DESIGNING NAVIGATION ts time to get out your paper and pencils, or whiteboard and markers, and design the navigation for your site. I'm quite serious about you doing this with paper and pencils or on a whiteboard, The last place you should be designing navigation is in front of a computer. While they're great for documenting what you've decided, they can really limit your creativity when it comes to design. Start h the content page Believe it or not, the home page is not the most important page on your site. The humble content page holds that honour. So when you start designing your navigation system, this is the best place to start. There are two reasons for this: ‘The content page is where people will spend most of their time. I's where they'll have success or failure, and most likely where they'll be when they want to move to another page in your site. Iewill probably be the first page people see. It depends on the type of site you're working on, but in a lot of cases people come froma search engine, Where do they land? More often than not ona content page. And when this happens the content page is effectively the home page to your site Start working with the main content type for your site (or types if you have more than one). But before you start to draw anything, go back to everything you learned (from your goals user research and content analysis) so you know: ‘What needs to be on this page ‘Where people will want to go next - will they want more detailed information or other information on the same topic If people need to move between different sections of the site, or whether they're more likely to explore everything in the current section+ Where you would like them to go next ~ to related products, more expensive versions of the same product, ete. + Whether it matters if they don’t go anywhere and just jump in and leave For example, on an intranet content page people will often want to know who to contact. Ona recipe site they'll want similar recipes. On movie sites they may want to go to movies with the same actor or director. One way is to start with the most important goal or information need, the product that creates the most revenue, ot the function that’s most frequently used or requested by people. Get this working, and then see if it needs to be varied for different content or different goals. Once you have a set of pages roughly assembled, revisit the goals and needs. For small sites, you may be able to work through this for most of your content pages. For large sites you may need to sample a set of content pages and think this through to look for patterns. Once you've thought about it, start sketching. Draw what needs to be on the page, and sketch out navigation approaches that will help people do what they need to for this page. Don’t try to get it ‘right’ — try lots of different approaches and ideas. Next, work on the pages that link to content pages ‘When you've got some scribbles for the content page, start with, ideas for the pages that would link into the content pages. You may have several types of these pages: + For simple hierarchies, the page may just need to list out the content in the section. + For database structured sites, you may have more than one way to get to the content, + You may design gallery pages (see chapter 16 - the Catalog pattern) or comparison pages. + Don't forget to think about A-Z indexes, site maps and other helper pages.‘These are crucial pages in your site - they are the places where people will make a decision to click on a content page. Get these wrong and people won't click through, ‘As with the content page, sketch, Draw different approaches to these pages and how people would experience them. Think of the different types of tasks people will be doing, and the decisions they will be making at that level and design for that. Depending on the structure of your site, you may have another level of index pages, linking to the pages that link to the content. Tackle these in the same way. Then do the home page When you've finished sketching your content pages and index pages (pages that lead into content pages) then do the home page. Honestly, if you start on your home page you'll spend so much time on it you won't allow enough time for the other page types. Not only that, you risk designing navigation that only works if people work from the home page inward. Home pages generally need to: Communicate who the organisation is Highlight particular content or features Allow people to navigate to where they want to be ‘When you design navigation for the home page, you will be designing more than just navigation bars. For many home pages, everything is ultimately navigation to content deeper in the site. When designing home page navigation, think about: How much of the navigation you've designed for other pages is, relevant to the home page? For example if you use top and left navigation within the site, you may only need the top navigation, on the home page. Is there anything on the home page that isn’t for navigation? (And should there be?)+ What needs to be on the home page, and what does it navigate to? For example, you may want to include news, links to individual articles, campaign advertisements that link to campaign pages, quick links to key pages, etc. What do you know that may be difficult for people to find, and so deserves some home page space to help them? Home pages are difficult and frustrating to design. Not because they're inherently hard to lay out, but because everyone has an opinion about how to do them. More than any other type of page, sketch lots of versions and be prepared to make changes. But also be prepared to use what you know about the project goals and people’s needs to push back on some suggestions and explain your decisions, Revise Just as you did when you designed your IA, after you've sketched your content pages, index pages, special pages and home page, revise them: + Think about the business goals, people's needs and the content, and make sure the navigation will support it + Check that the navigation will support the IA well + Sketch and tweak and check it until you're comfortable it will work for your site If you're wondering whether to take one approach or another (top navigation or side, no navigation bars, large footers) try them all — ‘work through the whole site, see what would happen, and see what works best.