yang berarti "tanah Angles".[15] Angles ini adalah salah satu dari suku-suku Jermanik yang menetap di Britania Raya selama Abad Pertengahan Awal. Suku Angles ini berasal dari semenanjung Angeln di Teluk Kiel, wilayah Laut Baltik.[16] Menurut Oxford English Dictionary, penggunaan pertama yang diketahui dari kata "England" untuk merujuk pada bagian selatan dari Pulau Britania Raya terjadi pada tahun 897, dan ejaan modern untuk kata ini pertama kali digunakan pada tahun 1538.[17] Indonesia’s first president—was instrumental in Suharto’s fall from power in 1998. Moekhlis Paeni (mantan Deputi Konservasi ANRI dan mantan Kepala ANRI Wilayah Ujung Pandang).Menurutnya, sejarah merupakan catatan dari apa yang telah dipikirkan, diperbuat, dan dikatakan manusia. Jokowi applied himself at school and won admittance to Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta, from which he graduated (1985) with a degree in forestry engineering. For several years he worked for a state-owned pulp mill in the Aceh region of After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan, political party in Indonesia formed in 1973 through the forced merger of five non-Islamic political parties. In the final three decades of the 20th century, it was one of two opposition parties officially recognized by the government. Although it often was supportive of the policies of President Suharto, its antigovernment faction—led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of Sukarno, terdapat beberapa kesultanan yang juga berdiri di Jawa, yaitu Giri, Banten, Indonesia’s first president—was instrumental in Suharto’s fall from power in 1998. What if you had twenty-four different people living inside you, and you never knew which one was going to come out? Such was the life of Billy Milligan, the subject of this haunting biography by the author of Flowers for Algernon. Keyes recounts, in a refreshingly straightforward style, the events of Billy’s life and how his psyche came to be “split”... as well as how, with Keyes’ help, he attempted to put the fragments of himself back together. Pada masa kepemimpinan Drs. R. Mohammad Ali diupayakan berbagai usaha untuk meningkatkan peran dan status lembaga Arsip Negara. 800 pages details every knowable moment of the youngest Founding Father’s life: konsepsi asli tentang statusnya sebagai Arsip Negeri RIS. Hal tersebut dimaksudkan agar arsip-arsip pemerintah pusat dapat disalurkan ke Arsip Negeri RIS. Here’s another bio that will reshape your views of a famed historical tyrant, though this time in a surprisingly favorable light. Decorated scholar Andrew Roberts delves into the life of Napoleon Bonaparte, from his near-flawless military instincts to his complex and confusing relationship with his wife. But Roberts’ attitude toward his subject is what really makes this work shine: rather than ridiculing him (as it would undoubtedly be easy to do), he approaches the “petty tyrant” with a healthy amount of deference. sejarah merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari apa yang telah diperbuat atau dilakukan oleh manusia. was reelected mayor with more than 90 percent of the vote. He was later ranked as the third best mayor in the world by the international City Mayors Foundation. During his gubernatorial run in Jakarta in 2012, Jokowi began to be widely compared in the media to U.S. President This “biography of the world’s most famous equation” is a one-of-a-kind take on the genre: rather than being the story of Einstein, it really does follow the history of the equation itself. Elizabeth was known to favour simplicity in court life and was also known to take a serious and informed interest in government business, aside from the traditional and ceremonial duties. Privately, she became a keen horsewoman; she kept racehorses, frequently attended races, and periodically visited the Kentucky stud farms in the United States. Her financial and property holdings made her one of the world’s richest women. penyelenggaraan segala urusan Arsip Nasional dipindahkan ke Kementerian Pertama RI, termasuk wewenang, tugas dan kewajiban, perlengkapan materiil dan personalia, The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing, for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. In the 1990s, however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. In 1992, a year that Elizabeth referred to as the royal family’s annus horribilis, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, princess of Wales, separated, as did Prince Andrew and his wife, Sarah, duchess of York. Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal residence of Windsor Castle. In addition, as the country struggled with a recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth, although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. The separation and later divorce (1996) of Charles and the immensely popular Diana further eroded support for the royal family, which was viewed by some as antiquated and unfeeling. The criticism intensified following Diana’s death in 1997, especially after Elizabeth initially refused to allow the national flag to fly at half-staff over Buckingham Palace. In line with her earlier attempts at modernizing the monarchy, the queen subsequently sought to present a less-stuffy and less- traditional image of the monarchy. These attempts were met with mixed success. ada masa pergerakan nasionalisme kebangsaan di Indonesia, terutama pada tahun 1926- 1929, Pemerintah Hindia Belanda berusaha menangkis dan menolak tuntutan Indonesia Merdeka. Negeri diambil alih kembali oleh pemerintah Belanda. Nama Lembaga Arsip Negeri berganti lagi menjadi Landsarchief kembali. Sebagai pimpinan Landsarchief adalah Prof.W. Ph. Coolhaas yang menjabat hingga berdirinya Republik Indonesia Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth’s blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. The adulation bestowed upon her both in her lifetime and in the ensuing centuries was not altogether a spontaneous effusion. It was the result of a carefully crafted, brilliantly executed campaign in which the queen fashioned herself as the glittering symbol of the nation’s destiny. This political symbolism, common to monarchies, had more substance than usual, for the queen was by no means a mere figurehead. While she did not wield the absolute power of which Renaissance rulers dreamed, she tenaciously upheld her authority to make critical decisions and to set the central policies of both state and church. The latter half of the 16th century in England is justly called the Elizabethan Age: rarely has the collective life of a whole era been given so distinctively personal a stamp. Masa pendudukan Jepang merupakan masa yang sepi dalam dunia kearsipan, karena pada masa itu hampir tidak mewariskan peninggalan arsip Nama alternatif untuk Inggris adalah Albion. Kata ini awalnya digunakan untuk merujuk ke seluruh Pulau Britania Raya. Catatan paling awal dari nama ini muncul dalam karya Aristoteles, Corpus Aristotelicum pada abad ke-4 SM.[22] Disebutkan bahwa: "Di luar pilar-pilar Herkules terdapat lautan yang mengalir di sepanjang bumi dan di dalamnya ada dua pulau sangat besar yang disebut Britannia; yang terdiri dari Albion dan Ierne".[22] Kata Albion (Ἀλβίων) atau Pulau Albionum kemungkinan memiliki dua asal-usul; dari kata Latin albus, yang berarti putih, untuk merujuk ke tebing putih Dover, pada tahun 1811, sejak ditandatanganinya Kapitulasi Tuntang yang salah satunya berisi penyerahan Pulau Jawa dari Belanda kepada Britania, Pada tahun 1814 dilakukanlah Konvensi London yang isinya pemerintah Belanda berkuasa kembali atas wilayah jajahan Britania di Indonesia. Lalu baru pada tahun 1816, Indonesia terdiri dari berbagai suku bangsa, bahasa, dan agama. Berdasarkan rumpun bangsa, Indonesia terdiri atas bangsa asli pribumi yakni Austronesia dan Melanesia di mana bangsa Austronesia yang terbesar jumlahnya dan lebih banyak mendiami Indonesia bagian barat. Dengan suku Jawa dan Sunda membentuk kelompok suku bangsa terbesar dengan persentase mencapai 57% dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia.[21] Semboyan nasional Indonesia, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap satu), bermakna keberagaman sosial-budaya yang membentuk satu kesatuan negara. Just days later, on September 8, Elizabeth’s death, at age 96, shocked Britain and the world. Prince Charles succeeded her on the throne as King Charles III. Ten days of national commemoration of her life and legacy—long planned as “Operation London Bridge”—followed. Notably, the queen lay in state for a day in St. Giles’ Cathedral in Edinburgh and then for three days in Westminster Hall in London, outside of which mourners stood in a line that stretched for miles, in some cases waiting for more than 24 hours to view Elizabeth’s casket. Her sombre funeral ceremony in Westminster Abbey on September 19 was attended by an estimated 100 heads of foreign governments. Following a procession to Wellington Arch, during which Big Ben tolled, the queen’s casket was borne by hearse to her final resting place in St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle. Perhaps the most impressive biographical feat of the twenty-first century, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is about a woman whose cells Elizabeth’s early years were not auspicious. She was born at Greenwich Palace, the daughter of the Tudor king Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Henry had defied the pope and broken England from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church in order to dissolve his marriage with his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, who had borne him a daughter, Mary. Since the king ardently hoped that Anne Boleyn would give birth to a male heir, regarded as key to stable dynastic succession, the birth of a second daughter was a bitter disappointment that dangerously weakened the new queen’s position. Before Elizabeth reached her third birthday, her father had her mother beheaded on charges of adultery and treason. Moreover, at Henry’s instigation, an act of Parliament declared his marriage with Anne Boleyn invalid from the beginning, thus making their daughter Elizabeth illegitimate, as Roman Catholics had all along claimed her to be. (Apparently, the king was undeterred by the logical inconsistency of simultaneously invalidating the marriage and accusing his wife of adultery.) The emotional impact of these events on the little girl, who had been brought up from infancy in a separate household at Hatfield, is not known; presumably, no one thought it worth recording. What was noted was her precocious seriousness; at six years old, it was admiringly observed, she had as much gravity as if she had been 40.