Fosil-fosil manusia purba seperti Homo erectus, yang oleh antropolog juga dijuluki

"Manusia Jawa", menimbulkan dugaan bahwa kepulauan Indonesia telah mulai

berpenghuni pada antara dua juta sampai 500.000 tahun yang lalu.
lbert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six
weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at
the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his
education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal
Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics.
In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he
was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant
in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor’s degree.
nomor 92 tahun 1993 tentang Kedudukan, Tugas, Fungsi, Susunan Organisasi dan Tata
Kerja Arsip Nasional RI. Berdasarkan Keppres
At the risk of sounding cliché, the best biographies do exactly this: bring their
subjects to life. A great biography isn’t just a laundry list of events that
happened to someone. Rather,
whose cancer cells were taken, without her knowledge, for medical testing — and
without whom we wouldn’t have many of the critical cures we depend upon today.
Because of the political situation worsened after the outbreak of G-30-S/PKI, MPRS
Special Assembly, March 1967, appointed Soeharto as the President, inaugurated as
the second President of the Republic of Indonesia, March 1968. President Suharto
ruled for more than three decades through the election six times, until he
resigned, May 21, 1998.
sejarah merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari apa yang telah diperbuat atau dilakukan
oleh manusia.
In 1973 Suharto’s authoritarian regime implemented political reforms to limit the
power of opposition groups and the number of recognized political entities to
three: Golkar, a pro-government group that controlled state institutions; and two
opposition parties, the Indonesian Democratic Party (later the PDI-P) and the
United Development Party. The Indonesian Democratic Party was created from three
nationalist groups and two Christian-based parties: the Indonesian Nationalist
Party, the Movement for the Defense of Indonesian Independence, the People’s Party,
the Catholic Party, and the Christian Party.
In 1949, he successfully led his forces recaptured the city of Yogyakarta from
Dutch hands at that time. He was also as a guard of Commander Sudirman. In
addition, he also once became the Commander of the Mandala (liberation of West
Irian).
it should weave a narrative and tell a story in almost the same way a novel does.
In this way, biography differs from the rest of nonfiction.
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he
became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics
at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and
Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
Nama alternatif untuk Inggris adalah Albion. Kata ini awalnya digunakan untuk
merujuk ke seluruh Pulau Britania Raya. Catatan paling awal dari nama ini muncul
dalam karya Aristoteles, Corpus Aristotelicum pada abad ke-4 SM.[22] Disebutkan
bahwa: "Di luar pilar-pilar Herkules terdapat lautan yang mengalir di sepanjang
bumi dan di dalamnya ada dua pulau sangat besar yang disebut Britannia; yang
terdiri dari Albion dan Ierne".[22] Kata Albion (Ἀλβίων) atau Pulau Albionum
kemungkinan memiliki dua asal-usul; dari kata Latin albus, yang berarti putih,
untuk merujuk ke tebing putih Dover,
Fosil-fosil manusia purba seperti Homo erectus, yang oleh antropolog juga dijuluki
"Manusia Jawa", menimbulkan dugaan bahwa kepulauan Indonesia telah mulai
berpenghuni pada antara dua juta sampai 500.000 tahun yang lalu.
Perubahan itu ditetapkan melalui Surat Keputusan Menteri nomor 130433/5, tanggal 24
Desember 1957.
Nusantara telah mempunyai warisan peradaban berusia ratusan tahun dengan dua
imperium besar, yaitu Sriwijaya di Sumatra pada abad ke-7 hingga ke-14
di bawah Presidium Kabinet. Dengan status baru tersebut, maka pada tahun 1968 Arsip
Nasional berusaha menyusun pengajuan sebagai berikut:
At the risk of sounding cliché, the best biographies do exactly this: bring their
subjects to life. A great biography isn’t just a laundry list of events that
happened to someone. Rather,
The queen seemed increasingly aware of the modern role of the monarchy, allowing,
for example, the televising of the royal family’s domestic life in 1970 and
condoning the formal dissolution of her sister’s marriage in 1978. In the 1990s,
however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. In 1992, a year that
Elizabeth referred to as the royal family’s annus horribilis, Prince Charles and
his wife, Diana, princess of Wales, separated, as did Prince Andrew and his wife,
Sarah, duchess of York. Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal
residence of Windsor Castle. In addition, as the country struggled with a
recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth,
although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. The
separation and later divorce (1996) of Charles and the immensely popular Diana
further eroded support for the royal family, which was viewed by some as antiquated
and unfeeling. The criticism intensified following Diana’s death in 1997,
especially after Elizabeth initially refused to allow the national flag to fly at
half-staff over Buckingham Palace. In line with her earlier attempts at modernizing
the monarchy, the queen subsequently sought to present a less-stuffy and less-
traditional image of the monarchy. These attempts were met with mixed success.
berdasarkan luas wilayah.[catatan 3] Penduduk Inggris berjumlah sekitar 53 juta
jiwa, atau sekitar 84% dari total populasi Britania Raya, sebagian besarnya
terkonsentrasi di London, Inggris Tenggara, dan kawasan-kawasan konurbasi di
Midlands, Barat Laut, Timur Laut dan Yorkshire, masing-masing wilayah ini
dikembangkan sebagai daerah industri utama selama abad ke-19. Sedangkan kawasan
padang rumput terdapat di luar wilayah kota-kota besar.ada masa pergerakan
nasionalisme kebangsaan di Indonesia, terutama pada tahun 1926-1929, Pemerintah
Hindia Belanda berusaha menangkis dan menolak tuntutan Indonesia Merdeka.
Ibu kota Indonesia saat ini adalah Jakarta. Pada tanggal 18 Januari 2022,
pemerintah Indonesia menetapkan Ibu Kota Nusantara yang berada di Pulau Kalimantan,
yang menempati wilayah Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, untuk menggantikan Jakarta
sebagai ibu kota yang baru.[20] Hingga tahun 2022, proses peralihan ibu kota masih
berlangsung.
What if you had twenty-four different people living inside you, and you never knew
which one was going to come out? Such was the life of Billy Milligan, the subject
of this haunting biography by the author of Flowers for Algernon. Keyes recounts,
in a refreshingly straightforward style, the events of Billy’s life and how his
psyche came to be “split”... as well as how, with Keyes’ help, he attempted to put
the fragments of himself back together.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian
presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more
than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.
Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally
challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously
rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October
In 2002 Elizabeth celebrated her 50th year on the throne. As part of her “Golden
Jubilee,” events were held throughout the Commonwealth, including several days of
festivities in London. The celebrations were somewhat diminished by the deaths of
Elizabeth’s mother and sister early in the year. Beginning in the latter part of
the first decade of the 21st century, the public standing of the royal family
rebounded, and even Charles’s 2005 marriage to Camilla Parker Bowles found much
support among the British people. In April 2011 Elizabeth led the family in
celebrating the wedding of Prince William of Wales—the elder son of Charles and
Diana—and Catherine Middleton. The following month she surpassed George III to
become the second longest-reigning monarch in British history, behind Victoria.
Also in May, Elizabeth made a historic trip to Ireland, becoming both the first
British monarch to visit the Irish republic and the first to set foot in Ireland
since 1911. In 2012 Elizabeth celebrated her “Diamond Jubilee,” marking 60 years on
the throne. On September 9, 2015, she surpassed Victoria’s record reign of 63 years
and 216 days.
blitz and separated from their parents, living mostly at Balmoral Castle in
Scotland and at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, and Windsor Castle.
Surakarta, Dutch Soerakarta, also called Solo, kota (city), eastern Central Java
(Jawa Tengah) propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia. It lies along the Solo
River about 35 miles (55 km) northeast of Yogyakarta. Once the capital of Surakarta
principality under the Dutch, it was occupied by Japan (1942–45) during World War
II and was later incorporated into the Indonesian republic.
adanya Deputi Pembinaan dan Deputi Konservasi, Pembentukan Unit Pelaksana Teknis
dan penggunaan istilah untuk Perwakilan Arsip
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he
became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics
at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and
Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
When in 1537 Henry’s third wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to a son, Edward,
Elizabeth receded still further into relative obscurity, but she was not neglected.
Despite his capacity for monstrous cruelty, Henry VIII treated all his children
with what contemporaries regarded as affection; Elizabeth was present at ceremonial
occasions and was declared third in line to the throne. She spent much of the time
with her half brother Edward and, from her 10th year onward, profited from the
loving attention of her stepmother, Catherine Parr, the king’s sixth and last wife.
Under a series of distinguished tutors, of whom the best known is the Cambridge
humanist Roger Ascham, Elizabeth received the rigorous education normally reserved
for male heirs, consisting of a course of studies centring on classical languages,
history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy. “Her mind has no womanly weakness,” Ascham
wrote with the unselfconscious sexism of the age, “her perseverance is equal to
that of a man, and her memory long keeps what it quickly picks up.” In addition to
Greek and Latin, she became fluent in French and Italian, attainments of which she
was proud and which were in later years to serve her well in the conduct of
diplomacy. Thus steeped in the secular learning of the Renaissance, the quick-
witted and intellectually serious princess also studied theology, imbibing the
tenets of English Protestantism in its formative period. Her association with the
Reformation is critically important, for it shaped the future course of the nation,
but it does not appear to have been a personal passion: observers noted the young
princess’s fascination more with languages than with religious dogma.
northern Sumatra, and he later established his own furniture factory in Surakarta.
By 2002 he had become a highly successful furniture exporter, with showrooms on
several continents, as well as chairman of a local branch of the country’s
influential furniture manufacturers’ association.
Moekhlis Paeni (mantan Deputi Konservasi ANRI dan mantan Kepala ANRI Wilayah Ujung
Pandang).Menurutnya, sejarah merupakan catatan dari apa yang telah dipikirkan,
diperbuat, dan dikatakan manusia.
account of incredible devotion and sharp commentary on the pain of separation among
immigrant families.
Surakarta, Dutch Soerakarta, also called Solo, kota (city), eastern Central Java
(Jawa Tengah) propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia. It lies along the Solo
River about 35 miles (55 km) northeast of Yogyakarta. Once the capital of Surakarta
principality under the Dutch, it was occupied by Japan (1942–45) during World War
II and was later incorporated into the Indonesian republic.
Masa pendudukan Jepang merupakan masa yang sepi dalam dunia kearsipan, karena pada
masa itu hampir tidak mewariskan peninggalan arsip
The marriage of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto and Siti Hartinah held on December 26,
1947 in Solo. Suharto was 26 years old at that time and Hartinah 24 years old. They
had six sons and daughters, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang
Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang
Adiningsih.
On the accession of Queen Elizabeth, her son Prince Charles became heir apparent;
he was named prince of Wales on July 26, 1958, and was so invested on July 1, 1969.
The queen’s other children were Princess Anne (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise), born
August 15, 1950, and created princess royal in 1987; Prince Andrew (Andrew Albert
Christian Edward), born February 19, 1960, and created duke of York in 1986; and
Prince Edward (Edward Anthony Richard Louis), born March 10, 1964, and created earl
of Wessex and Viscount Severn in 1999. All these children have the surname “of
Windsor,” but in 1960 Elizabeth decided to create the hyphenated name Mountbatten-
Windsor for other descendants not styled prince or princess and royal highness.
Elizabeth’s first grandchild (Princess Anne’s son) was born on November 15, 1977.
Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month
round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to
Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In 1957, after state
visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United
States. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in
50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South
America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). During her “Silver
Jubilee” in 1977, she presided at a London banquet attended by the leaders of the
36 members of the Commonwealth,
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian
presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more
than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto.
Though Subianto alleged that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally
challenged the election result, the country’s Constitutional Court unanimously
rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October
dan organisasi kearsipan pada masa pemerintah Kolonial Belanda (landarchief) dan
produk-produk kearsipannya. Setelah kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, lembaga
kearsipan (landarchief) diambil oleh pemerintah RI
In 1949, he successfully led his forces recaptured the city of Yogyakarta from
Dutch hands at that time. He was also as a guard of Commander Sudirman. In
addition, he also once became the Commander of the Mandala (liberation of West
Irian).
Lembaga kearsipan di Indonesia, seperti yang kita kenal sekarang ini, secara de
facto sudah ada sejak 28 Januari 1892,ketika Pemerintah Hindia Belanda mendirikan
Landarchief.
In 2005 Jokowi, as a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (Partai
Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan; PDI-P), won election as mayor of Surakarta—the
first person to be directly elected to that post. He was extraordinarily effective
in reducing crime and attracting foreign tourists to the city. His habit of making
spontaneous visits to poor neighbourhoods and his refusal to accept a salary for
his public service contributed to his reputation for humility and honesty. In 2010
Jokowi
Nusantara telah mempunyai warisan peradaban berusia ratusan tahun dengan dua
imperium besar, yaitu Sriwijaya di Sumatra pada abad ke-7 hingga ke-14
Albert Einstein, (born March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany—died April 18,
1955, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.), German-born physicist who developed the special
and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for
his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Einstein is generally considered the
most influential physicist of the 20th century.
dan organisasi kearsipan pada masa pemerintah Kolonial Belanda (landarchief) dan
produk-produk kearsipannya. Setelah kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, lembaga
kearsipan (landarchief) diambil oleh pemerintah RI
Setelah Majapahit mengalami kejatuhan, kesultanan-kesultanan bercorak Islam berdiri
dan berkembang pesat di Nusantara, terutama di Jawa. Kesultanan pertama di Pulau
Jawa yang telah diakui secara luas adalah Demak dan Cirebon yang berdiri pada abad
ke-15.[55][56] Namun beberapa waktu ini, beberapa pakar menemukan sejumlah bukti
tentang kesultanan Islam yang lebih tua, yaitu Lumajang, yang diperkirakan berdiri
pada akhir abad ke-13.[57] Setelah itu,
Indonesia’s first president—was instrumental in Suharto’s fall from power in 1998.
kamp tawanan Jepang. Meskipun demikian, pada masa tersebut posisi Landarchief
sangat penting bagi orang-orang Belanda yang ingin mendapatkan keterangan asal-usul
keturunannya.
The city has broad tree-lined streets and numerous historic buildings, including
most notably a palace (1745; of the susuhunan, one of the traditional princes of
central Java), a prince’s court (1788; that of the mangkunegaran, another
traditional ruler), and a Dutch fort (1779; now a garrison headquarters). Renowned
as an educational and cultural centre, Surakarta contains the
Nama alternatif untuk Inggris adalah Albion. Kata ini awalnya digunakan untuk
merujuk ke seluruh Pulau Britania Raya. Catatan paling awal dari nama ini muncul
dalam karya Aristoteles, Corpus Aristotelicum pada abad ke-4 SM.[22] Disebutkan
bahwa: "Di luar pilar-pilar Herkules terdapat lautan yang mengalir di sepanjang
bumi dan di dalamnya ada dua pulau sangat besar yang disebut Britannia; yang
terdiri dari Albion dan Ierne".[22] Kata Albion (Ἀλβίων) atau Pulau Albionum
kemungkinan memiliki dua asal-usul; dari kata Latin albus, yang berarti putih,
untuk merujuk ke tebing putih Dover,
In August 2017 Prince Philip officially retired from public life, though he
periodically appeared at official engagements after that. In the meantime,
Elizabeth began to reduce her own official engagements, passing some duties on to
Prince Charles and other senior members of the royal family, though the pool of
stand-ins shrank when Charles’s younger son, Prince Harry, duke of Sussex, and his
wife, Meghan, duchess of Sussex, controversially chose to give up their royal roles
in March 2020. During this period, public interest in the queen and the royal
family grew as a result of the widespread popularity of The Crown, a Netflix
television series about the Windsors that debuted in 2016. Having dealt with
several physical setbacks in recent years, Philip, who had been Elizabeth’s husband
for more than seven decades, died in April 2021. On their 50th wedding anniversary,
in 1997, Elizabeth had said of Philip, “He has, quite simply, been my strength and
stay all these years.” Because of social-distancing protocols brought about by the
COVID-19 pandemic, the queen sat alone in a choir stall in St. George’s Chapel (in
Windsor Castle) at Philip’s funeral. The widely disseminated images of her tragic
isolation were heartbreaking but emblematic of the dignity and courage that she
brought to her reign.
Perhaps the most impressive biographical feat of the twenty-first century, The
Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is about a woman whose cells
sejarah akan menitikberatkan pada pencatatan-pencatatan yang berarti dan penting
bagi manusia.
han kelembagaan Arsip Nasional tidak berhenti sampai disitu. Berdasarkan Keputusan
Presiden RI nomor 215 tanggal 16 Mei 1961,
Dalam rangka penolakan tersebut, Lansarchief mendapat tugas khusus, yaitu: ikut
serta secara aktif dalam pekerjaan ilmiah untuk penulisan sejarah Hindia Belanda,
This “biography of the world’s most famous equation” is a one-of-a-kind take on the
genre: rather than being the story of Einstein, it really does follow the history
of the equation itself.
Negara. Penetapan Arsip Nasional sebgai Lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen diperkuat
melalui Surat Pimpinan MPRS No. A.9/1/24/MPRS/1967 yang
Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan, political party in Indonesia formed in 1973 through
the forced merger of five non-Islamic political parties. In the final three decades
of the 20th century, it was one of two opposition parties officially recognized by
the government. Although it often was supportive of the policies of President
Suharto, its antigovernment faction—led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of
Sukarno,
traveled all over Britain and Northern Ireland, and toured overseas in the South
Pacific and Australia, in Canada, and in the Caribbean.
In 2005 Jokowi, as a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (Partai
Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan; PDI-P), won election as mayor of Surakarta—the
first person to be directly elected to that post. He was extraordinarily effective
in reducing crime and attracting foreign tourists to the city. His habit of making
spontaneous visits to poor neighbourhoods and his refusal to accept a salary for
his public service contributed to his reputation for humility and honesty. In 2010
Jokowi
peninggalan-peninggalan orang Belanda. Pada tahun 1940-1942 pemerintah Hindia
Belanda menerbitkan Arschief Ordonantie yang bertujuan menjamin keselamatan arsip-
arsip pemerintah Hindia Belanda,
di bawah Presidium Kabinet. Dengan status baru tersebut, maka pada tahun 1968 Arsip
Nasional berusaha menyusun pengajuan sebagai berikut:
Moekhlis Paeni (mantan Deputi Konservasi ANRI dan mantan Kepala ANRI Wilayah Ujung
Pandang).Menurutnya, sejarah merupakan catatan dari apa yang telah dipikirkan,
diperbuat, dan dikatakan manusia.
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he
became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics
at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and
Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of
his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he
became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics
at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In
1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and
Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and
remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political
reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical
Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from
his post in 1945.
What if you had twenty-four different people living inside you, and you never knew
which one was going to come out? Such was the life of Billy Milligan, the subject
of this haunting biography by the author of Flowers for Algernon. Keyes recounts,
in a refreshingly straightforward style, the events of Billy’s life and how his
psyche came to be “split”... as well as how, with Keyes’ help, he attempted to put
the fragments of himself back together.
Nusantara telah mempunyai warisan peradaban berusia ratusan tahun dengan dua
imperium besar, yaitu Sriwijaya di Sumatra pada abad ke-7 hingga ke-14
Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the
determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize
the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere
stepping-stones for the next advance.
In August 2017 Prince Philip officially retired from public life, though he
periodically appeared at official engagements after that. In the meantime,
Elizabeth began to reduce her own official engagements, passing some duties on to
Prince Charles and other senior members of the royal family, though the pool of
stand-ins shrank when Charles’s younger son, Prince Harry, duke of Sussex, and his
wife, Meghan, duchess of Sussex, controversially chose to give up their royal roles
in March 2020. During this period, public interest in the queen and the royal
family grew as a result of the widespread popularity of The Crown, a Netflix
television series about the Windsors that debuted in 2016. Having dealt with
several physical setbacks in recent years, Philip, who had been Elizabeth’s husband
for more than seven decades, died in April 2021. On their 50th wedding anniversary,
in 1997, Elizabeth had said of Philip, “He has, quite simply, been my strength and
stay all these years.” Because of social-distancing protocols brought about by the
COVID-19 pandemic, the queen sat alone in a choir stall in St. George’s Chapel (in
Windsor Castle) at Philip’s funeral. The widely disseminated images of her tragic
isolation were heartbreaking but emblematic of the dignity and courage that she
brought to her reign.
Keterangan dari arsip tersebut diperlukan untuk membebaskan diri dari tawanan
Jepang, jika mereka dapat menunjukkan bukti turunan orang Indonesia meski bukan
dari hasil pernikahan.