Group Assignment

Group Members:
Zarlala Ijaz -0085
Malaika Maryam – 0104
Muhammad Ayaz -0093
Muhammad Nosherwan –0109
Abdullah Azfar Khan –0114
Sikandar Shahbaz – 0084
Kamran Shahid – 0082

Subject : Fundamentals of Information Systems

Section : C
Assignment No 3:
Comparison between Data, Information, Knowledge & wisdom:

What is data?
Data can come in the form of text, observations, figures, images, numbers, graphs, or symbols.
For example, data might include individual prices, weights, addresses, ages, names,
temperatures, dates, or distances. Data is a raw form of knowledge and, on its own, doesn't carry
any significance or purpose

Data etymologically derives from the Latin word “datum,” which roughly translates to
“something given”. Data is raw, unorganized, unanalyzed, uninterrupted, and unrelated used in
different contexts.
Data refers to the raw information. In the context of information technology (IT) and
computing, it is information that a software application collects and records. Data is typically
stored in a database and includes the fields, records and other information that make up the
database.

What Is Information?
The simple definition of information is “news or knowledge received or conveyed.” It is what
emerges after you have arranged, evaluated, and processed the data. The word is derived from, a
Latin word that means “formation or conception.”
The hierarchy of knowledge is shown by the data-information-knowledge-wisdom paradigm.
The model, which has a pyramidal shape, was developed to demonstrate how data may be
collected in various formats, evaluated, and transformed into various forms. The pyramid’s
levels stand for various viewpoints or levels of abstraction, as seen in the following.
He precise, unaltered facts of a particular circumstance, without any analysis or interpretation.
Making data valuable by giving it description and significance Information that has been applied
with context, insight, and a frame of reference to allow it to be understood.
By putting information to use and using judgement, knowledge becomes wisdom.

When dose data become information?

Data by itself has no significance. It only acquires meaning and turns into information after
being interpreted. Raw numbers and facts make up data. Information is produced when that
data is processed into sets based on context.
Raw input is referred to as data, and when processed or structured, it produces meaningful
output. Data is often transformed into information. When data is transformed into information, it
acquires meaning and can be understood.
Data in IT includes symbols, letters, graphics, and numbers. An IT system must process these
inputs in order to generate an accurate interpretation. In other words, data that has been
transformed into information. Information might be about objects, facts, ideas, or anything else
that is pertinent to.
The subject at hand. Questions like who, which, when, why, what, and how could have their
answers provided by it. If we were to calculate information, the result would be as follows:
Data + Meaning = Information

Comparison between data and information:

1. Data Information Data is unstructured, unpolished factual information. Information
consists of organized, processed material that is given in a relevant context.
2. Data is a discrete unit made up of basic components without a defined meaning.
3. Information is a collection of facts with a logical significance when taken as a whole.
4. Information is not a prerequisite for data.
5. Data depend on information.
6. Making decisions based just on raw facts is insufficient.
7. For making decisions, information is sufficient.
8. Data examples include a student’s test results.
9. The information produced from the provided data is the average grade for a class.

What is Knowledge?
 Knowledge is a collection of facts and experiences that have been gathered and organized
over time. Knowledge can be gained through education, research, observation, or experience.
It can also be acquired through reading books and other sources of information. Knowledge
is used to understand the world around us, make decisions, solve problems, gain insight, and
develop new ideas. Knowledge is the accumulation of facts, concepts, and skills. It includes
information about subjects such as history, science, mathematics, technology, and language.
Knowledge also includes knowledge about people, including their beliefs, values, attitudes,
and customs.
Knowledge can be used to create solutions to a wide range of problems. It is used to develop
new products, services, and technologies. Knowledge can be used to inform decision-
making, develop new strategies, and identify opportunities. In addition to providing
information, knowledge can also be used to evaluate and compare different options or
situations. It can help us compare different opinions and weigh pros and cons. Knowledge
can also help us make sense of the data that is available, enabling us to draw conclusions and
spot patterns. Knowledge can also be used as a form of power. It offers people the capacity to
do more and achieve more.

What is Wisdom?
Wisdom is the ability to make sound decisions based on knowledge, experience, and
discernment. It involves taking into account a variety of factors such as values, beliefs, and
emotions when making decisions..Wisdom is the ability to apply knowledge and experience in
order to make sound decisions. It involves considering all angles of a situation, including the
moral and ethical implications, before making a decision.
Wisdom can also be seen as a form of insight and understanding. It involves being able to take a
step back and gain perspective on a situation, understanding the cause and effect of decisions,
and having the courage to take action when appropriate. Wisdom is a form of wisdom that has
been cultivated over time and is often seen as a form of art. Wisdom can be honed through
education, practice, experience, and feedback. It is the ability to think critically and creatively in
order to assess and understand a situation, identify potential solutions, and make decisions that
are in the best interest of oneself and others.

Side by side Comparison of knowledge and wisdom

1. Knowledge is the accumulation of facts and information while wisdom is the ability to
apply that knowledge in a meaningful way.
2. Knowledge is acquired through formal education, experience, experimentation, and
research, whereas wisdom is something that is cultivated over time.
3. Knowledge is used to understand the world around us, make decisions, and gain insight,
whereas wisdom is associated with understanding one’s limitations and having the
courage to make sound decisions.
4. Knowledge enables people to understand the world, its complexities, and its challenges.
It enables people to identify patterns and draw conclusions from data and information.
 Wisdom, on the other hand, allows people to use this knowledge to devise strategies and
make decisions that are in the best interest of themselves and others.
5. The primary difference between knowledge and wisdom is that knowledge is the
accumulation of facts and information, while wisdom is the ability to apply this
knowledge in meaningful ways.
6. Knowledge enables people to understand the world around them and make decisions,
while wisdom guides them to make sound decisions based on values, beliefs, emotions,
and morals.
7. Knowledge empowers people to create solutions, while wisdom helps them decide which
solutions are best and create positive impacts.
8. Knowledge is a tool to gain insights and develop new ideas, while wisdom is the ability
to make sound decisions based on those insights.
9. Knowledge can be shared through generations, while wisdom is an ongoing process that
requires effort and learning.
10. Knowledge and wisdom are intertwined; one cannot exist without the other. Knowledge
and wisdom together enable people to make the best decisions possible in any given
situation.