Final Report E-Commerce

Warung Bu Lastri

Written as part of the requirement to complete the Final Assignment of

E-Commerce

Written by:

Farrel Adhirajasa (1401203268)

Fauzan Nafisa Faryaputra (1401203568)

Valdy Dewangga (1401190536)

INTERNATIONAL ICT BUSINESS STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

TELKOM UNIVERSITY

BANDUNG

2023
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2

Business Background and BMC 3

Background 3
Business Model Canvas 4
Before Digitized 4
Business Model Canvas 5
After Digitized 5

Viability Testing and First Strategies 6

Google Trends Analysis 6
Buyer Characteristic 8
Buyer’s Decision Process 8

Social Media and Website Results 9

Instagram and Facebook Overview 9
Website Overview 17

Strategy Evaluation 20
Analysis and Discussions 20
Future Improvements 24
Business Background and BMC

Background
Warung Nasi Bu Lastri is a family business located very close to Telkom University in the foods and
beverages industry. Specifically, they operate as what is commonly referred to as “Warteg”. These
businesses operate by serving a variety of food items which are then displayed for would-be customers to
see from outside of the shop. Customers purchase these items to eat there right at their shop, or order the
food for takeaway. For “on-site” ordering, customers are allowed to take whatever portions they like, with
a fixed price for each food item regardless of quantity. For takeaway, portions are determined by the
seller.

One big competitive advantage for these types of businesses are the price, combined with the portion size.
Food items that are generally “uncountable”, such as vegetables, rice, sambel, and other smaller food
items, work this way. “Bigger” food items, which are considered “countable”, such as boiled eggs, or
chicken pieces, are usually priced by quantity as well. For people who are not exactly flush with money,
or for people looking for the most “bang for their buck”, this business model is very beneficial, as it
allows one to spend little, but get a lot. The middle-low class, such as students and some employees,
which fill the area around the campus, fit this description perfectly.

Other than price and quantity, Bu Lastri’s business also serves a specific taste, one that is unique to the
region of Kudus, a location in Central Java. Central Java in general is known for its sweeter taste
compared to other regions in Java, and this is certainly the case as well for Bu Lastri’s cooking. Compared
to the business’ competitors, Bu Lastri’s products tend to have a sweeter and somewhat spicy taste, while
still serving items that are common for the market segment which the business serves. Bu Lastri’s cooking
is able to differentiate itself from the rest of the competitors, while at the same time not alienating the
market with unfamiliar food items. With this and the general warteg business model, Bu Lastri is able to
carve a different place for itself within the warteg market around Telkom University.

The decision to digitize this business stems from the desire to expand the market reach, and capture as
many of those reached as possible, to increase the customer base for Bu Lastri’s business, but more
importantly, provide current and potential customers with much value. This is done through the
advertising of their products in various social media, the sale of their products through already established
e-commerce platforms, and also a more personalized ordering service done through WhatsApp. By going
digital, we hope that we can increase the amount of people who can know, and consequently purchase the
products, which in turn will increase the revenues of Bu Lastri’s business. Other than that, we also hope to
introduce a new business model by way of a personalized ordering method. With this, customers may be
able to set schedules or menus directly with the business, and the business itself could branch into new
models, such as a catering service, a fast-food like order-and-go model, and whatever the customers wish
to do, and whatever the business wants to serve.
Business Model Canvas
Warung Nasi Bu Lastri Group 5 02/01/2023 1

Before Digitized

Key Partners Key Activities Value Propositions Customer Relationships Customer Segments
- Warteg - Ordering through - Various payment methods - 7.30 am to 9 pm - MIddle to low class
- Raw Material Suppliers physical store - Doorstep delivery chat for personal - Students
- can only accept dine-in - Low price, high quantity ordering - Employees
- Customizable ordering - Scheduled interval - In Bandung
- “Khas Kudus”; unique discounts
flavor among competitors

Key Resources Channels

- Foods and drinks - WhatsApp
- Constant revenue stream

Cost Structure Revenue Streams

- Raw materials (most expensive since it is perishable) - Standard delivery purchase
- Fixed operational costs - Customized order purchase
- Consequent customer relations upkeep
- Cost-driven business: Low price as one of the biggest competitive advantages.
Reduction of overall costs needed to sustain
Business Model Canvas
After Digitized
Key Partners Key Activities
- Warteg - Online ordering through
- E-commerce platform e-commerce platforms
- Delivery service - Online personal
providers ordering through
WhatsApp with
customizable order
details (pickup options,
catering, etc.)
- Digital marketing in
various social media
platforms
Key Resources
- Foods and drinks
- Delivery service
providers
- E-commerce platform
- Constant revenue stream
Cost Structure
- Raw materials (most expensive since it is perishable)
- Fixed operational costs
- Customer relationship employee salary, and consequent customer relations
upkeep
- Cost-driven business: Low price as one of the biggest competitive advantages.
Reduction of overall costs needed to sustain
Warung Nasi Bu Lastri Group 5 04/10/2022 1
Value Propositions Customer Relationships Customer Segments
- Various payment - Complaint portal - MIddle to low class
methods - 7.30 am to 9 pm chat - Students
- Doorstep delivery for personal ordering - Employees
- Low price, high quantity - Digital marketing - People who can’t go out
- Customizable ordering through social media to eat
- “Khas Kudus”; unique - Scheduled interval - In Bandung
flavor among discounts
competitors
Channels
- Shopee
- Gojek
- Instagram
- WhatsApp
Revenue Streams
- Standard delivery purchase
- Customized order purchase
- Price markup for delivery service
Viability Testing and First Strategies

Google Trends Analysis

For this business, we have decided to use two keywords, instead of one: ‘Warteg’ and ‘Warung’.
Taking a look at their analytics, we can see that the term ‘Warung’ is much more popular than ‘Warteg’,
as is visible from the below graph.

With a score of 75, ‘Warung’ is a much more widely used term between the two. However, do note that
this score is based on time alone. If we look at the geographical data, we can see that this term’s ranking is
shot up because of its popularity in other parts of the country, specifically Bali, Yogyakarta and East Java,
with a score of 100, 47 and 36 respectively, while West Java sits at 33.
Meanwhile, the other term we used is ‘Warteg’. While its overall popularity based on time is lower, its
popularity in West Java is much higher, having a score of 55, while only being beaten by Jakarta and
Banten, with 100 and 85 respectively.

From these rankings, we concluded to use both of the terms for a few reasons. The first term is much
more commonly used, and while being popularized by other regions, still holds considerable interest for
the term in West Java. In fact, comparing both terms' usage in West Java specifically reveals that most of
the searches are ‘Warung’ instead of ‘Warteg’.
However, as is visible from the data before, ‘Warteg’ is popular specifically in West Java. So we will
attempt to take advantage of that fact. Both of these terms are also quite interchangeable, so we think
there won't be much misconception of the nature of the business, provided enough information is
available within the various social media platforms we will use.

Buyer Characteristic

Cultural: The norms and rules adopted by the customers are those exhibited by the local population
around the campus and those exhibited by the people in the campus itself. The members of the campus
will most likely be exposed to more ‘internet things’, and therefore be more accepting of unorthodox,
‘non-corporate’ marketing methods.

Social: Most will be of a middle to lower economic class, though outliers may exist. Student customers
will have a good chance of going there due to a preexisting group, so they follow wherever the group
goes,

Personal: Customers who go here prefer something that has a sweeter taste profile. Those from the
Central Java area might be interested in the ‘Khas Kudus’ tagline that the shop goes by. There is a good
chance that a lot of the customer base prefer economical value more than taste.

Psychological: Cheap prices might drive purchases, especially if a valuable proposition is clear and
obvious. Those who are more extraverted will be more inclined to eat on-site, while those who are
introverted will more likely takeaway.

Buyer’s Decision Process

- Problem recognition: Main recognition pattern is hunger, but that is fairly generic. Other than that, potential
customers would look for something cheaper, or something that has a high return for the amount of money
being spent, ie. big portions. Some might look for a slightly sweeter taste.

- Information search: Customers look through the various vendors while commuting to or from their place of
study/business. Word of mouth, or direct contact, will be the most likely medium for information. However,
a Google search is also not uncommon, as can be seen from the Google Trends analysis.

- Evaluation of alternatives: ‘Offline’ customers will look for similar businesses that offer similar niches:
cheap foods, big portions, local dishes. Main differentiator will be taste and value-per-rupiah, for a lack of a
better term. The business has an advantage in the taste department, while offering similar value-per-rupiah
offering. The business has an advantage when it comes to location compared to other businesses near them.
While somewhat hidden, their seating areas are one of the most spacious around, allowing customers more
comfort, and more opportunities to bring friends, relatives, or others. Online customers will be more
sensitive to price, and subsequently location, along with the previously mentioned factors. Promos and
discounts will also play a bigger role here than on-site.
 - Purchase decision: Based on all of the above, along with the business offerings, the main decision finalizers
will be taste and price, or more accurately, value. Customers will decide on buying the business’ products if
they have a personal preference to taste of the cooking, and will even further be enticed if they think the
business offers great value for the purchase price. Other than that, more sociable customers will take the
space available into consideration, and this is an advantage for the business, as mentioned previously.
Finally, since customers will be enticed by value, purchase decisions will also be made once marketing of
said value is clear and accessible.

- Postpurchase behavior: After the purchase, satisfied customers will want to go back for more at a later time.
More sociable customers will attempt to get some or more of their friends to eat together on the site.
Customers who are aware of the business due to online marketing will most likely keep up to date with what
the business offers, especially looking out for menus or promos.

Social Media and Website Results

Instagram and Facebook Overview

Our Instagram account is named warung.bu_lastri and was created on December 2nd 2022. From this account, we
have two main functions: to market their products and services, and as a data gathering hub for business intelligence.
To that end, we post various soft and hard selling posts along with promotional reels. Among all of our social media
marketing efforts, Instagram is by far the most successful.
For the same purposes, we also have made a Facebook account under a similar name, Warung bu Lastri. In this page,
we post whatever is posted on the Instagram account, along with independent posts as well as answering any
inquiries that visitors may have. The homepage is as follows:

As for the data, both Instagram and Facebook values will be grouped together as we have taken liberty to measure
both of them through Meta Business Suite which has integrated both of our social media pages. The measurement
will last for a little over a month, and will be analyzed on a weekly basis starting from December 2, 2022 - January
2, 2023, specifically at 16:13 pm. The data are as follows:

Week 1

From December 2, 2022 - December 8, 2022, or the first week of measurement, our Instagram posts managed to
reach exactly one person, while our Facebook posts had not been able to reach anyone. In the same week, the
amount of users who visit each respective accounts are as follows:
In the first week of measurement, for one reason or another, two unique users visited our Instagram
account, while similar as the data previously, none visited our Facebook page.

Week 2

From December 9, 2022 - December 15, 2022, both of our social media accounts are still struggling to be
viewed by more people. Within the second week, our Instagram posts only reached one user yet again,
and our Facebook posts, likewise, still had not reached anyone. The amount of pageviews this week is as
follows:
During the second week, our Instagram account had managed to get 3 unique visits, a 50% increase over
the previous week. Nothing new to report from our Facebook account.

Week 3

From December 16, 2022 - December 22, 2022, our Instagram posts had reached 5 unique users; a 400%
increase over the previous week’s reach. And finally, our Facebook posts, for the first time in its creation,
managed to reach 2 unique users.
In that same week, our Instagram account got 10 unique visits; a 233.3% increase over last week’s visits.
Our Facebook page also gained its first visitor since its inception.

Week 4

From December 23, 2022 - December 29, 2022, our Instagram gained a massive increase in reach. During
this 7 day period, it managed to break all of its reach over the last three weeks combined, with 451 unique
users viewing our posts. This is an 8.900% increase over the previous week. Our Facebook also follows
the trend of an increase in reach, though to a much lesser extent. Within this week, our Facebook posts
managed to reach 4 unique users, a 100% increase over the previous week’s reach.
Both of our pages also received relatively significant increases in page visits. Our Instagram page was
visited by 23 unique users, a 130% increase over the previous week’s, while our Facebook page received
3 unique visits, a 200% increase over last week’s visits. While modest, these numbers are a major
milestone for both of our platforms.

Week 5

During December 30, 2022 - January 2, 2023, our Instagram posts had reached 31 unique users, an 87.8%
decrease from the preceding week’s performance. Our Facebook posts reached the same amount of unique
users as last week’s, which is 3. However, note that unlike the previous measurement periods, this final
period only lasted around 4 days.
Similarly with its reach, the unique visits count did not have any increase. Our Instagram page received 7
unique visits, which is a 22.2% decrease from the previous week, while our Facebook page only received
1 unique visitor, a 50% decrease from last week. The same caveat of measurement period still applies, but
it in no way invalidates the decrease that we saw during the final measurement week.

Lifetime

Throughout its lifetime, both of our social media accounts had a rocky development of user reach. Our
Instagram posts managed to reach 483 unique users in just over a month, while our Facebook posts
managed to reach 7 unique users throughout the same amount of time. For both of them, a lot of activity
is centered nearing the end of the measurement period.
Similar things can be said of our social media account’s ability to attract users. During its lifetime, our
Instagram account has managed to get 45 unique visits, while our Facebook page received 5 unique users.
Activity is also centered around the end of the measurement period.

All of the posts done result in the above counts. For Facebook, during the entire measurement period, we
managed to get a single like on all of our posts. Meaning of all the users who saw the post, 14% of them
gave our post a like. For Instagram, out of everyone who saw our posts, not a single one followed our
page as a result.
Website Overview

Along with our social media accounts, we also made a website for the business. Our website uses
Blogger, and within it, we provide more information about the business itself, such as the background,
what it does differently, its location, etc. Where the social media accounts are platforms for
communication and customer search, the website is used as an information hub for inquisitive customers.
Measurement of its performance will be done through Google Analytics, using the same measurement
period.

Week 1
During the first week, 1 new user accessed the website. They visited the website twice during the period,
indicated by the number of sessions. During those sessions, they visited a total of 20 pages, averaging to
around 10 pages every time that person accessed the website. Each of their sessions lasts, on average,
around 13:16 minutes. Bounce rate is defined as ‘single-page sessions divided by the total number of
sessions’. In other words, bounce rate is the percentage of all sessions where users only viewed one page.
Essentially, it is a measure of how ‘sticky’ the website is -how well the website is able to retain the
attention of users per session. For the first week, half of the sessions are those which only served one
page.

Week 2

During the second week, the website gained 1 new user, adding to a total of 2. Each user only visited the
site once, with each visit lasting just under two minutes. There were a total of 8 pageviews, meaning on
average, each user viewed 4 pages during their respective session. Of those two sessions, none are
one-page ones -all visits captured the attention of users.
Week 3

In its third week, the website managed to get 2 new users to use the website. In total, 6 sessions were
detected, meaning that, on average, each user visited the page 3 times during week 3. A total of 16 pages
were accessed, meaning that each user accessed roughly 3 pages every time they visited the website, with
each session lasting just under 6 minutes. Half of these sessions were one-page sessions.

Week 4
Unlike the social media accounts, the website went silent in the fourth week. No traffic went through the
website, even though this is the most active period for the social media accounts.

Week 5

During the final week of measurement, the website again received 2 new users. With a session count of
two, each user then visited the website 1 time, viewing 3 pages during their visit. The visit lasts an
average of 2:38 minutes, with half of those visits being one-page sessions.

Strategy Evaluation

Analysis and Discussions

Looking at the data, one particular event was interesting. During week 4, the reach for our
Instagram posts reached an unnaturally high level, increasing by almost 9.000% compared to the other
weeks. In that week also, reach for Facebook, and page visits for both accounts managed to hit
higher-than-expected levels. This section attempts to pin down what exactly happened during this week,
and provide insight for future marketing strategies.
 Within our Instagram account, as mentioned before, we have soft and hard selling posts aimed at
increasing the reach of the business. Throughout most of the measurement period, these posts performed
in a neutral manner -just as expected. Below are the numbers:

As is visible, none of these posts stand out in terms of visibility. All of them have similar counts
on all metrics, and should not produce unnatural results. However, one post in particular is the sole reason
for the boosted reach and boosted unique visitation; our one and only Reels.
 This reel was uploaded on December 24, 2022, or in other words, at the beginning of week 4. The
upload time, the Reels’ performance itself and the sudden jump in our social media accounts’
performance lines up perfectly, leading us to be certain of this Reels’ role in boosting our reach and visit
counts. The question now is, why? What did this Reel do that resulted in such a massive impact? While
we don’t have the statistical analysis and proofs that would give a definite, objective answer, we can
speculate. And we speculate this is due to two main reasons: the nature of Reels themselves, and the
hashtags we used.

Reels have one very important characteristic; they are meant to be shown to non-followers. This
is a huge help for any accounts that currently does not have any following, whether from Instagram alone,
or including other social media platforms, such as our account. The probability of being seen by someone
is higher by default when using Reels. To capitalize on that, we also used a variety of hashtags that are
related with the business. By doing this, we are casting a wide net, and trying to get as many people as
possible, who are also interested in the hashtags that we have put, to view our reel, and attempt to
maximize the probability of them checking our accounts out. The results, as is visible, is a huge increase
in reach, meaning that a part of our strategy has worked -many more people viewed the reels.

However, that means the other part of our strategy failed. While we were able to gather a
significant amount of viewers, we weren’t able to convert them into customers. We failed to retain those
views that resulted from the reel. In essence, all those views and reach are akin to just a passing look. We
did not manage to capture the attention of the passers-by enough to make them interested in the product,
and be willing to stay. This phenomenon can clearly be seen from the contrasting data between the social
media accounts and the website in week 4. During the most active week, the website did not get a single
visit, not even from old users. The website went completely silent, even though the reel was doing its
work and getting views. Other than this example, we can also take the lifetime data of the social media
accounts themselves. The final follower acquisition for Instagram is very poor. It does not reflect the
expected growth if retention was assumed to be decent. This leads us to believe that the retention
capability of our approach is not decent -far from it even. We have been able to achieve some semblance
of success in searching and acquiring views. The next step is to then develop strategies to attract and
retain some of those views, and make a loyal customer of them.

However, this does not discredit the other results we have found. During this entire measurement
process, we acquired good information on which platform fits the business the best. Unsurprisingly,
Instagram will be our best bet to break through. Instagram has crystal clear features that serve anyone
who wants their content to be seen, in the form of Reels. The nature of Reels allows us to cast a wide net
over the market, and gives us a good head start in the process of customer conversion. Insight on the
effectiveness of Reels combined with proper usage of hashtags will help future endeavors into digital
marketing. The tools available within the app allow us to evaluate what type of content is favored by the
market once we start our customer acquisition plans. This insight also informs us of the potential of other,
similar social media platforms. Now that we know what method is effective in getting views, we can start
to widen the net even more, capturing audiences not only from Instagram, but from other sites as well,
such as TikTok. SInce Facebook is somewhat integrated with Instagram, it is recommended to not solely
focus on Instagram. After all, the most amount of engagement was found on Facebook. However, it is
important to note that much of Facebook’s potential is lost. The setup for the account was not perfect, and
many hoops needed to be jumped through to get it working. Due to that, much of the features that would
have been useful for a business are out of reach for us.

The website has its uses. From the data we see that, although in small numbers, the website is
consistently getting more users. And based on the Bounce Rate, most of those users are either legitimately
interested in the content, or are attracted enough by some other factor to peruse around the website. There
is potential for the website, but that potential is hindered by the same issue that also hinders the growth of
the other social media platforms. Using the data that is available though, a lot of information can also be
siphoned to see what type of content is retaining those users, and that insight might be implemented again
in the website, or somewhere else.
Future Improvements
Based on all the concepts mentioned in the discussion, the following is a list of possible changes
to be done:

Approach:
- Utilize more customer acquisition methods
- Refer back to the STP marketing process
- Emphasize both views and customer attachment to brand
- More proactive towards plans and execution

Instagram:
- Utilize more of the professional tools available
- Utilize Instagram Ads
- Make more Reels for mass
- Tailor posts for followers according to insights
- Be more communicative with current and potential customers

Facebook:
- Possible overhaul and remake of account
- Properly set up account as a business account
- Utilize the various tools available for businesses, including Ads
- Integrate posts to coincide with Instagram posts

Website:
- Integrate more of social media activities into posts
- Search Engine Optimizations
- Proper setup of Google Analytics to get complete information
- Finish up the WhatsApp widget
- Improve the look to be less cluttered
Final Report Addition
Possible Ethical Violation:
Ethical concerns in business arise when a choice, behavior, or scenario contradicts the ethical standards of
the organization or society. Because others may question their behavior from a moral standpoint, both
organizations and people might become entangled in ethical dilemmas. Among the various sorts of
corporate ethics violations are those that produce a hostile work environment, such as employee
intimidation or sexual harassment. Stealing, lying, and mismanaging cash are examples of ethical
principles that are occasionally broken in the business environment.

These ethical violations can happen in a business, including Warung Bu Lastri. Moreover, this can happen
on various platforms owned by the business.

Ethical Violations on Websites

● Intellectual Property Violations: Ethical ramifications of intellectual property crimes frequently
afflict online firms. In some circumstances, the infractions are the consequence of ignorance and
inadequate legal guidance, and in others, they are intentional. One of them is the use of an
unoriginal logo. It is understandable that a logo is an essential part of company branding.
However, because some entrepreneurs have a limited budget for logo creation, they may choose
to steal a logo from another company. This is an example of a website violation that could occur.
● Image Theft: A quality website must have high-quality photos. Hiring a professional
photographer or purchasing stock images might be costly. As a result, dishonest web designers
will occasionally steal photographs and utilize them on their websites.

Ethical Violations on Social Media

● Content Theft: When a company cannot afford to retain professional copywriters and content
writers, its web designer or administrator may repurpose blog posts, product descriptions, and
other content for use on its website, online catalog, or social media platforms.
● Not be able to be transparent: Advertorial, branded content, sponsored content, and native
advertising? If anything is an advertisement, the ethical thing to do is to acknowledge that it is an
advertisement. These types of content are published alongside editorial content on social media
and other channels.
● Unauthorized use of audio and video files: This can be a serious problem for companies who
employ music and other sound files in podcasts and video programming. Copyright may apply to
audio content, including music.

Ethical Violations on E-Commerce

● Information Security: Information security and data privacy are two of the most frequently
debated ethical issues in e-commerce. Customers' payment card or bank account information, as
well as their name, address, and phone number, are typically collected by companies that provide
items and services online. Furthermore, many e-commerce sites allow clients to create an online
account, which requires them to create a username and password.
ITE Law:
In essence, there are a great number different potential violations of ITE law that might occur to
or be committed against a business owner, such as the following:
a. Article 27 verse 3: about Insult or defamation, This is one of the most common cases that may be
found in Indonesia. Many times, internet users report on the ugliness of an organization or an
individual, which ultimately results in the individual being prosecuted for his statements. In this
particular instance, for instance, give poor reviews to our competitors across social media.

b. Article 28 verse 1: about lie to customers. The dissemination of false information to clients is
among the most precarious scenarios for owners of commercial enterprises. This article can be
used as evidence against you if, for instance, you overclock the products that you sell so that the
buyer receives something other than what he should have received. In all seriousness, the
penalties that can be imposed include a maximum sentence of one billion dollars in fines and six
years in prison at the most.

c. Article 30 verse 1,2,3: if you intentionally and without rights or unlawfully access computer
systems and/or electronic systems with any purpose in this case to steal data from competitors,
you can be charged under this article, which contains if you intentionally and without rights or
unlawfully access computer systems and/or electronic systems with any purpose or stealing other
people or business property and claim it as your own. Sanctions can range from imprisonment of
six to eight years and a fine of between six hundred million and eight hundred million dollars,
depending on the Act.

However, in addition to the description of the activities that can affect the breach of the ITE Law,
in reality, a legal norm must have room for interpretation, either for the purpose of restricting the meaning
or expanding the meaning. This can be done in either direction. Therefore, in order to determine the
nature of the loss, the loss itself must be real and cannot simply be based on how he feels in an abstract
sense.

How to reduce the risk:

You can avoid offering negative speech on the reviews of your competitor's company or
supplying incorrect information about them, both of which might result in adverse opinions from
members of society. You can do this by avoiding giving negative speech on the reviews of your
competitor's company. The owners of businesses can avoid getting into legal disputes with ITE officials in
a number of different ways, one of which is by ensuring that all of the content on their social media
platforms and in their advertising is as authentic and original as it can possibly be. In addition, we need to
be as truthful as possible with our clients when it comes to our products, and the single most crucial thing
that we can do to achieve this goal is to avoid making any false statements regarding them. Customers
have the right to pursue legal action in the event that they believe they were sold a product that was
different from what was marketed to them.

It is important that you do not hesitate to offer an apology. Corporate actors who become involved
in insult cases frequently fail to apologize for their behavior, despite the fact that it has been demonstrated
that they were in the wrong and that they have been shown to be in the wrong. Do not be too proud and
arrogant to face this situation, and by all means, do not be hesitant about apologizing for your
involvement in it. This definitely gets back to each and every one of us.

Apart from the ITE, the risk of ethical issues on social media and other online platforms must also
be prevented by properly seeking permission for use or attribute content taken from other creators,
handling copyright content, and managing public relations concerns.