003 Veterinary and COVID

Veterinary Care Glossary
Abdomen – Abdomen. Anemia - Anemia an antigen as a foreign and potentially

The abdomen is that part of the body, lying A lower than normal level of red blood cells harmful invader (e.g. bacteria and viruses).
between the chest and pelvis, containing the (also referred to as erythrocytes) carrying
digestive organs (i.e. the belly). oxygen to the body. Antipruritic - Antiprurito
A medication to relieve itching.
Abscess - Abceso Anesthesia - Anestesia
Localized accumulation of pus in a cavity; Anesthesia is the total loss of feeling or Antipyretic - Antipirético
usually associated with infection. A sensation. It is induced with drugs to allow A medication to reduce a fever or high
common outcome of cat fights. surgery or procedures to be performed temperature.
without causing pain. Anesthesia may be
Acute – Agudo(a) applied to the whole body, when it is known Antitussive - Antitusivo
A rapid and often severe onset. (e.g. acute as general anesthesia, or to part of the body, A medication to relieve coughing.
infection). when it is known as local anesthesia. Veterinarians often prescribe antitussive
medications to pets that suffer from
Addison's Disease – Enfermedad de Anatomy conditions that cause severe or intense
Addison The physical structure of the body. coughing, such as canine cough
This disorder occurs when the adrenal Dorsal - toward the ceiling or back.
glands fails to produce enough hormones for Ventral - toward the floor or belly. Anus - Ano
normal function, causing a metabolic and Cranial, or anterior - toward the north wall Opening at the end of an animal’s digestive
electrolyte imbalance and can potentially be or head. tract where faeces are expelled.
fatal. In dogs, the symptoms can include Caudal, or posterior - toward the south Arrhythmia - Arritmia
vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, lack of wall or rear. Disruption in the regularity of the heartbeat.
appetite, shaking, muscle weakness, low Lateral - toward the east or west wall or They occur when the electrical impulses to
body temperature, collapse and low heart side. the heart that co-ordinate heartbeats are not
rate. Medial - toward the midline, away from the working properly, making the heart beat too
east or west walls. fast/slow or inconsistently.
Alimentary - Alimentario Proximal - toward the body.
Pertaining to food or the digestive tract Distal - away from the body. Articular - Articular
(alimentary canal). Palmar - the front foot pads. Pertaining to a joint.
Plantar - the rear foot pads.
Allergen - Alérgeno Ascites - Ascitis
An allergen is a substance that can cause an Flexion - decreasing a joint’s angle The build-up of additional fluid in the
allergic reaction. In allergic animals, the abdomen, otherwise called the peritoneal
immune system recognizes allergens as Extension - increasing a joint’s angle cavity.
"foreign" or "dangerous" and responds Anorexia - Anorexia
accordingly. In non-allergic animals these Loss of appetite, whatever the cause. Asymptomatic - Asintomático
substances cause no immune response. If a patient is a carrier for a disease or
Antibiotics - Antibióticos infection but is not experiencing clinical
Alopecia - Alopecia A compound or substance that kills or slows signs.
Alopecia is a loss of hair from the body. down the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics are
Whilst in humans, alopecia can also be the not effective against viral infections. Ataxia - Ataxia
result of environmental conditions, in A neurological sign that consists of a lack of
animals it is usually the sign of an Antibody - Anticuerpos motor coordination of muscle movements. It
underlying disease. Some animals may be Also known as an immunoglobulin is a large often manifests as wobbliness or
genetically predisposed, while in other Y-shaped protein to identify and neutralize unsteadiness in animals.
animals it may be caused by hypersensitivity foreign antigens like bacteria and viruses.
or nutritional factors. Atopy - Atopia
Antiemetic - Antiemético Atopy is an allergic skin condition in dogs
Analgesia - Analgesia A medication used to treat vomiting and caused by exposure to normally innocuous
The relief of pain. An analgesic is something nausea. substances in the environment such as house
designed to relieve pain. dust mite, pollen from trees, flowers or
Antifungal - Antimicótico grasses and mould spores that are absorbed
Anaphylaxis - Anafilaxia A medication used to treat fungal infections through the skin or inhaled. These
Anaphylaxis refers to a rapidly developing such as ringworm. substances, called allergens make the
and serious allergic reaction that affects a immune system over-react and release
number of different areas of the body at one Antigen - Antígeno histamines causing excessive itching. The
time. Severe anaphylactic reactions can be A substance that triggers the production of dog's paws, face, groin, armpits and ears are
fatal. an antibody. The immune system recognizes most commonly affected areas.
Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Atrial Fibrillation – Fibrilación auricular from a living subject to determine the Calcified - Calcificado
An irregular heart rhythm associated with presence or extent of a disease. The build-up of calcium salts in soft tissue,
disorganized electrical activity in the upper causing it to harden.
two chambers of the heart (atria). Its name Bladder - Vejiga
comes from the fibrillating (i.e. quivering) A sac that receives and holds a liquid until it Calculus - Cálculo
of the heart muscles of the atria, instead of a is excreted. Often refers to the urinary A concretion of material, usually mineral
coordinated contraction. The result of the bladder. salts, that forms in an organ of the body.
rapid, irregular beats is ineffective filling of Bladder or kidney stones are an example of
the ventricles, the bottom two chambers of Bladder Stones - Piedras en la vesícula calculus.
the heart that pump blood out to the body. Bladder stones are a common occurrence in
domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Cancer - Cáncer
Atrium - Aurícula Blood in the urine, painful urination or Cancer is the leading cause of death among
Most commonly refers to a chamber in straining to urinate may all be signs. Bladder older dogs. The warning signs of cancer in
which blood enters the heart, as opposed to stones may be associated with urinary tract dogs are very similar to that in people. A
the ventricle, where it is pushed out. infections, particularly in dogs. lump or a bump, a wound that doesn’t heal,
any kind of swelling, enlarged lymph nodes,
Atrophy - Atrofia Bloat - Hinchar a lameness or swelling in the bone or
Atrophy is the progressive decrease in the A medical condition in which the stomach abnormal bleeding should all be
size of an organ or tissue. becomes overstretched by excessive gas. investigated.
Attenuated - Atenuado Bloat is a very serious health risk for many Candida - Cándida
Weakened. Normally refers to an attenuated deep-chested dogs. This fungus or yeast can normally be found
vaccine whereby the disease-causing in areas of the body such as the mouth, the
abilities of the vaccine components are Blood Glucose – Glucosa en la sangre genital and intestinal tracts. It can cause
weakened or attenuated during the The amount of glucose (sugar) present in the disease in animals.
manufacturing process to make them safe blood.
upon administration. Canine - Canino
Bone Marrow – Médula Ósea Pertaining to dogs.
Auscultate - Auscultar Bone marrow is a spongy, fatty tissue that
Auscultation is a method used to listen to the houses stem cells, located inside a few large Carcinoma - Carcinoma
sounds of the body during a physical bones. These stem cells transform A subtype of cancer that arises from
examination, usually with a stethoscope. themselves into white and red blood cells epithelial cells. Epithelial cells form the
and platelets. lining of our internal organs, cavities,
Autoimmune - Autoinmune glands, and skin.
A medical condition characterized by an Borborygmus - Borborigmo
overactive immune system which attacks the The rumbling noise caused by the movement Cardiac - Cardiaco
body, mistaking normal tissues in the body of gas through the stomach and/or intestines. Pertaining to the heart.
for harmful substances.
Bradycardia -Bradicardia Cardiomyopathy - Cardiomiopatía
Azotemia - Azotemia An abnormally slow heart rate. Literally means "heart muscle disease".
A medical condition characterized by
abnormally high levels of nitrogen- Bronchi - Bronquios Cardiopulmonary – Cardiopulmonar
containing compounds, such as urea and The large airways within the lungs. A term relating to both the heart and lungs.
creatinine, commonly as a result of kidney
malfunction or dehydration. Bronchodilator - Broncodilatador Cardiovascular - Cardiovascular
A substance that dilates the airways in the Refers to the circulatory system comprising
Bacterium - Bacteria lungs. the heart and blood vessels which carries
A bacterium is a unicellular microorganism nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the
which represents one of the most basic and BUN – Nitrogeno ureico en la sangre body and removes carbon dioxide and other
primitive forms of life. Bacteria are Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures the wastes.
everywhere. Some bacteria are capable of amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of
causing disease in animals. protein metabolism, in the blood. It can be Carpus - Carpo
used as an aid to measure kidney function. The animal equivalent of our wrist.
Bile - Bilis
A green/yellow liquid formed in the liver. Caecum – Intestino ciego Castration - Castración
Bile plays a vital role in the digestion of fats. Part of the gastrointestinal tract between the Removal of the testicles.
small and large intestines. It is a small,
Biopsy - Biopsia coiled organ in dogs. Cataract - Catarata
The removal of a sample of tissue or cells A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the

eye causing a reduction in vision or Coccidia - Coccidia Also called computerized axial tomography
blindness. Several factors can promote the Coccidia are microscopic, single celled (CAT) scan, combines a series of X-ray
formation of cataracts; a genetic organisms that infect animal cells. They can views taken from many different angles to
predisposition, diabetes mellitus, advanced cause watery or bloody diarrhoea in pets. produce cross-sectional images of the bones
age or previous eye damage. Currently, and soft tissues inside your pet’s body.
cataracts may be treated surgically, if vision Colitis - Colitis
is severely impaired. Inflammation of the large intestine (colon). Congenital - Congenital
A condition that is present at birth.
Caudal – Region Caudal Collapsing Trachea – Colapso de la Tráquea
A term meaning toward the tail or the The trachea, or windpipe, is the tube that Conjunctiva - Conjuntiva
posterior end of the body. runs from the larynx to the lungs through The tissue lining the inner surface of the
which air passes. The trachea is normally eyelids and covering the white of the eyes
Cerebellum - Cerebelo held open by cartilage rings however if these (sclera).
A region of the brain that plays an important cartilage rings are too weak, the trachea may
role in motor control and co-ordination. flatten out during breathing. The most Conjunctivitis - Conjuntivitis
common clinical sign in affected dogs is Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Cerebrum - Cerebro coughing (described as a goose honk cough)
Region of the brain that controls emotional, especially when excited or after exercise or Constipation - Estreñimiento
behavioral and learning functions. pulling on a lead. Exercise intolerance, A condition in which bowel movements
Chemotherapy - Quimioterapia respiratory distress, and gagging while occur less often than usual or consist of
Treatment of cancer with drugs. The drugs eating or drinking may also occur. hard, dry stools that are painful or difficult
used are slightly more toxic to cancer cells Treatment for mild to moderate cases to pass.
than healthy cells, so the cancer is treated include medication while severe cases may
without causing permanent damage. require surgery. Coprophagia - Coprofagia
The eating of faeces. Is considered normal
Cherry Eye - Ojo De Cereza [Prolapso Del Collie Eye Anomaly – Anomalía del ojo de behavior in some species, such as rabbits.
Tercer Párpado] Collie However, in other species coprophagy can
Cherry eye is the common name for the Collie eye anomaly is a congenital and be related to certain diseases or behavioural
condition where the tear producing gland of inherited eye disease, which affects the problems.
the third eyelid prolapses. resulting in the retina, choroid, and sclera. It can be a mild
appearance of a firm fleshy mass. Cherry disease or cause blindness. There is no Core Vaccine – Vacunas esenciales
eye is particularly common in some breeds treatment, but the disease can be diagnosed Vaccines which are strongly recommended,
of dog and is thought due to weakness in the by an examination. and sometimes even required. For example,
attachment of the gland, allowing it to parvovirus vaccine in dogs or panleucopenia
protrude. Colon - Colon in cats.
The section of the large intestine extending
Chronic - Crónico from the caecum to the rectum. Cornea - Cornea
A disease of slow onset and of long The clear front part of the eye.
duration. (e.g. chronic osteoarthritis) Colostrum - Calostro
Colostrum is an antibody-rich milk which is Corneal Ulcers – Ulcera corneal
Cirrhosis - Cirrosis secreted by all female animals during the Corneal ulcers occur when there is damage
A chronic disease of the liver whereby first few days of a newborn’s life. to the outer layer of the cornea. Corneal
healthy tissue is replaced by scar tissue. ulcers are painful, resulting in excessive
Coma - Coma tearing, squinting, and pawing at the eye.
Central Nervous System (CNS) – Sistema A state of unconsciousness from which an Treatments include antibiotic therapy and
Nervioso Central animal cannot be awakened. pain medication, and in severe cases surgery
Consists of the brain and spinal cord. may be required.
Complete Blood Count – Conteo sanguíneo
Coagulation - Coagulación completo Corticosteroid - Corticoesteroide
The process by which the body forms a A complete blood count (CBC), also known Any of the steroid hormones produced by
blood clot (thrombus) that prevents further as full blood count (FBC) or blood panel, is the adrenal gland or their synthetic
blood loss from damaged tissues, blood a test that gives information about the cells equivalents.
vessels or organs. in a patient's blood. It is used to evaluate
overall health and detect a wide range of Cranial - Craneal
Coagulopathy - Coagulopatía disorders, including anemia and infection. Pertaining to the head or in the direction of
A defect in the body's mechanism for the head.
making blood clots. Computerized Tomography Scan (CT Scan)
– Tomografía computarizada Culture – Cultivo bacteriano

The propagation of microorganisms in a Inflammation of the skin. and sometimes death.
growth media. Used to diagnose and guide
treatment for infectious diseases. Diabetes - Diabetes Diuretic - Diurético
Diabetes is a metabolic disease where the A substance increases the production of
Cushing’s Syndrome – Síndrome de Cushing animal has persistently high levels of urine.
Cushing's disease is the common name for glucose in the blood. Blood glucose levels
hyperadrenocorticism, a condition where the are normally regulated by insulin, which acts Domestic Animal – Animal doméstico
body produces excessive corticosteroid cause cells to take up glucose. Diabetes can An animal that is not wild and is kept as a
hormones. This disease is caused by an result if there is a lack of insulin production pet or to produce food.
abnormality in the pituitary gland or the by the pancreas (so-called insulin dependent
adrenal glands and can often be the result of diabetes), or if the cells do not respond Dry Eye – Ojo Seco
a tumor within either of these glands. appropriately to the insulin (non-insulin Dry Eye Syndrome is common in dogs.
Lethargy, poor appetite, a distended dependent diabetes). Symptoms are Most cases are caused by a genetic
abdomen, excessive drinking and urination, excessive drinking and urination, excessive predisposition, but chronic conjunctivitis,
thin skin and excessive hair loss are all appetite, often with weight loss, and cloudy canine distemper, and some drugs can result
symptoms which can be treated with surgery eyes due to the formation of cataracts. If leftin either decreased tear production or
or medication. untreated, diabetes leads malnutrition, increased tear film evaporation. Symptoms
ketoacidosis and/or dehydration, and death. include eye redness, a yellow or greenish
Cutaneous - Cutáneo discharge, ulceration of the cornea,
Relating to or affecting the skin. Diagnostic Test – Prueba Diagnóstica pigmented cornea, and blood vessels on the
A test to determine the presence or cause of cornea.
Cyanosis - Cianosis disease.
A bluish color of the skin and the mucous Duodenum - Duodeno
membranes due to insufficient oxygen in the Diarrhea - Diarrea The first part of the small intestine. The
blood. Excessive and frequent evacuation of watery duodenum extends from the stomach to the
faeces, usually indicating gastrointestinal jejunum (the second part of the small
Cyst - Quiste distress or disorder. intestine).
A pathologic space in bone or soft tissue
containing fluid or semi-solid material. Digestive System – Sistema Digestivo Duration of Immunity - Duración de la
The organs responsible for the transit and inmunidad
Cystitis - Cistitis metabolism of food in the body. These Length of time an animal is protected from a
Inflammation of the urinary bladder. organs include salivary glands, mouth, disease after vaccination. Vaccines for some
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, diseases provide a long duration of
Cytology - Citología gall bladder, pancreas, colon, rectum, and immunity, others only provide immunity for
Refers to a branch of pathology that deals anus. up to a year.
with making diagnoses of diseases based on
the examination of cells. Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Miocardiopatía Dysphagia - Disfagia
dilatada Difficulty in swallowing.
Dehydration - Deshidratación This heart condition, which is also known as
The excessive loss of body water. DCM, is when the heart becomes weakened Dysplasia - Displacia
and enlarged and cannot pump blood A term used in pathology meaning abnormal
Dental Disease – Enfermedad dental efficiently. The symptoms can include less development of tissues.
Dental disease is very common in dogs but activity and tiring easily, lower appetite,
can be prevented. The most obvious sign of signs of difficult respiration, panting and Dyspnea - Disnea
dental disease is calculus or dental plaque. coughing while at rest and an enlarged pear- Difficult or laboured breathing; shortness of
Plaque buildup can lead to gingivitis which shape tummy as fluid accumulates in the breath.
if left untreated can progress to periodontitis abdomen.
and resulting in tooth loss. Treatment Dystocia - Distocia
involves scaling and polishing of the teeth Disinfection - Desinfección Difficult birth.
under general anesthesia and treatment of A cleaning process which destroys most
any periodontal disease. Special diets or microorganisms, but not highly resistant Dysuria - Disuria
treats, brushing, and plaque prevention gels forms. Painful or difficult urination.
can be used to prevent dental disease.
Distemper – Moquillo canino Edema - Edema
Dermal - Cutáneo An infectious viral disease occurring in The medical term for fluid retention in the
Pertaining to the skin. dogs. Clinical signs include loss of appetite, body, causing swelling to occur in the
a discharge from the eyes and nose, affected area.
Dermatitis - Dermatitis vomiting, fever, lethargy, partial paralysis

Esophagus - Esófago The soft palate is the fleshy tissue at the injury to the tissue.
The part of the intestinal tract between the back of the roof of the mouth that separates
mouth and stomach. the mouth from the nasal passages. In some Erythrocyte - Eritrocito
Ear Canal – Canal Auditivo short-muzzled breeds, such as pugs or A red blood cell.
The narrow tube, between the ear and ear bulldogs, the soft palate can be excessively
drum, through which sound enters the ear. long resulting in snoring, wheezing, Eye Problems. Problemas en los ojos.
snorting, and coughing when the dog is Eye problems in cats can be caused by a
Ear Drum - Tímpano exercising. Can be corrected with surgery. number of things, including conjunctivitis,
The thin membrane that separates the middle corneal ulcer, cataracts, glaucoma, trauma,
ear from the external ear. Also called the Emaciation - Emaciación viruses, inflammation, and retinal disease. A
tympanic membrane. A wasted condition of the body. few symptoms that may mean your cat has
eye problems include watery eyes, tear-
Ear Infections – Infecciones del oído Emesis - Emesis stained fur, cloudiness, red or white eyelid
Ear infections are commonly seen in dogs. Vomiting. linings, gunk in the corners of the eye,
Clinical signs include behavioral changes squinting, pawing at the eye, or a visible
such is constant scratching or head shaking. Encephalitis - Encefalitis third eyelid. Unless you know what's
The ear canal may be red and a discharge or Inflammation of the brain. causing your cat's eye problems, there isn't
strong odor may be present. If these clinical much you can do other than call your vet.
signs are present veterinary attention should Encephalopathy - Encefalopatía Eye problems should be considered an
be sought. Disease, damage, or malfunction of the emergency so make appointment
brain. immediately.
Ear Mites -Acaros del oído
Mites that live in the ears of animals. They Endocrine - Endocrino Keratitis - Queratitis
can just barely be seen as a small white dot Pertaining to hormones and the glands that When eyelids are unable to close properly
with the naked eye. make them. These hormones regulate an and hence are unable to keep the eyeball
animal's growth, physiology and sexual moist and free from debris and irritants, an
ECG - Electrocardiograma development. inflammation of the cornea occurs, resulting
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that in it becoming cloudy with a loss of
records the electrical activity of the heart. Endoscope - Endoscopio transparency. This is known as exposure
A lighted medical instrument used to get keratopathy syndrome. The signs are pain,
Echocardiogram - Ecocardiograma examine organs such as the oesophagus, squinting, pawing at the eye, avoiding light,
A test that uses sound waves to create a stomach or airways. and protrusion of the third eyelid.
moving picture of the heart (i.e. an Depending on the cause of the keratitis,
ultrasound of the heart). Endotracheal Tube - Sonda endotraqueal treatment may involve eye medications or
A breathing tube placed into the trachea. surgery. If left untreated long-term visual
Ectoparasite - Ectoparásito Commonly used during anaesthesia to loss may occur.
A parasite, such as a flea, that lives on the facilitate delivery of oxygen and anaesthetic
exterior of an animal. to the lungs. Facial Dermatitis – Dermatitis Facial
Facial dermatitis is a condition which causes
Ectopic - Ectópico Enteritis - Enteritis inflammation and irritation of the face skin.
Meaning "out of place." (e.g. an ectopic Inflammation of the intestine, especially the The most common causes are due to flea
pregnancy is one that has implanted outside small intestine bite allergies and reactions to allergens,
the reproductive system) generally seasonal, in the environment. This
Enzyme - Enzima can lead to scratching or rubbing the
Electrolyte - Electrolito Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate affected areas, so it becomes inflamed and
In medicine, certain mineral elements that of chemical reaction. Almost all processes in irritated.
are critically important to life, including a cell need enzymes to occur at significant
sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and rates. Faeces - Heces
phosphorous. Bodily waste matter derived from ingested
Epidermis - Epidermis food that is discharged through the anus;
Elizabethan Collar – Collar Isabelino The outer layer of the skin. also called stool.
A medical device that is shaped just like a
cone and is used to prevent the animal from Epistaxis - Epistaxis Fanconi Syndrome – Síndrome de Fanconi
biting, licking, and scratching at wounds and Technical name for bleeding from the nose. Fanconi syndrome is a condition where the
injuries while they heal. tubules of the kidneys do not properly
Erythema - Eritema reabsorb minerals, glucose, amino acids, and
Elongated Soft Palate – Paladar blando Redness of the skin resulting from dilation water to keep the body in a metabolic
alargado of blood vessels caused by irritation or balance. In dogs, if untreated Fanconi

Syndrome will eventually lead to death. •Dehydration Gait - Andar
However, there are several different •Lack of appetite The manner of walking or moving. Assessed
treatment options to manage kidney •Vomiting to determine the cause of lameness in
function. The most common signs are animals.
excessive drinking and urinating, weight Foetus - Feto
loss and overall poor condition. An unborn animal in the later stages of Gastric - Gástrico
development showing recognizable features Relating to or involving the stomach.
Feline - Felino of the mature animal.
Of or relating to cats. Gastritis - Gastritis
Fine Needle Aspirate – Aspiración con aguja Inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis – Peritonitis A diagnostic procedure sometimes used to
infecciosa felina investigate superficial (just under the skin) Gastrointestinal - Gastrointestinal
Feline infectious peritonitis, or FIP, is an lumps or masses. In this technique, a thin, Relating to the stomach and intestines.
invariably fatal immune mediated condition hollow needle is inserted into the mass to Gestation - Gestación
caused by infection with mutant form of extract cells that, after being stained, will be The carrying of an embryo or foetus
feline coronavirus. Most cats infected with examined under a microscope.
feline coronavirus show no clinical signs, Gingival - Gingival
however if the virus mutates to a more FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) – VIF Pertaining to the gums.
dangerous virulent form it may result in FIP. (Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Felina)
The cat’s immune response to the virus A virus that specifically infects cats (not Gingivitis - Gingivitis
results in an inflammatory reaction in people). It is transmitted by cats biting one Inflammation of the gums.
affected tissues. There are two clinical another, especially during fights. FIV is the
forms of the disease recognized - wet or cause of Feline AIDS (Acquired Immune Glaucoma - Glaucoma
effusive FIP and dry or non-effusive FIP. Deficiency Syndrome) – a progressive Glaucoma is a condition in which there is
All cats with FIP will typically have a fever, deficiency of the immune system that can increased pressure in eye which, if left
reduced appetite, and weight loss. In limit the ability of cats to fight off other untreated, can result in blindness. Glaucoma
addition, those with wet FIP develop an infections. can be sudden in onset (acute) in which case
accumulation of fluid in their chest or the eye is usually very painful and red, or it
abdomen which may result in breathing Flatulence - Flatulencia can be more insidious in its onset (chronic)
difficulties or the characteristic potbellied Generating excessive gas in the with no obvious outward changes until the
appearance respectively. In cats with dry gastrointestinal tract vision is affected. For this reason, regular
FIP, there is no fluid accumulation. These eye checks are important, particularly in at
cats often develop neurological or eye Fleas. Pulgas. risk breeds. If detected early medical
problems such as seizures, paralysis, or Fleas are a very common external feline treatment can be very effective in preserving
blindness. Currently treatment for this health problem. But it's one you can easily vision.
condition is palliative. treat. Signs your cat has fleas include:
•Flea dirt on its skin (they look like tiny Glucosuria - Glucosuria
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Diseases black dots) The excretion of glucose in the urine.
(FLUTD). Enfermedades del tracto urinario •Constant scratching Normally, urine does not contain glucose as
inferior felino (FLUTD). •Frequent licking the kidneys are able to reclaim glucose back
Some estimates say as many as 3% of cats into the bloodstream.
•Red or irritated skin
seen by vets have feline lower urinary tract
•Hair loss
disease (FLUTD), which is actually a group Granuloma - Granuloma
of feline diseases with multiple causes. •Skin infections or hot spots A mass or nodule of chronically inflamed
Female and male cats can get FLUTD, and it tissue.
often occurs in cats that are overweight or Follicle - Folículo
unfit or who eat dry food. Stress, a multi-cat A small cavity or deep narrow-mouthed Hemangiosarcoma - Hemangiosarcoma
household, and sudden changes can all raise depression (e.g. hair follicle) A malignant tumor of the blood vessels,
a cat's risk of FLUTD, and treatment usually occurring in the skin, liver or spleen.
depends on the type of FLUTD your cat has. Foreign Body – Cuerpo extraño
FLUTD symptoms include: Any abnormal substance within the body. Hematocrit - Hematocrito
•Straining to urinate Commonly used to describe foreign material The volume of red blood cells in a sample of
•Bloody urine under the skin (eg splinters, glass) or in the blood after it has been centrifuged (spun at
•Urinating in unusual places gastrointestinal tract (e.g. toys, balls, bones). high speeds). The PCV (Packed Cell
Fracture - Fractura Volume), or hematocrit, is expressed as a
•Crying when urinating
Breaking of hard tissue such as bone. May percentage. For example, normal for dogs is
•Licking around the urinary area (often
be caused by trauma or bone disease. 40-59% and for cats is 29-50%.
because of pain)
•Depression

Haematology - Hematología Hernia - Hernia inside the skull and progressive enlargement
The study of blood and diseases of the Protrusion of an organ through a wall of the of the head, brain damage and even death.
blood. cavity in which it is normally enclosed.
Hyper - Hiper
Haematoma - Hematoma Hip Dysplasia – Displacia de Cadera A prefix meaning more than normal.
A localized swelling filled with blood Hip dysplasia is an abnormal formation of
outside the blood vessels. Usually occurs the hip socket which can lead to severe Hyperglycemia - Hiperglicemia
due to hemorrhage. arthritis of the hips. It is an inherited trait High levels of glucose in the blood.
that develops particularly with
Haematuria - Hematuria environmental factors such as excess weight, Hyperplasia - Hiperplasia
The presence of blood in the urine; often a injury at a young age, overexertion on hip An abnormal increase in the number of cells
clinical sign of urinary tract disease. joints at a young age, ligament tear at a in a tissue or organ.
young age, repetitive motion on forming
Haemorrhage - Hemorragia joint. Clinical signs include lameness, Hypersensitivity - Hipersensibilidad
Bleeding. swaying or staggering, discomfort when An allergic condition in which the body
attempting to lie down or stand up, overreacts to certain substances, such as a
Heart Murmur – Soplo del Corazón reluctance to run and jump, or audible bee sting or medication.
A heart murmur is the abnormal sound of clicking sounds when the pet walks or rises
blood rushing through one of the heart to get up. Surgical treatment options are Hypertension – Hipertension
valves. Instead of just the heartbeat, a available for severe cases, although most High blood pressure.
whistle of blood flow through a narrowed animals can be managed with an appropriate
opening, is heard. The condition is usually regimen of anti-inflammatory pain relief, Hyperthermia - Hipertermia
detected by hearing a heart murmur during weight control, joint supplements, and Elevated body temperature.
physical examination by a veterinarian. regular controlled exercise. Hyperthyroidism - Hipertiroidismo
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid
Heartworm - Dirofilariasis (Gusanos del Hookworms. Anquilostomas. gland, which regulates metabolism,
Corazón) Living mainly in the small intestine, increases thyroid hormone production. This
Also known as Dirofilaria immitis, is a hookworms suck the blood of their hosts. overproduction of hormones causes a
parasite that is spread from host to host via Puppies can become infected from their "speeding up" of various body systems.
the bites of mosquitoes. The natural host is a mothers. Adult dogs can be infected through Clinical signs may include behaviors
dog, but it can also infect cats and ferrets their skin or when cleaning themselves. changes such as irritability or aggression,
too. The worms mature in the heart and may They can also be infected by eating another increased heart rate, tremors, weight loss
cause a physical blockage as well as animal that is infected. Infection causes and muscular weakness. Treatment can
thickening of the heart and associated blood weakness and malnutrition and can lead to include surgery, medication, or radioactive
vessels. death in puppies. Two rounds of deworming iodine therapy. It is a very common disorder
Heartworms are up to 14 inches long, a medication are usually effective, but a puppy of older cats.
heartworm lives in the heart and the arteries may need other treatment, as well. Humans
that carry blood from the heart to the lungs. can also become infected with hookworms Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy –
Heartworms affect how the heart functions from unwashed vegetables or by walking Cardiomiopatía hipertrófica
and how blood clots and is likely to cause barefoot on sand and soil Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the
death if untreated. Monthly heartworm most common heart disease in all cats and in
preventives are effective. If infected, your Hormone - Hormona some breeds is a genetic trait. The disease
dog may cough, have trouble breathing, and A chemical released by a cell or a gland in causes thickening of the heart wall, which
experience other symptoms. Treatment may one part of the body that sends out messages makes the heart pump less efficiently which
involve two or three injections of arsenic- that affect cells in other parts of the animal. could lead to sudden death. Early detection
based drugs, followed by at least a month of is important to ward off this life-threatening
rest. Host - Portador problem. Cat with HCM are also prone to
A living animal on or in which a parasite developing thromboemboli.
Hepatic - Hepático lives.
Relating to, affecting, or associated with the Hypertrophy - Hipertrofia
liver. Hybrid - Hibrido An enlargement of an organ or a tissue as a
The progeny of two animals of different result of an increase in the size of cells
Hepatitis - Hepatitis races, breeds, varieties or species. (rather than the number as in hyperplasia).
Inflammation of the liver.
Hydrocephalus - Hidrocefalia Hyperventilate - Hiperventilar
Hepatomegaly - Hepatomegalia An abnormal increase in the amount of To breathe excessively hard and fast causing
Abnormal enlargement of the liver. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cranial blood gas disorders.
cavity. This may cause increased pressure

Hypo - Hipo the body's own red blood cells.
A prefix meaning less than normal. Innate - Innato
Immunity - Inmunidad Inborn. A permanent characteristic present
Hypoglycemia - Hipoglicemia A condition in which the animal's immune since birth.
Low levels of glucose in the blood. system has been primed and is able to
protect the body from a disease-causing Insulin - Insulina
Hypoplasia -Hipoplasia agent such as a virus or bacteria. A hormone secreted by the pancreas to
Incomplete formation of a structure or organ regulate glucose in the body.
in the body. Immunization – Vacunación / Inmunización
The creation of immunity usually against a Insulin Resistance – Resistencia a la insulina
Hypotension - Hipotensión particular disease. Vaccination is a way to A condition where insulin becomes less
Low blood pressure. produce immunization. However, a effective at lowering blood sugars.
vaccinated animal is not always immune. If
Hypothermia - Hipotermia the body did not respond appropriately to the Intermediate Host – Portador Intermediario
An abnormally low body temperature. vaccine or if the vaccine was not A host (animal, insect, snail etc) that
administered correctly, immunity may not harbours a parasite only for a short transition
Hypothyroidism - Hipotiroidismo be stimulated. period, during which (usually) some
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid developmental stage is completed.
gland, which regulates metabolism, Immunodeficiency - Inmunodeficiencia
malfunctions and stops producing enough Immunological disorder in which the body's Intestine - instestino
thyroid hormone. Usually affecting middle- immune system is inadequate and resistance The portion of the gastrointestinal tract
aged dogs, the symptoms that can often be to infectious diseases is reduced. Can be extending from the stomach to the anus. It is
chronic, include hair loss or poor coat, caused by viral infections such as feline usually divided into two segments, the small
weight gain, muscle loss, and lethargy. It immunodeficiency virus in cats. intestine and the large intestine.
can be effectively treated with medication. Immunosuppressive - Inmunodepresor
Pertaining to a substance that suppresses the Intracellular - Intracelular
Hypoxia - Hipoxia immune system. Inside the cell.
Deficiency in the amount of oxygen
delivered to the body tissues. Inactivated Vaccine – Vacuna Inactivada Intracranial - intracraneal
Vaccines which are made by taking the real, Inside the cranial cavity or head.
Icterus - Ictericia disease-causing viruses (or bacteria), killing
Also known as jaundice. It is a yellow them, and putting them into a liquid base. Intramuscular - Intramuscular
discoloration of the skin, mucous Also called a killed vaccine. Into the muscle. Generally, relates to the
membranes or whites of the eyes due to site an injection is given.
excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood. Incontinence - Incontinencia
Loss of control over urination or defecation. Intranasal - Intranasal
IDDM – Diabetes dependiente de insulina Into the nose. This is an effective way of
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a form Incubation Period - Período de Incubación vaccinating dogs against canine cough.
of diabetes in which patients have little or no The period between infection and the
ability to produce insulin and are therefore appearance of clinical signs of the disease. Intravenous - Intravenoso
entirely dependent on insulin injections. Into the vein. Generally, relates to the site
Infection - Infección of injection of drugs or fluids.
Idiopathic - Idiopático Pathological state resulting from the
Disease arising from an unknown cause. invasion of the body by microorganisms, Intussusception - Invaginación
such as bacteria or viruses. Serious disorder in which part of the
Ileus – Ileo paralitico intestine slides, or telescopes, into another
Lack motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Infestation - Infestación part of the intestine. This often blocks the
Refers to the state of being invaded or intestine, preventing food or fluid from
Immune System – Sistema Inmunológico overrun by parasites. passing through.
The system that protects the body from
foreign substances, cells, and infections. Inflammation - Inflamación Iris - Iris
A local response to injury that is The colored portion of the eye is called the
Immune-Mediated – Inmuno-Mediada characterized by redness, heat, pain, iris. In the center of the iris is the black
Describes conditions which result from swelling, and often loss of function. opening called the pupil.
abnormal activity of the body's immune
system. For example, immune mediated Inherited - Heredada Jaundice - Ictericia
hemolytic anemia (IMHA), is a disease in Tending to occur among members of a Also called icterus, meaning that a yellow
which the body's immune system destroys family. Genetically transmitted features. pigment is found in the blood and in the

tissues. It is most easily seen in the gums unbalanced diet in which certain nutrients
and the whites of eyes. It can be caused by Large Intestine – Intestino Grueso are lacking, in excess, or in the wrong
destruction of red blood cells, liver disease The portion of the intestine that connects the proportions.
and obstruction of the bile duct. small intestine to the anus. The large
intestine is made up of the caecum, colon Mammary - Mamario
Jejunum - Yeyuno and rectum. Pertaining to the mammary gland or breast
The second part of the small intestine. The tissue.
jejunum extends from the duodenum (first Larva (plural larvae) – Larva (Larvas)
part of the small intestine) to the ileum (the A distinct juvenile form many animals (such Mandible - Mandíbula
final part of the small intestine). as insects or parasites) undergo before The lower jaw.
metamorphosis into adults.
Jugular - Yugular Mange - Sarna
Pertaining to the neck. The jugular veins Larynx - Laringe Any of several skin diseases of mammals
carry deoxygenated blood from the head Also known as the voicebox, it is located at caused by parasitic mites that burrow into
back to the heart. the entrance to the trachea (or windpipe). the skin or hair follicles. It is characterized
The larynx acts to control the flow of air to by skin lesions, itching and loss of hair.
Keratitis - Queratitis the trachea and food and water to the
Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea (the esophagus. Mast Cell Tumor – Tumor de mastocito
clear part of the eye). The cornea becomes Mast cell tumors are a type of cancer that
cloudy, resulting in loss of transparency. All Latent - Latente generally occurs on the skin surface of dogs.
types of keratitis must be treated by a A dormant stage of disease occurring These tumors often present themselves as a
veterinarian. between exposure to a disease-causing agent pink lump if it's on the surface of the skin or
and the onset of the disease. a lump if under the skin. Mast cell tumors
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Lens Luxation – Luxación del lente can be very aggressive and can spread to the
Queratoconjuntivitis seca intraocular liver, spleen, or bone marrow. Prompt
Known as dry eye, is a condition that results This inherited problem is a displacement of surgical removal is recommended for this
from the inadequate production of tears. the lens from its normal position and can type of cancer.
lead to secondary complications such as
Ketoacidosis - cetoacidosis glaucoma and subsequent blindness. Surgery Masticate - masticar
A life-threatening condition associated with is required to correct this problem. Mastication or chewing is the process by
uncontrolled diabetes. which food is crushed and ground by teeth.
Liver - Hígado
Kidney disease – Enfermedad de los riñones A large organ in the front of the abdomen Mastitis - Mastitis
There are two main forms of kidney disease, that is responsible for the detoxification of Refers to swelling, inflammation, and
acute renal disease and chronic renal blood, the production of certain digestive infection of the mammary glands.
disease. Acute renal disease occurs suddenly enzymes and bile.
and is often caused by toxins, infections and Lymph Nodes – Ganglios linfáticos Maternal Antibody - Anticuerpo materno
changes within a pet’s body that reduce the Small glands composed of white blood cells Antibodies acquired by a newborn animal
blood supply to the kidneys. Whilst, chronic called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes play a via the placenta or colostrum (antibody-rich
renal disease develops over a longer time critical role in the immune system by milk) of the mother.
and is often a found in older pets. If there is destroying infectious agents (such as viruses
sufficient kidney damage clinical signs of and bacteria) and producing antibodies. Megacolon - Megacolon
kidney failure will be seen, such as A functional disorder that is defined as
increased drinking and urination. Various Malabsorption Syndrome - síndrome de dilation of the colon or large intestine. This
medications and dietary changes are used to malabsorción leads to infrequent and difficult passage of
manage dogs and cats with kidney failure. Defined as an animal’s inability to absorb faeces and constipation.
the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it
needs from food. Melaena - Melena
Killed Vaccine – Vacuna inactivada Darkening of the faeces by digested blood
Also known as inactivated vaccines. Malignant - Maligno pigments. Typically, the faeces look black in
Vaccines which are made by taking the real, Refers to becoming worse and even color.
disease-causing viruses (or bacteria), killing resulting in death. Malignant tumors are
them, and putting them into a liquid base. cancerous growths which expand quickly Metacarpus - Metacarpo
and can metastasize or spread to other areas The long bones in the front foot connecting
Lactation - Lactancia of the body. the toes to the bones of the wrist (carpus).
The secretion of milk from the mammary
gland and the period of time that a mother Malnutrition - Desnutrición Metastasis - Metástasis
lactates to feed her young. A condition that results from taking an The spread of disease from one area of the

body to another. Normally used in the Pertaining to the muscles and skeleton Vaccines that should be administered to
context of a cancerous tumour spreading via (bones). animals assessed to be at risk of that disease.
the bloodstream or lymphatic system. For example, leptospirosis and canine cough
Myasthenia Gravis – Miastenia grave in dogs or feline leukemia and FIV in cats.
Metatarsus - Metatarso Neuromuscular disease in which severe
The long bones in the back foot connecting muscle weakness is the primary sign. It is Non-pathogenic – No patógenos
the toes to the bones of the ankle (tarsus). caused by an inability of certain nerve Not capable of causing disease.
receptors to function properly.
Microfilaria - Microfilaria Nutraceutical - Nutraceútico
The larval form of some parasitic worms. Mydriasis - Midriasis A term combining the words “nutrition” and
For example, heartworm microfilariae Large or dilated pupil size. “pharmaceutical”. It is used to describe a
circulate in the bloodstream of infected food or part of a food that allegedly provides
dogs. Myelogram - Mielograma medicinal or health benefits.
Radiograph (x-ray) of the spinal cord taken
Microorganism - Microorganismo after a radio-opaque dye has been injected Nutrient - Nutriente
A microscopic, single-celled organism. into the space around the spinal cord. Any substance which has nutritious
Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi and qualities.
viruses. Myocardium - Miocardio
Muscle of the heart. Nystagmus Nistagmo
Mitral Valve Disease – Enfermedad de la Involuntary eye movement. Nystagmus can
valvular mitral Nebulise - Nebulizar be horizontal, vertical or rotary.
A common cause of heart failure in dogs, To convert a liquid into a spray for
Mitral Valve disease is more likely to affect inhalational treatments. Obsessive Compulsive – Obsesivo
smaller and older dogs. The mitral valve Necropsy - Necropsia compulsivo
separates the left atrium and left ventricle, Also known as an autopsy or post-mortem A behavioral condition in which a pet
and functions to prevent the back flow of examination. It refers to the examination of repeatedly performs an action out of context.
blood between the chambers. If the valves an animal after death.
are misshapen they do not form a tight seal Ocular - Ocular
and blood is allowed to flow backwards Necrosis - Necrosis Pertaining to the eye.
from the ventricle to the atrium. Progression Premature death of cells and living
of the disease can result in congestive heart biological tissue. Oedema - Edema
failure, with dogs showing clinical signs of The medical term for fluid retention in the
coughing, reduced exercise tolerance, Nematodes - Nematodos body, causing swelling to occur in the
reduced appetite, and a pot-bellied Also known as roundworms. affected area.
appearance due to the accumulation of fluid
in the abdomen. Medication can alleviate Neoplasia - Neoplasia Oesophagus - Esófago
the control clinical signs and provide an A class of disease in which a group of cells The part of the intestinal tract between the
improved quality of life. display uncontrolled growth, invasion that mouth and stomach.
intrudes upon and destroys adjacent tissues,
Mucolytic - Mucolíticos and sometimes spreads to other locations in Opioid - Opioide
Medications capable of breaking down or the body. Can be used to describe malignant A synthetic narcotic that resembles naturally
reducing the viscosity of mucus. or benign tumors. occurring opium.
Mucosa - Mucosa Neuropathy - Neuropatía Osteodystrophy - Osteodistrofia

Thin layer of tissue lining cavities that are A condition involving a dysfunction of the Osteodystrophy is the general term for
exposed to the external environment and nerves. defective bone development that is usually
internal environment (such as the mouth, attributable to renal disease or an imbalance
urinary bladder, eyelids). Also known as Neuter - Castrar in the calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
mucous membranes. Also known as desexing. It involves the Symptoms may not be diagnosed until renal
surgical removal of the testes in males or the disease is apparent, but bone deformation
Mucous Membranes – Membranas mucosas ovaries and uterus in females. can develop. Treatment may include dietary
Thin layer of tissue lining cavities that are supplements; however, it is a chronic
exposed to the external environment and Nodule - Nódulo condition.
internal environment (such as the mouth, Nodules are solid lumps or bumps found on
urinary bladder, eyelids). Also known as an animal's skin. Osteomyelitis - Osteomielitis
mucosa. Term to describe an infection of the bone or
Non-core Vaccine – Vacunas bone marrow.
Musculoskeletal - Muscoesqueletal complementarias

Osteosarcoma - Osteosarcoma A small solid bump rising from the skin that The region of the body between the genitals
Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer, most is usually less than 1 centimeter in diameter. and the anus.
commonly found in middle aged to older
large breed dogs. The cancer commonly Paralysis - Paralisis Peritoneum - Peritoneo
spreads to the lungs. Symptoms include Refers to loss of motor function due to A thin membrane that lines the abdominal
lameness, pain of any of the bones, brittle impairment of muscles or nerves. and pelvic cavities and covers most
bones (that break with minimal trauma), abdominal organs.
swelling of a limb, difficulty breathing, Parasiticide - Parasiticida
coughing & exercise intolerance. A substance used to destroy parasites. Peritonitis - Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum.
Otic - Ótico Parasites. Parásitos
Relating to the ear. Phalanges - Falanges
Parenterally - Parenteralmente The bones that are in the toes.
Ototoxic - Ototóxico Refers to the administration of a drug into
Damaging to the structures of the ear. the body through some way other than the Pheromone -Feromona
digestive tract, such as subcutaneous or Chemicals released by an animal enabling it
Ovulate - Ovular intravenous injection. to communicate with other members of its
The release of an egg from the ovary of the own species.
female. Paresis - Paresia
Refers to partial loss of motor function due Photosensitivity - Fotosensibilidad
Oxytocin - Oxitocina to impairment of muscles or nerves. Refers to an increase in the reactivity of the
A hormone that stimulates the uterus to skin to sunlight. It can cause reddening and
contract during birth and the mammary Parturition - Parto blistering of the skin.
glands to release milk. Term used to describe delivery of a baby or
giving birth. Pica - Pica
Packed Cell Volume (PCV) - Biomasa Passive Immunity – Inmunidad pasiva A pattern of eating non-food materials (such
The volume of blood cells in a sample of The transfer of antibodies from one as dirt or rocks).
blood after it has been centrifuged The PCV, individual to another. It can occur naturally,
or hematocrit, is expressed as a percentage. when maternal antibodies are transferred to Placebo - Placebo
For example, normal for dogs is 40-59% and the newborn animal in colostrum, and can A dummy medication or treatment.
for cats is 29-50%. also be transferred artificially, such as a
plasma transfusion. Plaque - Placa
Palatable - Gustoso A biofilm that develops naturally on the
Acceptable to the taste; readily eaten. Pathogenic - Patogénico teeth. It is formed by colonizing bacteria
Causing disease. Used to describe bacteria trying to attach itself to the smooth surface
Palpation - Palpado which are capable of causing disease. of a tooth.
The act of feeling with the hand or fingers. Pathologist - Patólogo Platelets - Plaquetas
A phase of the physical examination in Person who specializes in the diagnosis of Are found in the blood of animals and
which the sense of touch is used to gather diseases through the examination of animal functions to promote blood clotting. Also
information essential for diagnosis. tissue and body fluids. known as thrombocytes.
Pancreatitis - Pancreatitis Patellar Luxation – Luxación Patelar Polyarthritis - Poliartritis

A term that describes inflammation of the Patella luxation is a condition in which the The term means inflammation of more than
pancreas. Clinical signs include vomiting, knee-cap no longer glides within its natural one joint. Often used in the context of
lethargy and a painful abdomen. groove and can become evident at any age. infectious or immune-mediated diseases.
It is believed that it is an inherited problem
Pannus - Pannus which is more common in smaller breeds, Polydactyl - Poli dáctilo
Pannus is the common name for chronic however it can also result from trauma. Having more than the normal number of
superficial keratitis, a condition frequently Symptoms include intermittent skipping, toes.
seen in German Shepherd Dogs. Pannus is occasional hitch of the leg, or a persistent
thought to be an immune mediated condition weight bearing lameness. Polydipsia - Polidipsia
that is triggered or made worse by UV light. Excessive thirst and drinking.
Affected dogs develop scar tissue, Perianal Fistula – Fístula Perianal
pigmentation, and the new blood vessels on A painful condition of the skin surrounding Polyp - Pólipo
the cornea. Pannus is a life-long condition the anus, in which small tracts open up, An abnormal growth of tissue projecting
that is treated with topical eye medications. bleed and get infected. from a mucous membrane.
Papule - Pápula Perineal - Perineo Polyphagia - Polifagia

Excessive appetite and eating. Pulmonary Oedema – Edema pulmonar appearance. Dogs pick up ringworm when
The accumulation of fluid in the lungs. their skin comes into contact with the spores
Polyuria - Poliuria of the fungus. Spores are commonly found
Excessive production of urine. Pustule - Pústula in the soil or on cats. The spores can be
A small lump in the skin filled with pus. present on a cat even when it shows no
Postoperative - Postoperatorio symptoms. People can catch it by touching
After surgery or an operation. Pyoderma - Pioderma an infected pet. Treatment for ringworm in
Pyoderma is a bacterial infection of the skin. dogs may involve medicated dips,
Prepuce - Prepucio Most cases of pyoderma are limited to the shampoos, or ointments. Your dog may also
The fold of skin that covers the penis. upper most layers of skin (superficial need oral medication for one to two months.
pyoderma) although the infection can spread You may need to take other measures to
Progesterone - Progesterona to the lower tissues of the skin (the dermis) clear ringworm from the environment or
A hormone produced by the ovaries which is resulting in a deep pyoderma. The most prevent its spread.
responsible for the continuation of common clinical sign is red, itchy, scaly
pregnancy and a myriad of other functions. skin. There may be hair loss at the site, Roundworms. Gusanos redondos.
often due to self-trauma as the animal bites Usually spread in feces or during pregnancy
Prognosis - Pronóstico and scratches at the itchy skin. Most cases or nursing, the roundworm causes a serious
The forecasted outcome of a disease process of pyoderma are caused by an overgrowth of infection in dogs and puppies. The
or treatment. the dog’s normal skin bacteria and so are not roundworm eats the food of its host and may
contagious - that is they are not spread from cause diarrhea and other symptoms. In
Progressive Retinal Atrophy - Atrofia dog to dog. Instead pyoderma often occurs puppies, roundworms can be fatal.
Progresiva de la Retina due to an underlying condition such as a Prescription and over-the-counter
Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a atopy or food allergy. deworming products for dogs are very
genetic condition resulting in the effective. If people contract roundworms,
degeneration of the retina. The condition Pyometra - Piometra their symptoms can be even more serious
affects both eyes, resulting in a loss of vision An accumulation of pus within the uterus. than those in dogs.
and eventual blindness. The initial clinical Radiology - Radiología
sign is a decreased vision at night, with more A branch of veterinary science dealing with Sacrocaudal Dysgenesis – Disgenesia Sacro-
advance signs such as dilated pupils and the medical use of X-rays to diagnose and caudal
decreased pupillary light reflex being seen treat disease. Sacrocaudal dysgenesis is a genetic
as the condition progresses. There is no musculoskeletal disorder which has
treatment, but appropriate advice will help Recumbency - Decúbito developed as a result of the breeding of
maintain quality of life. Lying down. Manx cats. The vertebrae of the tail and the
sacrum are not developed properly. The
Prolapsed Rectum – Recto Prolapsado Regurgitation - Regurgitación spinal cord may also not be properly
Describes a medical condition where part of Expelling food from the oesophagus. developed or completely sealed. The cat has
the rectum protrudes through the anus. Renal - Renal a tailless or stumpy tail appearance and is
Pertaining to the kidneys. commonly called Manx Syndrome, after the
Protozoans -Protozoos tailless cat breed.
Any of a large group of single-celled Renal Insufficiency – Insuficiencia renal
organisms that live in water or as parasites. Also called renal failure, is when the Sebaceous Adenitis – Adenitis Sebácea
Examples include Giardia and Coccidia kidneys no longer function well enough to This is an uncommon autoimmune,
species. maintain a normal state of health. inflammatory skin disease that affects the
sebaceous glands of the hair follicles. The
Pruritus - Prurito Respiratory - Respiratorio glands, that excrete a fatty lubricating oil are
Itchiness. Pertaining to respiration, the exchange of destroyed, resulting in dried out and brittle
oxygen and carbon dioxide. skin. This can lead to skin lesions along the
Psittacine - Psitácidas back and ears and symptoms include silvery
Relating to, resembling, or characteristic of Retina - Retina dandruff, hair loss which has a “moth eaten”
parrots. Term referring to the light-sensitive layer of appearance to the coat, a dull and brittle coat
tissue at the back of the inner eye. and facial swelling. Management of the
Pulmonary - Pulmonar
Pertaining to the lungs. disease is generally washing with antibiotic
Ringworm - Tiña shampoos and soaking in mineral oils,
Refers to a fungal skin infection caused by a however, results can vary greatly.
Pulmonary Arteries – Arterias pulmonares fungus. In dogs, ringworm often presents as
The artery that carries blood with low levels a dry, gray, scaly patch, although it may
of oxygen from the heart to the lungs. Sebaceous Cysts – Quistes sebáceos
cause no symptoms at all. In people, it forms Sebaceous cysts are a benign, non-painful
a round, red lesion with a ring-like lumps. Usually found on the head, neck,

body and upper legs, they are smooth, reaction in dogs from food, carpeting, vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, the
generally round and vary in size. blankets, dust mites, mould spores in the air bladder, or the uterus.
to pollen, plastic food dishes, furniture
Sebaceous Glands – Glándulas sebáceas stuffing and ornamental plants. Symptoms Solar Dermatitis or Collie Nose – Dermatitis
Microscopic gland in the skin that secrete an can include excessive scratching, licking & solar o nariz de Collie
oily/waxy substance. chewing of paws/limbs which can lead to Sunburn is the cause of this disease and
poor wound healing with secondary results in scaly lesions. Repeated exposure
Seborrhea - Seborrea infections becoming a problem. Treatments can lead to further skin problems. This
Seborrhoea is a skin condition that results in vary depending on the severity, but topical condition mainly effects short coated or
excessively greasy (seborrhoea oleosa) or medications & oral medication is often lightly pigmented hair breeds. Ointments are
excessively scaly skin (seborrhoea sicca), required. often prescribed to stop inflammation, but
often with associated inflammation. It is sunscreen lotions are a preventative
possible for dogs to have both greasy and Skin Cytology – Citología de la piel measure.
scaly skin at the same time on different The microscopic examination of cells that
regions of the body. Suggested treatments have been collected from the skin. Spay (ovariohysterectomy) - Esterilizacion
are medicated shampoo and topical and oral (Ovariohisterectomia)
medication. Skin Fold Dermatitis – Dermatitis del Term referring to the surgical removal of the
pliegue cutaneo reproductive organs (ovaries and uterus) of
Separation Anxiety – Ansiedad de A common problem, skin fold dermatitis can the female animal.
separación affect many breeds of dogs. It is particularly
Is a behavioural condition where dogs, when common in short muzzle or pug dogs plus Sphincter - Esfínter
left alone, exhibit distress and behavioural dogs with loose skin areas on the neck, trunk A ring of muscle which holds any kind of
problems. and legs where skins folds onto skin. biological opening closed.
Rubbing and friction between the skin
Sepsis - Sepsis layers, combining this with moisture and the Spleen - Bazo
A toxic state caused by the absorption of presence of bacteria, can lead to severe A large abdominal organ with important
pathogenic microorganisms and their lesions and sores in the folds of the skin. roles in regard to red blood cells and the
products into the bloodstream or tissues. Symptoms can be moist to damp feeling in immune system.
the folds of skin often accompanied by a
Septicaemia - Septicemia putrid smell and hot to the touch, lesions, Stasis - Estasis
A toxic state caused by the absorption of excessively dry and brittle hair or hair loss Refers to the state in which the normal flow
pathogenic microorganisms and their and dry, puffy, and darkly pigmented skin. of a body liquid stops, for example the flow
products into the bloodstream. Treatment can be using antibacterial of intestinal contents through the digestive
shampoo, complete drying of the folds using tract.
Serology - Serología drying solutions and topical or oral
Refers to blood tests that detect the presence antibiotic. Status Epilepticus – Estado epiléptico
of antibodies against an antigen or A very serious neurological condition in
microorganism. Skin Scraping – Raspado de piel which the brain experiences a prolonged
seizure, or a series of prolonged seizures
Serum - Suero A diagnostic test used in almost every skin without a full return to consciousness in
The clear yellowish fluid obtained upon condition. The skin is scraped, and the between.
separating whole blood into its solid and material examined under a microscope.
liquid components after it has been allowed Stenosis - Estenosis
to clot. Skin Tumours – Tumores de piel Also known as a stricture, is an abnormal
Skin tumors are very common in dogs and narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular
Shedding – Descamación most are benign. They appear in or on the or structure, such as the intestine.
A term used to describe the release of skin as a lump or in the soft tissue lying just
organisms (bacteria, protozoa, viruses) into between the skin and underlying fat, muscle Struvite - Estruvita
the environment from an infected animal. or bone. They can be caused by many Also known as ammonium magnesium
different things, including infection phosphate. Struvite can form stones in the
Skin Allergies – Alergias de la piel (bacterial, viral or fungal), cancer or the urinary bladder.
Skin allergies are among one of the most simple accumulation and compaction of fat.
common health problems in dogs. Resulting Early identification of the cause is crucial to Subcutaneous - Hipodérmico
from allergic, environmental, infectious, prevent the situation becoming more serious. Under the skin.
neurogenic, nutritional and parasitic factors,
they vary from acute to chronic or long- Smooth Muscle – Musculo liso Subluxation - Subluxación
lasting problems requiring life-time A special type of muscle responsible for the Refers to incomplete or partial dislocation of
treatment. Many triggers can start an allergic contractility of hollow organs, such as blood a joint.

The animal equivalent of an ankle. It is also to the level of antibodies in blood to a
Syncope - Sincope known as the hock. particular antigen.
Sudden loss of consciousness, or fainting.
Tartar - Sarro Topical - Tópico
Synovial Joint – Articulación sinovial A build-up of bacteria, saliva, and food on To be applied to external body surfaces such
Is the most movable and widespread type of the teeth which becomes mineralised, as the skin.
joint throughout the body. Examples include forming a hard coating and eventually
the knee, elbow and hip. causing gum disease and possibly tooth loss. Toxaemia - Toxemia
A generic term for the presence of toxin in
Systemic - Sistémico Tear Duct Problems – Problemas del the blood.
Pertaining to or affecting the whole body conducto lagrimal
rather than localised. Blockage of the tear ducts can be a Tracheobronchitis - Traqueobronquitis
congenital problem or can occur due to Refers to inflammation of the trachea and
Tachycardia - Taquicardia acquired conditions such as infections, bronchi.
Refers to a faster than normal resting heart dental disease, or cancer. When the tear
rate. ducts become blocked tears run down the Tumor - Tumor
face. Constant wetting of the skin around the A tumor is an abnormal growth of body
Tachypnoea - Taquipnea eyes due to the overflow of tears can tissue. Tumors can be cancerous (malignant)
Refers to a faster than normal resting predispose the dog to developing skin or non-cancerous (benign).
respiratory, or breathing, rate. infections in this area.
Ulcer - Ulcera
Tapeworms (Dogs). Tenias. Temporomandibular Joint - Articulación A defect of the skin, cornea or mucous
Dogs get tapeworms from licking temporomandibular membrane caused by the loss of damaged
themselves and swallowing fleas, which The joint where the lower jaw bone, or the tissue.
carry them. Tapeworms absorb some of the mandible, meets the skull.
dog’s nutrients from the intestine where they Ultrasound - Ultrasonido
attach. The tapeworm is made up of small Thrombocytopaenia - Trombocitopenia A technique used to produce an image of a
segments, each about the size of a grain of The medical term that refers to a low or deep structure within the body by directing
rice. These are passed in feces and can reduced platelet count. ultrasound waves at it and recording the
sometimes be seen around the dog’s anus. reflections (echoes) from it.
An injection or tablet can kill tapeworms. Thromboembolism / Saddle Thrombus -
Humans can also get tapeworms, but people Tromboembolismo Umbilicus - Ombligo
don't get them from an infected pet. A thrombus is a blood clot that forms within Also known as the belly button. The
Tapeworms (Cats). Tenias. a blood vessel. If the blood clot becomes umbilicus is where the umbilical cord
One of the most common feline health dislodged it can be carried in the attaches to the fetus during pregnancy.
problems inside your cat, tapeworms live in bloodstream and cause a blockage. When
kitty's small intestine and sometimes grow this occurs, it is known as a Urate - Urato
as long as 2 feet. that said, tapeworms are thromboembolism. Blockage of a blood Salt derived from uric acid. Urate can form
segmented and usually break apart when vessel due to a thromboembolism stops stones in the urinary bladder.
expelled. It's very unlikely to see a full oxygen getting to the tissues supplied by
worm. You will usually see the segments. that vessel, and also prevents the removal of Urea - Urea
Symptoms of a tapeworm infection can be waste products from these tissues. This Is a compound which is essentially the waste
subtle but may include vomiting and weight condition is most frequently reported in cats produced when the body metabolises
loss. The easiest way to tell if your cat has with heart disease, where the most common protein.
tapeworms is to look at its feces, around its site for the clot to lodge is in the large blood
anus and in bedding. Usually tapeworms vessels supplying the hind legs. Lodging of Urinary Incontinence – Incontinencia
come out of your cat's anus while it is the blood vessels here results in paralysis of urinaria
sleeping or relaxed. If you see small white the legs and severe pain. Loss of voluntary control of urination.
worms or what look like grains of rice or
sesame seeds, your cat likely has Ticks. Garrapatas Urinary Obstruction – Obstrucción urinaria
tapeworms. Treatment options include A term to describe one of many different
injection, oral, or topical medication. But Tissue - Tejido conditions that disrupt normal urine flow
because cats almost always get tapeworms Is an organised group of cells, not from the body.
as a result of swallowing a flea, be sure to necessarily identical, that together carry out
handle any flea problems your cat has before a specific function. Urticaria - Urticaria
tackling tapeworms. Also known as hives. Raised, itchy areas of
Titre - Titulo skin that are usually a sign of an allergic
Tarsus - Tarso Measure of concentration. Normally refers reaction.

A small infectious agent that is unable to A term used to describe any disease or
Uveitis - Uveítis replicate outside a living animal cell. infection that is naturally transmissible from
Refers to inflammation of the middle layer animals to humans.
of the eye. Volvulus - Vólvulo Zoonosis – Zoonosis.
Abnormal twisting of the intestines or Diseases of animals transmissible to
Vaccination - Vacunación stomach. This can be a life-threatening humans.
The administration of a vaccine to stimulate condition due to the loss of blood supply and
immunity to a disease. accumulation of toxic gases and fluids in the
portion of the obstructed bowel segment.
Vaccine Failure – Fracaso de la vacuna
A vaccine failure is when an animal Vomiting. Vómito.
develops a disease in spite of being Vomiting is a very common problem with
vaccinated against it. There is usually cats with a multitude of causes. They range
nothing wrong with the vaccine, but for from eating something poisonous or inedible
some reason, the animal's immune system (like string), to infection, urinary tract
did not adequately respond to it. disease, or diabetes to hairballs.
Symptoms are usually obvious, and include
Vasculitis - Vasculitis drooling and abdominal heaving. Vomiting
Inflammation of blood vessels. can quickly leave your cat dehydrated, so if
kitty continues vomiting or acts ill, call your
Vasoconstriction – Vasoconstricción vet right away. It may help to collect a
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing sample of your cat's vomit and take it with
(constriction) of blood vessels by muscles in you to the vet.
their walls.
Whelping - Parto
Vasodilation - Vasodilatación The act of a dog giving birth.
Vasodilation is the widening (dilation) of
blood vessels by the relaxation of the White Blood Cells – Células Blancas
muscles in their walls. Are cells of the immune system involved in
defending the body against both infectious
Vena Cava – Vena Cava agents (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) and
The cranial vena cava is the large vein foreign materials.
which returns blood to the heart from the
head, neck and both upper limbs. The caudal Window of Susceptibility – Ventana de
vena cava returns blood to the heart from the susceptibilidad
lower part of the body. A time period in the life of a young animal
in which the maternal antibodies are too low
Ventral Comedone Syndrome - Síndrome to provide protection against a certain
del comedón ventral disease, but too high to allow a vaccine to
This mostly cosmetic problem, is where work and produce immunity.
comedones (known as blackheads) form as
small boil-like blisters, swell then drain and Whipworms. Lombrices.
reform on a regular basis. Occasionally, Whipworms live in the area where the small
however, the comedones can become the and large intestines meet. Here, they suck
target of bacterial infection which begins to the blood of their hosts. Dogs can pick them
affect the surrounding skin at a rapid rate. If up from contaminated soil or by grooming.
a secondary bacterial infection occurs Whipworms can be quite serious and cause
antibiotic treatment may be necessary. bloody diarrhea when there are large
numbers embed in the intestine. Some
Ventricle - Ventrículo heartworm preventives are effective against
The large, muscular chambers of the heart whipworms, and an oral dewormed is
that pump blood to the body or lungs. effective at eliminating whipworms
Vestibular System – Sistema vestibular X-ray – Rayos X

System comprised of the inner ear, nerves High-energy electromagnetic radiation used
and brain, that provides a sense of balance. to take radiographs.
Virus - Virus Zoonotic - Zoonótica

1
COVID-19 Glossary
Aerosol: suspension of tiny particles or droplets in the air, such as dust, mist, or fumes. These particles may be inhaled or absorbed by the skin and
can sometimes cause adverse health effects for workers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2010).
Airborne transmission: the spread of an infectious agent caused by the dissemination of aerosols that remain infectious when suspended in air over
long distances (greater than one meter) and time. Some medical procedures can produce aerosolized droplets, and if performed on COVID-19
patients, the aerosols may contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus and could be inhaled by other individuals (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020a).
Antibodies: molecules produced by the immune system to fight infection. People who have recovered from COVID-19 develop antibodies to the virus
which could be used to help treat others who are infected and help researchers develop vaccines to prevent infection (National Institute for Health
[NIH], 2020a). At this time, researchers do not know if the presence of antibodies indicates an individual is immune to SARS-CoV-2 in the future, or
how long immunity might last.
Antibody test: Also called a serology test, this checks to see if you have antibodies in your blood that show that you were previously infected with
the virus. This test will not indicate if an individual has a current infection and should not be used to diagnose COVID-19.
Antigen test: A type of diagnostic test that checks to see if you're currently infected. The test looks for proteins (antigens) in a sample taken from
your nose or throat. Antigen tests are faster than PCR tests, but they have a higher risk of false positives (meaning that they’re more likely to say you
have the infection when you don’t). This may also be called a rapid test or rapid diagnostic test.
Antiviral medications: drugs that inhibit viral entry, viral membrane fusion, or viral replication. Antiviral therapies are being evaluated to treat
COVID-19 and early data suggests these drugs may have the greatest effect in the earlier stages of the disease (NIH, 2020b). As of September 9, 2020,
there are no drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of COVID-19.
ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. a condition in which fluid builds up in the air sacs of the lungs. The fluid prohibits the lungs from getting
enough air, leading to a deprivation of oxygen in the bloodstream. The condition is often fatal. a life-threatening disease, characterized by an acute
onset of hypoxia and pulmonary infiltrates, and brought on by conditions such as sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, burns, pancreatitis, and blood
transfusion (Haskell, 2020). ARDS causes diffuse lung inflammation which leads to increased pulmonary vascular permeability, pulmonary edema,
and alveolar epithelial injury (Haskell, 2020). COVID-19 patients may go on to develop ARDS but the presentation and management is not typical
(Dabrow-Woods, 2020).
Asymptomatic: not exhibiting signs or symptoms of illness. Lack of symptoms. It is possible to contract the coronavirus and make antibodies to it
even if you stay asymptomatic. It is also possible to spread the virus to others if you're carrying it but have no symptoms. In the case of COVID-19,
this means absence of fever, dry cough, sore throat, shortness of breath and body aches, among other less common symptoms. Notably, it is
recommended that individuals do not get tested unless they exhibit symptoms because of the risk of false negatives. In other words, most tests will
not be accurate unless symptoms are present.
CDC: The Centers for Disease Control. The United States' federal health protection organization.
CFR: Case Fatality Rate. The proportion of individuals with a particular condition (case) who die from that condition. It is a measure of the severity of
the condition (CDC, 2012).
2
Clinical trial: research experiments on human participants designed to answer questions about new treatments; in the case of COVID-19 and
coronaviruses, the safety and efficacy of a potential vaccine.
Cluster: a grouping of disease cases in a geographic area during a set time period.
Communicable: similar in meaning as "contagious." Used to describe diseases that can be spread or transmitted from one person to another.
Community spread: the spread of a contagious disease in a geographic area in which there is no knowledge of how someone contracted the disease.
In other words, no known contact can be traced to other infected individuals.
Confirmed case: someone tested and confirmed to have COVID-19.
Confirmed positive case: in contrast to a presumptive positive case, this is confirmation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
of a positive COVID-19 test in an individual.
Congregate settings: public places that can get crowded and where contact with infected people can happen. This includes places like malls,
theaters, and grocery stores.
Contact tracing: a disease control measure. Public health workers known as contact tracers work with infected people to identify anyone they had
close contact with while they were contagious. The exposed contacts are then informed that they might be carrying the coronavirus and advised to
stay home for 14 days while monitoring themselves for symptoms.
Contactless: without contact; for example, “contactless delivery” would include leaving purchased items at the entryway of a home rather than
handing it directly to a person.
Containment area: a geographical zone with limited access in or out in an effort to contain an outbreak.
Convalescent plasma therapy: a treatment that involves taking blood from someone who has antibodies to a disease, separating out the clear liquid
part (plasma), and then giving it to someone who is sick with the same illness. This technique has been used to treat many different diseases but is
still considered experimental for treating COVID-19.
Convalescent plasma: plasma donated by individuals who have fully recovered from a disease and whose blood contains antibodies to that disease.
This plasma may be administered to hospitalized patients currently fighting the disease and may help them recover.
Coronavirus: a family of related viruses. Many of them cause respiratory illnesses. Coronaviruses cause COVID-19, SARS (severe acute respiratory
syndrome), MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), and some strains of influenza, or flu. The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is officially called
SARS-CoV-2, which stands for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Also known as a CoV, is typically spread between animals and
humans—an event known as zoonotic transfer—and they are named for the term “corona”—Latin for crown—which refers to the shape of the virus
when observed microscopically.
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019, formerly referred to as “2019 novel coronavirus” or “2019-nCoV”, is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 and spreads
from person to person through respiratory droplets. COVID-19 illness can range from mild to severe with symptoms such as fever, chills, cough,
shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle/body aches, headache, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Severe illness can lead to hospitalization, ARDS, and increased morbidity and mortality.
Cytokine Storm: an acute systemic inflammatory syndrome, or an excessive immune response, characterized by fever and multiple organ
dysfunction (Porter & Maloney, 2019) that often develops after a severe viral infection. Some COVID-19 patients may experience a cytokine storm
which could explain the development of critical illness in some and not in others.
Diagnostic COVID-19 test: indicates whether an individual has a current, active infection. There are two types of diagnostic tests available for COVID-
19: molecular tests detect the presence of viral genetic material and antigen tests detect the presence of viral proteins.
Drive-thru testing: instead of visiting a doctor's office or other indoor health care facility, patients pull up in their cars to a specific outdoor site
where diagnostic and/or antibody tests for COVID-19 are done. Health care providers stand outside and do testing through car windows.
3
Droplet transmission: respiratory infections can be transmitted through droplets of different sizes. If the droplet particles are greater than five-ten
micrometers in diameter, they are referred to as respiratory droplets (WHO, 2020b). If the particles are less than five micrometers in diameter, they
are referred to as droplet nuclei. Based on current evidence, COVID-19 virus is primarily transmitted between people through respiratory droplets
and contact routes (WHO, 2020b).
Droplet: a tiny moist particle that is released when you cough or sneeze. You may get the coronavirus if you’re close to someone who is carrying it
and your mouth, nose, or eyes come into contact with droplets they have released.
Endemic: the amount of a particular disease that is usually present in a community, the baseline, expected or observed level of the disease. It is the
constant presence or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area (CDC, 2012).
Epidemic curve: a graph or chart depicting the progression of an outbreak in a particular population.
Epidemic: a significant and possibly sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in the community. A situation where more cases of disease
than expected happen in a given area or to a group of people.
Epidemiology: a branch of medicine which deals largely with public health, including the incidence, distribution, analysis and control of diseases.
Essential business: although this definition varies between cities and states based on individual restrictions, essential businesses are those that serve
a critical purpose, such as grocery stores, pharmacies, waste collection, health care providers, gas stations, banks, transportation and agriculture
services. This contrasts to non-essential businesses, which serve more recreational purposes.
EUA: Emergency Use Authorization. It allows the FDA to respond to public health threats such as chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear
(CBRN) agents by facilitating the availability and use of medical countermeasures (MCMs) needed during public health emergencies (FDA, 2020b).
Section 564 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act permits the FDA to allow unapproved medical products to be used in an emergency to
diagnose, treat, or prevent serious or life-threatening diseases caused by CBRN agents when there are no available alternatives (FDA, 2020b). The
following products have EUA authorization for COVID-19: In Vitro diagnostic products, molecular-based laboratory tests, SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests,
personal protective equipment, ventilators, drug and biological products (FDA, 2020b).
False negative result: a test indicating a negative result, but disease is present in the individual.
False positive result: a test indicating a positive result, but disease is not present in the individual.
FDA: Food and Drug Administration. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the Department of
Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food safety,
tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood
transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (ERED), cosmetics, animal foods & feed and veterinary products.
Flattening the curve: controlling the rate of new cases of COVID-19. The “curve” refers to a graph showing the number of cases of COVID-19 that
happen over a period of time. Many cases happening in a short period of time create a graph that looks like a tall spike. By using protective
measures, we can slow down how many new cases happen. This is the “flattening” of the curve – on the graph, the flattened curve winds up looking
more like a gentle hill. Too many new cases happening in a short time can create a serious problem. Hospital systems only have so many supplies, like
beds and PPE. There are also only so many doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers. Too many patients at one time can overwhelm these
resources. This means sick and injured people may not get needed treatment. Flattening the curve reduces the numbers of people needing
healthcare at one time. This allows hospitals to treat patients throughout the pandemic.
Forehead thermometer: a device that measures body temperature through hovering near or contact with the forehead rather than traditional
insertion.
4
Hand hygiene: refers to the act of cleansing or sanitizing your hands in an effort to keep you healthy and prevent the spread of infections from one
person to another. Washing your hands for at least 20 seconds or utilizing an alcohol-based hand sanitizer are both effective forms of hand hygiene.
Germs can spread from other people or surfaces when you touch your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands; prepare or eat food and drinks
with unwashed hands; touch a contaminated surface or objects; blow your nose, cough, or sneeze into hands and then touch other people’s hands or
common objects (CDC, 2020b). The CDC provides a list of key times to wash your hands.
Herd immunity: also known as community immunity, this is the reduction in risk of infection within a population, often because of previous exposure
or vaccination. A threshold proportion of immune individuals that should lead to a decline in incidence of infection, or a pattern of immunity that
should protect a population from invasion of a new infection (Fine, Eames & Heymann, 2011). Anywhere from 50% to 90% of the population would
have to have antibodies to COVID-19 in order for herd immunity to kick in.
Hydroxychloroquine: an oral drug, a medication used to treat or prevent malaria, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Its effectiveness in treating
patients with COVID-19 disease is still in question. The FDA originally granted emergency use to treat patients with COVID-19 based on very limited
data showing that it has activity against SARS-CoV-2. But the ruling was later removed because studies didn’t show that the drugs worked against
COVID-19 or that its benefits outweigh the risks.
Immune surveillance: the process of monitoring the immune system’s activities, which may include the detection and destruction of foreign
substances, cells or tissues.
Immunity types: there are two types of immunity [CDC, 2017]: 1)Active immunity results when exposure to a disease triggers the immune system to
produce antibodies to that disease. This occurs either through natural immunity or vaccine-induced immunity. 2) Passive immunity occurs when a
person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through their own immune system (i.e. newborn receives immunity from the
mother).
Immunity: is achieved through the presence of antibodies to that disease in a person’s system (CDC, 2017).
Immunocompromised: also called immune-compromised or immunodeficient. This describes someone who has an immune system that can't resist
or fight off infections as well as most people. This can be caused by several illnesses. Some treatments for illnesses can also cause someone to be
immunocompromised.
Immunosuppressed: an individual who experiences reduced efficacy of the immune system as a result of health conditions not related to COVID-19
disease. People who are immunosuppressed are at greater risk for hospitalization and severe sickness from the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Incubation period: as it relates to disease, is the time from exposure to a disease and the onset of initial symptoms. The incubation period for COVID-
19 is between 2 and 14 days, with a median time of 4-5 days from exposure to symptom onset.
Index case: the first documented case of an infectious disease.
Index patient: the first person infected with a disease in an epidemic. Interchangeable with the term “patient zero.”
Infection control: prevents or stops the spread of infections in healthcare settings. There are two tiers: standard precautions for all patient care and
transmission-based precautions used for patients with known or suspected infections, including contact precautions, droplet precautions, and
airborne precautions.
Infusion: a procedure that puts a medicine, blood, or fluid directly into your veins through an IV or catheter over a period of time.
Intensivist: a physician who specializes in treating patients who are in intensive care or in intensive care units.
Isolation: separation of a person or group of people known or reasonably believed to be infected with a communicable disease and potentially
infectious from those who are not infected (CDC, 2020c).
Lockdown: an emergency measure in which individuals are restricted from certain areas in an attempt to control exposure or transmission of
disease. In a lockdown during an epidemic, individuals are encouraged to stay home.
5
Long-hauler: a term used to describe individuals who contracted COVID-19 but whose symptoms linger for weeks or months as opposed to the
typical 14 days. Recovery is tentative, variable, and not guaranteed (Yong, 2020).
N95 respirator: unlike a surgical or cloth mask, N95 respirators (sometimes called N95 masks) are designed to prevent the wearer from breathing in
tiny particles. When fit properly, they filter out at least 95% of large and small particles.
National emergency: a state of emergency resulting from the global threat of the pandemic. On March 13, 2020, President Trump issued a national
emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak, which allowed for loosened restrictions on tele-health as well as certain requirements for hospitals
and health care providers to allow them to respond to the crisis.
Novel coronavirus: a new strain of coronavirus, or nCoV, that has never been detected in humans.
Outbreak: a sudden increase of a specific illness in a small area. Similar to an epidemic, but it usually refers to a group of cases within a smaller area.
Pandemic: a worldwide spread of an infectious disease, with larger reach than an epidemic. Until COVID-19, the last pandemic was the H1N1
influenza outbreak in 2009.
Patient zero: the first individual infected with a disease during an epidemic.
PCR test: stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction Test. This is a diagnostic test that determines if you are infected by analyzing a sample to see if it
contains genetic material from the virus.
PPE: Personal Protective Equipment refers to protective clothing, helmets, gloves, face shields, goggles, facemasks and/or respirators or other
equipment designed to protect the wearer from injury or the spread of infection or illness (FDA, 2020c). PPE used by healthcare providers caring for
COVID-19 patients includes surgical masks, N95 respirators, medical gloves and gowns (FDA, 2020c).
Person-to-person transmission: when a virus is spread between people, including physical contact or coughing and sneezing. This is in contrast to
when a virus is spread via animals or through contaminated objects or surfaces.
Physical distancing: the practice of maintaining greater space between oneself and others and/or avoiding direct contact with other people. With
respect to COVID-19 refers to maintaining at least 6 feet of physical space from others to decrease the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Presumptive positive case: an individual who has tested positive for COVID-19 by a local public health lab, but whose results are awaiting
confirmation from the CDC.
Presymptomatic: an infected individual who is not yet displaying symptoms of an illness or disease. The phase in which viral genetic material (i.e.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA) is detectable prior to the onset of symptoms. Researchers have found evidence that supports presymptomatic transmission of
COVID-19 (Furukawa, Brooks & Sobel, 2020).
PUI: Person Under Investigation, is an individual who is suspected of potentially having COVID-19.
Quarantine: sometimes called "isolation". Quarantines keep people away from each other to prevent the spread of disease. The practice of staying
home and away from others for 14 days after you've been exposed to COVID-19 to see if you get symptoms and avoid spreading the virus if you are
in fact carrying it. Stay-at-home orders are a type of quarantine. Governments sometimes order quarantines to keep healthy people from exposure
to infected people. They give rules to behavior and boundaries to movement.
R0, “R zero” or “R naught”: pronounced r-naught, this is the "basic reproductive number" of a contagious disease: the average number of additional
cases that directly result from a single person bringing it into a community. COVID-19 is believed to have an R0 of 2.2-2.7, which means that the first
person who has it in a community will likely infect two or three others, and those newly infected people will each go on to infect another two to
three people, rapidly spreading the virus. It refers to the average number of people that an individual with a virus can infect in a completely
susceptible population (Randolph & Barreiro, 2020). Scientists believe the R0 for COVID-19 falls between two and three; in other words, one person
can infect two to three people (WebMD, 2020a).
6
Rapid diagnostic test (rapid antigen test): immunoassay that detects the presence of a specific viral antigen, indicating a current viral infection.
Rapid tests are often used to diagnose respiratory pathogens such as influenza. The FDA has granted EUA for antigen tests that can be used at point-
of-care to identify SARS-CoV-2 in approximately 15 minutes (CDC, 2020d). These tests are performed on nasopharyngeal or nasal swab specimens
and results are more accurate when individuals are tested in the early stages of infection, when viral load is highest (CDC, 2020d).
Remdesivir: an antiviral drug made to treat Ebola (but never approved for that purpose), remdesivir is the first treatment to be granted full approval
by the FDA to treat COVID-19. Evidence shows that those treated with remdesivir recovered in about 11 days compared to 15 days for those treated
with a placebo.
Respirator: a device designed to protect individuals from inhaling something hazardous in the air, in this case, particulate that may be contaminated
with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
RT-PCR: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction test: molecular test used to detect the presence of genetic material of a virus. COVID-19
RT-PCR tests are performed on nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, blood, or stool samples. This diagnostic test is relatively accurate, but
results take time.
SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a highly infectious pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19.
Screening: the act of verifying symptoms and potential exposure before testing for the virus. This is not the same as a coronavirus test. This step
helps healthcare workers to decide if you actually need a coronavirus test. It’s a series of basic questions about your health condition and recent
history. Screening may also include other common healthcare procedures, like taking your temperature.
Self-isolation: also called self-quarantine. Separating yourself when you’re sick from healthy individuals to prevent spreading illness.
Self-quarantine: the act of refraining from any contact with other individuals for a period of time—in the case of COVID-19, two weeks—to observe
whether any symptoms of the disease will arise after potential exposure.
Sensitivity: with respect to testing, is the probability that an individual with the disease will test positive. A test that has high sensitivity will produce
fewer false negative results.
Serology test: also called an antibody test, this checks to see if you have antibodies in your bloodstream that indicate you had been infected with the
virus in the past.
Shelter-in-place: typically issued by local government, a shelter-in-place asks residents to remain at home and only leave to perform duties deemed
essential in an effort to slow transmission of and exposure to the virus.
Social distancing: also called physical distancing. It means putting space between yourself and other people at all times. The goal is to slow down
how fast an infection spreads. Stay-at-home orders are a way that the government can enforce social distancing. The CDC recommends keeping at
least six feet between you and others around you in public. Social distancing also includes avoiding crowds and groups in public.
Spanish flu: also known as the 1918 influenza pandemic, this was the most severe pandemic in recent history according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), with an estimated 500 million infections and 50 million deaths worldwide. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes
of an avian origin.
Specificity: with respect to testing, is the probability that an individual without the disease will test negative. A test that has high specificity will
produce fewer false positive results.
State of emergency: a declaration made by the governor of a state because a disaster is occurring or about to occur. Allows the governor to quickly
direct funds to protect the public during a crisis.
Stay-at-home order: restricts individuals from leaving their homes for anything other than essential activities such as medical care, to shop for food,
and to perform essential work. This type of order has been issued during the COVID-19 pandemic to limit the number of people exposed to the virus.
7
Super-spreader: a highly contagious individual who can spread an infectious disease to a large number of uninfected people through a network of
contacts.
Swab test: a type of diagnostic test that involves taking sample from the back of your nasal cavity so it can be analyzed in a lab to see if it contains
the virus. Also called a viral test.
Symptomatic: showing symptoms of COVID-19, which can include a fever, dry cough, shortness of breath and body aches. Health officials believe the
risk of transmitting the virus is highest when an individual is symptomatic.
Tocilizumab ( Actemra ): an immunosuppressant used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and is being used in trials to treat COVID-19. The coronavirus
appears to trigger an overactive immune response in some people, doing a lot of damage to organs and increasing the risk of death. This drug is
being used on clinical trials to counter that response.
Transmission: refers to the mechanism(s) by which an infectious agent may spread.
Trial: short for clinical trial, this is when researchers study a medical test or treatment in a set group of people to make sure it’s safe and effective
before giving it to the public.
Vaccine: a biological preparation of organisms that provides immunity to a particular infectious disease. Currently, there is no vaccine for COVID-19.
Variant: it means a change or alteration in the original. In the case of the coronavirus, a variant is a mutation in which the original virus has taken on
new characteristics.
Ventilator: a machine designed to move air in and out of the lungs for a patient who is physically unable to breathe or who is not breathing well.
Because COVID-19 can cause severe lower respiratory infection, ventilators are a critical machine for patients with severe disease.
Viral load: also called viral dose, viral load refers to the amount of virus you are exposed to. Someone who is exposed to a relatively small amount of
the coronavirus might not get any symptoms, while someone who is exposed to a large amount is more apt to get severe symptoms.
Viral shedding: occurs when a virus replicates inside an organism and is released into the environment. In COVID-19, it is suspected that SARS-CoV-2
is most contagious when symptoms are worse and viral shedding is high (WebMD, 2020b).
Viral test: also called diagnostic test, this checks to see if the active (live) virus is present in your body. In the case of COVID-19, this usually involves
taking a sample from the back of your nasal cavity (swab test) so it can be analyzed in a lab to see if it contains genetic material from the virus.
Virus: a tiny infectious organism made up of genetic material (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a protein coat. Viruses can't multiply on their own; they
reproduce by invading living cells and taking control of them.
WFH: an abbreviation of “working from home” or “work from home.”
WHO: World Health Organization. This United Nations organization monitors and protects public health around the world.
Zoonotic: this means that a disease was originally was detected in animal but is now infecting people also.
en-us es-xl POS Definition Context Synonym Translated Add to
synonym LTB
where Rule?
applicable
abundance of caution máxima cautela noun phrase Not applicable Nike deep cleaning WHQ buildings
in Beaverton area out of
Not applicable Not applicable
abundance of caution due to

COVID-19.
air filtration system sistema de filtración noun phrase Not applicable HEPA filters are on high-end
vacuums and other commercial
Not applicable Not applicable YES
del aire air filtration systems such as

airplanes.
airborne aéreo adjective transmitted by air The new coronavirus can likely
remain airborne for some time.
antibody anticuerpo noun a blood protein produced in

response to and counteracting a
A team of ten scientific
researchers from the Erasmus
specific antigen. Antibodies Medical Center in Rotterdam and

combine chemically with Utrecht University say they are
substances which the body the first in the world to discover
recognizes as alien, such as an antibody capable of fending off
bacteria, viruses, and foreign an infection by the Covid-19
substances in the blood variant of coronavirus.
basic hygiene higiene básica noun phrase Not applicable Preventing the spread of
coronavirus starts with basic
hygiene.
CDC CDC DNT Acronym for Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention, the
The CDC is the nation's health
protection agency - saving lives,
Centers for Disease
Control and
Centros para el
Control y la
leading national public health protecting people from health Prevention Prevención de
institute of the United States. threats, and saving money Enfermedades
through prevention.
Centers for Disease Centros para el proper noun the leading national public health
institute of the United States.
The Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention urged Americans
CDC CDC YES
Control and Prevention Control y la to cancel or postpone all

gatherings of 50 people or more.
Prevención de
Enfermedades
Chief Medical Officer director médico proper noun the most senior government
advisor on health related matters.
Coronavirus will kill Britons warns
Britain's Chief Medical Officer.
Not applicable The analogous figure
in Spain is a
YES
consulting
commitee: Consejo
Asesor de Sanidad y
Servicios Sociales
chronic condition enfermedad crónica noun phrase A chronic condition is a human

health condition or disease that is
Unlike treating an acute illness,
treatment for a chronic condition
persistent or otherwise long- often involves multiple

lasting in its effects or a disease approaches to alleviate the
that comes with time. physical symptoms as well as
manage the mental toll.
cluster of infections foco de infección noun phrase In epidemiology, an aggregation of

cases of a disease or another
S. Korea's virus cases near 6,300,
with another cluster of infections
health-related condition, such as a looming.

cancer or birth defect, closely
grouped in time and place.
community spread contagio comunitario noun phrase Person-to-person transmission

without exposure to a confirmed
The first suspected case of a
patient getting the new
community
transmission
transmisión
comunitaria
YES
case. coronavirus through "community

spread" has been identified.
community transmisión noun phrase Person-to-person transmission

without exposure to a confirmed
The risk of community
transmission of the virus is still
community spread contagio
comunitario
YES
transmission comunitaria case. considered low in Canada.
confine confinar verb Keep or restrict someone or

something within certain limits of
Coronavirus: Grand Princess
passengers confined to cabins.
(space, scope, or time).
confirmed case caso confirmado noun phrase A confirmed case is verified by

laboratory analysis, irrespective of
American tourist becomes 1st
confirmed cases in Bhutan.
clinical signs and symptoms.

contagion contagio noun The communication of disease
from one person or organism to
From how it spreads to where it
originated, here's a look at
another by close contact. Also, a everything you need to know

contagious disease itself. about the deadly contagion.
contagious contagioso adjective Transmissible by direct or indirect

contact with an infected person.
Coronavirus mutates into second
strain which is more aggressive
and contagious.
contain contener verb to keep something harmful within

limits and not allow it to spread:
Health officials are working to
contain the outbreak and people
control or restrain controlar o frenar
are looking to keep the virus from

infecting themselves.
containment contención noun the act of controlling or limiting

something or someone harmful
China's virus slowdown offers
hope for global containment.
contaminated contaminado adjective Something that has become

poisonous or les pure.
The World Health Organization is
warning that cash contaminated
with the coronavirus may be

helping the virus spread globally.
contingency plan plan de contingencia noun phrase a plan designed to take account of
a possible future event or
Airline warns employees of
contingency plans as viral panic
circumstance, especially in an causes financial avalanche.

emergency situation.
contract contraer verb Catch or develop a disease or

infectious agent
Handwashing regularly is the most
appropriate means to avoid
develop desarrollar
contracting COVID-19.
coronavirus coronavirus noun Any of a group of RNA viruses that

cause a variety of diseases in
Coronaviruses are zoonotic,
meaning they are transmitted
coronavirus disease enfermedad por
coronavirus
humans and other animals. between animals and people.
coronavirus infection infección por noun Not applicable Los Angeles and San Francisco,
California, have been screening
coronavirus arriving passengers for signs of

coronavirus infection since 17
January.
coronavirus scare amenaza del noun phrase Not applicable A GP surgery in Islington, north
London, closed abruptly today
coronavirus after a coronavirus scare.
coronavirus spread propagación del noun phrase Not applicable The first potential case of
coronavirus spread within a U.S.
coronavirus community involves a patient

from Solano County in Northern
California.
coronavirus task force grupo de alto nivel noun phrase a temporary group who are
brought together temporarily to
Top US officials speak as Pence
arrives for a coronavirus task
para el manejo del deal with a crisis force meeting at the Department
of Health and Human Services.
coronavirus
coronavirus test resultado de noun phrase Not applicable Blood test tube in doctor hand,
Mers-CoV Coronavirus test
positive coronavirus positivo Positive label in hospital blood

test tube for analysis.
coronavirus testing pruebas del noun phrase Not applicable Tennessee was one of the first
five states to begin coronavirus
coronavirus testing.
coronavirus vaccine vacuna para el noun phrase Not applicable If we get a vaccine for the
coronavirus, it will immediately
coronavirus make our world a safer, easier,

more reassuring place once again.
cough tos noun A cough, also known as tussis, is a

voluntary or involuntary act that
Coming down with a fever and
cough doesn't necessarily mean
clears the throat and breathing you've been infected.

passage of foreign particles,
microbes, irritants, fluids, and
mucus; it is a rapid expulsion of air
from the lungs.
COVID-19 COVID-19 DNT Official name of the disease

caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus
Handwashing regularly is the most
appropriate means to avoid
contracting COVID-19.
COVID-19 illness enfermedad por noun phrase Not applicable Yellowstone County
Commissioners have approved a
COVID-19 centralized community-testing

site at the Sandstone Building at
MetraPark in anticipation of
public demand for testing for the
COVID-19 illnesses.
COVID-19 outbreak brote de COVID-19 noun phrase Not applicable The World Health Organization
has now declared the COVID-19
outbreak a global pandemic.
COVID-19 virus virus COVID-19 noun phrase Not applicable Amidst fears of a growing COVID-
19 virus pandemic, stores are
running out of all types of

protective gear.
critical condition estado crítico noun phrase Situation where a patient´s vital
signs are unstable and not within
Medical personnel attend to a
patient in critical condition at a
normal limits and the prognosis is hospital designated for

uncertain. coronavirus patients in Wuhan.
curb the spread frenar la propagación verb phrase to restrain or keep the spread of
the virus in check
San Francisco on Feb. 25 declared
a local emergency over the new
coronavirus in a bid to curb the

spread of the deadly disease in
the city.
death rate tasa de mortalidad noun phrase ratio of deaths to the population in
a specific area per unit of time
One factor affecting the country's
death rate may be the age of its
mortality rate índice de mortalidad YES
population.
death toll número de víctimas noun phrase Number of people dying Iran suffers the highest death toll
outside of China.
Department of Health Departamento de proper noun The United States Department of

Health & Human Services (HHS),
The U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services was hit by a
and Human Services Salud y Servicios also known as the Health

Department, is a cabinet-level
cyberattack right in the middle of
the global coronavirus pandemic.
Sociales department of the U.S. federal
government with the goal of
protecting the health of all
Americans and providing essential
human services.
detection detección noun the action or process of identifying

the presence of a pathogen, illness
LexeGen is a biotechnology
company that develops genetic
or condition. analyzers for pathogen detection.
diagnosis diagnóstico noun the identification of the nature of

an illness or other problem by
This tool is not intended to be a
substitute for professional
examination of the symptoms. medical advice, diagnosis, or

treatment.
discharge dar de alta verb To be allowed to leave hospital The first patient of novel
Coronavirus has been discharged.
Not applicable recibir el alta,
depending on
YES
context
disinfect desinfectar verb clean (something), especially with

a chemical, in order to destroy
Workers disinfect subway trains
against coronavirus in Tehran,
bacteria. Iran.
disinfectant desinfectante noun Disinfectants are antimicrobial

agents designed to inactivate or
Coronavirus in Iran Iranian
municipality workers spray
destroy microorganisms on inert disinfectant as a precaution

surfaces. against COVID- at a wagon of
Tehran's public subway in Tehran,
Iran, February According to the
Ministry of Health, people
diagnosed with coronavirus in the
country and
disinfectant wipe toallita desinfectante noun phrase Small, pre-moistened towels or

towelettes that are used to clean
Couple bulk-buy disinfectant
wipes and sell them at four times
surfaces for the removal of dirt the price.

and bacteria.
disinformation desinformación noun Disinformation is false information

spread deliberately to deceive.
5 ways to spot disinformation in
your social media feed
DOH DOH DNT Department of Health Dr. Ian Christian Gonzales, head of
the Infectious Disease Cluster of
Department of
Health
The analogous
Spanish body is
YES
Department of Health (DOH)-10 Ministerio de

cited handwashing regularly is the Sanidad, Consumo y
most appropriate means to avoid Bienestar Social.
contracting Coronavirus Disease
2019 (COVID-19).
drug maker compañía noun Not applicable Moderna, a U.S.-based drug

maker, has sent the first batch of
farmacéutica an experimental vaccine against

the new coronavirus to federal
researchers to use with humans.
elderly personas de edad adjective Old people considered as a group Experts agree the available data
on new coronavirus cases around
avanzada the world suggests elderly people

who contract the virus are at a
greater risk for complications and
death than other individuals.
employee briefing instrucciones para los noun phrase Not applicable According to a participant in the
employee briefing, the relief in
trabajadores the room was palpable.
employee who is in trabajador en noun phrase Not applicable We’re supporting the affected
employee who is in quarantine.
quarantine cuarentena
epicenter of the epicentro del brote noun phrase Not applicable The World Health Organization-
led joint mission working on
outbreak coronavirus in China will travel

tomorrow to Wuhan, the
epicenter of the outbreak.
epidemic epidemia noun a widespread occurrence of an

infectious disease in a community
China reported 44 more deaths
from the coronavirus epidemic on
at a particular time Friday and 327 fresh cases.
epidemiological epidemiológico adjective relating to the branch of medicine

which deals with the incidence,
The World Health Organization
(WHO) is concerned about the
distribution, and control of number of coronavirus cases with

diseases. no clear epidemiological link.
evacuees evacuados noun a person evacuated from a place

of danger
All of the new cases were
evacuees from the Diamond
Princess cruise ship.
evidence evidencia noun the available body of facts or

information indicating whether a
France says ibuprofen may
aggravate coronavirus. Experts
belief or proposition is true or say more evidence is needed.

valid
experimental experimental adjective based on untested ideas or

techniques and not yet established
Clinical trials test how well
experimental drugs work and
or finalized. whether they are safe to use.
exposure exposición noun the state of having no protection

from something harmful, such as a
Even a brief exposure to radiation
is very dangerous.
virus
face mask mascarilla noun phrase Not applicable A passenger wears a face mask on
a train in San Francisco.
fake news noticias falsas noun phrase a form of news consisting of

deliberate disinformation or
Boris Johnson has warned social
media giants including Facebook
hoaxes spread via traditional news and Twitter not to spread fake
media (print and broadcast) or news about coronavirus on social
online social media media.
fatality fatalidad noun an occurrence of death by
accident, in war, or from disease
Italy´s fatality rate from COVID-19
— at 5% — is much higher than
the global average of 3.4%,
FDA FDA DNT Food and Drug Administration in

the USA
Roche gets special FDA nod for
Covid-19 diagnostic test.
Food and Drug
Administration
The analogous
Spanish body is
YES
Agencia Española de
Medicamentos y
Productos Sanitarios
(AEMPS)
fever fiebre noun Fever is when a human's body

temperature goes above the
What are the symptoms? It starts
with a fever.
normal range of 36–37°

Centigrade (98–100° Fahrenheit).
flu gripe noun Flu (influenza) is a severe infection

caused by a virus.
Cold and Flu local health experts
focused more on flu than
coronavirus.
flu-like de tipo gripal adjective Similar to flu A Miami resident checked into a
hospital for flu-like symptoms
after a work trip to China.
flu-like illness enfermedad de tipo noun phrase An illness similar to flu but not
caused by the flu virus
The Canary Wharf office of a US
oil company has sent home
gripal around 300 British workers after

an employee in London reported
a flu-like illness.
flu-like symptoms síntomas de tipo noun phrase Symptoms similar to those caused
by the flu but from a different
The world is now paying more
attention to flu-like symptoms
gripal origin now than ever before.
Food and Drug Administración de proper noun The Food and Drug Administration
is a federal agency of the United
Integrated DNA Technologies, has
been authorized by the US Food
Administration Alimentos y States Department of Health and

Human Services, one of the United
and Drug Administration to
provide reagents for diagnostic
Medicamentos States federal executive testing for the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
departments.
fresh case caso reciente noun phrase a new case China reported 44 more deaths
from the coronavirus epidemic on
Friday and 327 fresh cases.
gathering encuentro noun an assembly or meeting, especially

one held for a specific purpose.
Europe’s coronavirus outbreak is
causing major headaches for the
international TV industry as
numerous companies move
swiftly to rein in foreign travel and
cancel crucial pitch events and
company gatherings.
gown bata noun Gowns are examples of personal

protective equipment used in
Personal protective equipment —
including masks, gowns and
health care settings. They are gloves — and other medical

used to protect the wearer from supplies are in short supply.
the spread of infection or illness if
the wearer comes in contact with
potentially infectious liquid and
solid material.
H1N1 H1N1 DNT a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus

that emerged in 2009, containing a
During the H1N1 swine flu
pandemic, then President Barack
unique combination of influenza Obama was vaccinated by a White

genes not previously identified in House nurse.
animals or people.
hand sanitizer desinfectante para noun phrase Hand sanitizer is a liquid generally
used to decrease infectious agents
Ovation announces it has shipped
the first order of its DermSafe®
manos on the hands. hand sanitizer lotion to China.
hand-shake apretón de manos noun phrase Not applicable Israel Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu said that some simple
measures like avoiding

handshakes to great people can
help prevent the spread.
hand-washing lavado de manos noun phrase Not applicable Peter demonstrates correct hand-
washing Joanna.
havoc estragos noun widespread destruction The new coronavirus is wreaking

havoc on tech conference
calendar.
health and safety salud y seguridad noun phrase Not applicable We must prioritize the health and
safety of our employees.
health authorities autoridades noun phrase Not applicable Health authorities have said the
two cases are linked.
sanitarias
health officials funcionarios noun phrase a local public health administrator Health officials have identified
what could be the first U.S. case
sanitarios of the novel coronavirus

spreading within the general
population.
health risk riesgo para la salud noun phrase Not applicable High sound levels a health risk in
classical music.
health worker trabajador sanitario noun phrase A healthcare worker is one who
delivers care and services to the
A health worker wearing a full
protective suit waits for the arrival
sick and ailing either directly as of evacuated Malaysians from

doctors and nurses or indirectly as China.
aides, helpers, etc.
immune inmune adjective resistant to a particular infection

or toxin owing to the presence of
Will you indeed be immune to the
SARS-CoV2 after you’ve recovered
specific antibodies or sensitized from a COVID-19 infection?

white blood cells
immunocompromised inmunodeprimido noun phrase An immunocompromised patient

has an impaired or weakened
Immunocompromised patients
are susceptible to bacterial,
immune system. fungal, viral, and parasitic

infections that healthy immune
systems usually overcome.
imported case caso importado verb An imported case has its source
outside the country or state.
China reports 30 virus deaths, rise
in new infections and imported
cases
infect infectar noun affect (a person, organism, etc.)

with a disease-causing organism,
Coronavirus domains 50% more
likely to infect your system with
contaminate, affect a computer malware.

with a virus
infection infección noun phrase Not applicable He didn't have a coronavirus

infection, just the flu.
infectious disease enfermedad noun Infectious diseases are disorders

caused by organisms — such as
A health worker wears a
protective suit at the infectious
infecciosa bacteria, viruses, fungi or

parasites.
disease clinic.
influenza influenza noun a highly contagious viral infection

of the respiratory passages causing
The best methods to prevent
coronavirus infection are the
fever, severe aching, and catarrh, same as for influenza or other

and often occurring in epidemics. respiratory viruses.
infodemic exceso de adjective An excessive amount of

information concerning a problem
Governments need to do more to
curb coronavirus "infodemic" says
información such that the solution is made

more difficult i.e. false information
tech expert.
is widespread.
INO-4800 INO-4800 DNT Not applicable Inovio accelerates timeline for

COVID-19 DNA vaccine INO-4800.
isolate aislar verb to set someone apart from others

or to set oneself apart from others
The school has instructed 38 of its
pupils to isolate themselves at
home for two weeks over fears of

a coronavirus outbreak.
isolation aislamiento noun the act of setting apart ill persons
who have a communicable disease
Hundreds of holidaymakers will
have to stay in isolation at their
from those who are healthy. hotel.

Isolation restricts the movement
of ill persons to help stop the
spread of certain diseases.
kidney failure insuficiencia renal noun phrase Kidney failure occurs when your
kidneys lose the ability to
Kidney failure may occur from an
acute situation that injures the
sufficiently filter waste from your kidneys or from chronic diseases

blood. that gradually cause the kidneys
to stop functioning.
known case caso conocido noun phrase a case that has been confirmed by
laboratory tests
1st known case of coronavirus
traced back to November in
confirmed case caso confirmado YES
China.
life-threatening letal adjective likely to cause death If someone has a life-threatening

illness or is in a life-threatening
situation, there is a strong

possibility that the illness or the
situation will kill them.
limit the spread limitar la propagación verb phrase Not applicable SEOUL - South Korean schools
closed, and major events -
including concerts and the

opening of the top Korean
football league - were indefinitely
postponed Monday, as the
country attempted to limit the
spread of the coronavirus.
Warning of a "grave
lockdown cierre noun a state of isolation or restricted

access instituted as a security
The 2019 novel Coronavirus
(COVID-19) outbreak has led to
measure travel bans and restrictions, the

lockdown of cities, and the
quarantine of individuals.
lower respiratory tract tracto respiratorio noun phrase the part of the respiratory system
including the larynx, trachea,
The major passages and
structures of the lower respiratory
inferior bronchi, and lungs tract include the windpipe

(trachea) and within the lungs, the
bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
mainland China China continental noun phrase Mainland China, also known as the
Chinese mainland, is the
For the first time since the novel
coronavirus was first identified
geopolitical as well as geographical last year, there are now more

area under the direct jurisdiction reported cases outside of
of the People's Republic of China mainland China than inside,
(PRC). marking a new milestone in the
evolution of the global pandemic.
mass gatherings encuentros masivos noun phrase Mass gatherings are events
attended by a sufficient number of
The surprise announcement
marked the first health scare for
people to strain the planning and the 83-year-old pontiff since his
response resources of the host election in 2013. Iran's health
community, state/province, ministry urged people to stay
nation, or region where it is being away from mass gatherings and
held. limit their travel.
medical supplies suministros médicos noun phrase the non-durable disposable health
care materials ordered or
Iran's deadly coronavirus
outbreak is increasingly disrupting
prescribed by a physician, which is daily life, making it harder for

primarily and customarily used to anxious Iranians to find medical
serve a medical purpose. supplies and forcing a rare
cancellation of prayers at a
prominent shrine.
MERS MERS Acronym Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

(MERS) is an illness caused by a
MERS-CoV was identified in 2012
as the cause of Middle East
MERS-CoV MERS-CoV
virus (more specifically, a respiratory syndrome (MERS).

coronavirus) called Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
(MERS-CoV).
MERS-CoV MERS-CoV DNT Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
Since 2012, including this case,
Qatar has reported 23 human
MERS MERS
virus (more specifically, a cases of MERS-CoV.

(MERS-CoV).
Middle East Respiratory síndrome respiratorio proper noun Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
MERS-CoV was first identified in
Saudi Arabia in September 2012.
MERS or MERS-CoV MERS, MERS-CoV.
The local acronym
YES
Syndrome de Oriente Medio virus (more specifically, a

SROM is not widely
spread.
(MERS-CoV).
misinform desinformar verb spread false or inaccurate

information deliberately
The World Health Organization
seeks to ensure users are not
misinformed about the virus, its

risks and how to react to it.
misinformation desinformación noun false or inaccurate information,

especially that which is
As the new coronavirus spreads
globally, the online battle to keep
deliberately intended to deceive. misinformation about the disease

is also stepping up.
mortality mortalidad noun Not applicable Coronavirus facts: is there a cure

and what is the mortality rate of
the virus?
mortality rate índice de mortalidad noun phrase ratio of deaths to the population in
a specific area per unit of time
Coronavirus has killed more
people than SARS despite having a
death rate tasa de mortalidad YES
mortality rate at around five

times.
National Health Comité Nacional para proper noun The National Health Commission
of the People's Republic of China is
The National Health Commission
has reported 508 new confirmed
Commission la Salud a cabinet-level executive

department under the State
cases.
Council of the People's Republic of

China which is responsible for
formulating health policies in
Mainland China.
non-essential no esencial adjective not absolutely necessary The Health Minister Dr Harsh
Vardhan has advised Indians to
avoid non-essential travel to

China, Iran, Korea, Singapore, and
Italy.
outbreak of coronavirus brote de coronavirus noun phrase a sudden occurrence of a disease,

in this case, caused by COVID-19
The U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention warned
Americans to expect a severe

outbreak of coronavirus.
pandemic pandemia noun situation where a disease is

prevalent over a whole country or
Africa is braced for a potential
coronavirus pandemic.
the whole world.
pandemic potential potencial pandémico noun phrase A disease which has the potential
to become a pandemic
The chief of the World Health
Organization (WHO) said Monday
that although COVID-19 has the

potential to become a global
pandemic, it has yet to be there
based upon WHO assessment.
"Does this virus have pandemic
potential?
panic-buying pánico en las noun the buying up of large quantities of

a commodity which, it is feared, is
Rogue retailers should not ‘cash in
on fear’ and panic-buying by
compras likely to be in short supply imposing big mark-ups on

household essentials, a watchdog
warned yesterday.
pathogen patógeno noun a pathogen is an organism that

causes disease.
Given the proper environmental
conditions, hazardous pathogens
can grow and take harborage in

processing plants.
peak alcanzar el pico verb reach a highest point The World Health Organization on
Monday said the new coronavirus
epidemic had “peaked” in China.

PHE PHE DNT Public Health England is an
executive agency of the
A new surveillance system to
detect cases of COVID-19 in
Department of Health and Social England has been established by

Care in the United Kingdom . Public Health England (PHE) and
the NHS to strengthen existing
systems and to prepare for and
prevent wider transmission of the
virus.
pneumonia neumonía noun Pneumonia is an infection in one

or both lungs caused by bacteria,
I've since been diagnosed with
pneumonia, tested negative for
viruses, and fungi. flu and RSV, and gotten swabs

taken and sent to the lab to test
for COVID-19.
positive case caso positivo noun phrase a case whereby laboratory results
show that a person has the disease
The first positive case of Covid-19
in South Africa has been
for which the test is being done. confirmed.
precautionary medidas cautelares noun phrase measures taken for preventative

purposes
COVID-19: Hotel chains enforce
precautionary measures, issue
measures safety, hygiene advisories.
preparedness preparación noun the state of being ready Georgia hasn't yet had its first
case of coronavirus, but school
systems are ramping up

preparedness due to alarming
reports from the CDC and other
health agencies.
presumptive positive presunto positivo noun phrase a case where initial laboratory
results show that a person has the
According to the Arizona
Department of Health Services,
disease for which the test was one person has tested as
done but confirmation from a "presumptive positive" for COVID-
second test is still required. 19.
prevention prevención noun the act of taking measures that

will stop something from
Facebook Inc said on Wednesday
it would ban advertisements for
happening products offering any cures or

prevention around the
coronavirus outbreak, and those
that create a sense of urgency
around the situation.
price-gouging especulación de noun phrase Price gouging is a term referring to

when a seller increases the prices
Amazon is cracking down on price
gouging and products that make
precios of goods, services or commodities

to a level much higher than is
false coronavirus claims on its
marketplace.
considered reasonable or fair, and
is considered exploitative,
potentially to an unethical extent.
protective equipment equipo de protección noun phrase Not applicable The White House budget office
said the funds are for vaccines,
treatment, and protective

equipment.
protective face mask mascarilla protectora noun phrase Not applicable A man wears a protective face
mask sitting next to his dogs,
following the outbreak of the new

coronavirus
protective gear equipo protector noun phrase Not applicable A worker in protective gear stacks
plastic buckets containing medical
waste from coronavirus patients

at a medical center in Daegu,
South Korea,
protective mask máscara protectora noun phrase Not applicable A young Iranian man wearing a
protective mask, walks in a busy
street in the capital.
protective suit traje protector noun phrase Not applicable A one piece gas tight chemical
protective suit for use by
emergency response personnel

after a CBRN incident.
public gatherings concentraciones noun phrase events where a large number of
people are likely to turn up
Schools were closed and many
public gatherings, including Friday
públicas prayers, were canceled as the

coronavirus spread in Iran.
public health salud pública noun phrase Not applicable We also use cookies to measure
the effectiveness of public health
campaigns and understand how

people use the website.
public health emergencia sanitaria noun phrase an event, condition or agent which
has the potential to rapidly harm
On Jan. 30, the World Health
Organization declared what came
emergency an exposed population sufficiently

to lead to a crisis.
to be known as the coronavirus
(COVID-19) outbreak a “public
health emergency of international
concern.”
quarantine cuarentena noun a state, period, or place of

isolation in which people or
The 2019 novel Coronavirus
(COVID-19) outbreak has led to
animals that have arrived from travel bans and restrictions, the
elsewhere or been exposed to lockdown of cities, and the
infectious or contagious disease quarantine of individuals.
are placed.
quarantine poner en cuarentena verb put (a person or animal) in

quarantine.
Hong Kong authorities said on
Friday they quarantined a pet dog
of a coronavirus patient.
quarantine site sitio cuarentenario noun phrase a specific area selected to

quarantine people
The state of Washington buys a $
4 million motel and establishes a
coronavirus quarantine site.
regular hand desinfección noun phrase Not applicable Regular hand disinfection helps to
reduce the infection rate – it helps
disinfection frecuente de las to expedite patient recovery and

to avoid additional burdens.
manos
related to coronavirus en relación con el adjective phrase Not applicable Health officials answered some of
the more prominent questions
coronavirus related to coronavirus and disease

prevention.
reported case caso reportado noun phrase Not applicable The Korea Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention confirmed
the Korean Air flight infected with

coronavirus serviced a flight to
Israel with 31 reported cases of
the virus.
respiratory disease enfermedad noun phrase Respiratory diseases, or lung

diseases, are pathological
The husband of the woman health
officials said yesterday had
respiratory illness enfermedad
respiratoria
YES
respiratoria conditions affecting the organs

and tissues that make gas
contracted coronavirus has also
been diagnosed with the
exchange difficult in air-breathing respiratory disease.
animals.
respiratory illness afección respiratoria noun phrase Respiratory diseases, or lung

diseases, are pathological
This COVID-19 virus was identified
as the cause of an outbreak of
respiratory disease afección respiratoria YES
conditions affecting the organs respiratory illness first detected in

and tissues that make gas Wuhan, China.
exchange difficult in air-breathing
animals.
respiratory mask mascarilla noun phrase Not applicable A sign advising clients in various
languages, including Chinese, that
respiratoria respiratory masks are sold out, is

displayed on January 29, 2020 at a
pharmacy in downtown Rome.
response coordinator coordinador de noun phrase person in charge of providing a

coordinated set of actions and
White House coronavirus
response coordinator Dr. Deborah
respuesta communications in response to an

emergency situation
Birx spoke during a coronavirus
briefing with the press.
restrict restringir verb deprive (someone or something)

of freedom of movement or
Many countries have restricted
travel because of coronavirus.
action.
risk area área de riesgo noun phrase area particularly associated with
potential contagion for a disease
Singapore and Macao are no
longer considered a risk area
because the virus is no longer

widely spread there
risk assessment evaluación del riesgo noun phrase a systematic process of evaluating
the potential risks that may be
A coronavirus app coupled with
machine intelligence will soon
involved in a projected activity or enable an individual to get an at-

undertaking. home risk assessment based on
how they feel and where they've
been in about a minute, and
direct those deemed at risk to the
nearest definitive testing.
risk of contagion riesgo de contagio noun phrase situation where one is exposed to
becoming infected
The risk of contagion is high for
people who are currently staying
in the countries with local

widespread.
sanitizer desinfectante noun sanitizer is a substance or fluid

designed to kill germs on skin and
Local sanitizer stock no longer
that hand-y
objects.
SARS SARS DNT a severe respiratory illness that is

caused by a coronavirus,
The novel coronavirus strand
responsible for the recent deadly
Severe Acute
Respiratory
Síndrome
respiratorio agudo
YES
characterized by fever, coughing, global outbreak is more Syndrome severo

breathing difficulty, and usually contagious than SARS and MERS.
pneumonia.
SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 DNT Official name of the virus that

causes the coronavirus disease
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is
spreading.
severe acute
respiratory
Síndrome
respiratorio agudo
YES
COVID-19 syndrome severo por

coronavirus 2 coronavirus 2
screening diagnóstico noun Screening is defined as the

presumptive identification of
Indian aviation watchdog DGCA
has decided to expand screening
Not applicable cribado, pruebas
diagnósticas o
YES
unrecognized disease in an operations for passengers arriving inspección

apparently healthy, asymptomatic from Nepal, Vietnam, Malaysia depending on
population by means of tests, and Indonesia. context
examinations or other procedures
that can be applied rapidly and
easily to the target population.
seasonal flu gripe estacional noun phrase Seasonal influenza is an acute

respiratory infection caused by
Death rate from COVID-19 is
presently higher than initial
influenza viruses which circulate in estimates and far worse than the
all parts of the world. seasonal flu.
self-isolate autoaislarse verb to separate oneself from others

voluntarily
People returning to the UK from
quarantine zones in northern Italy
should immediately self-isolate to

stop the spread of coronavirus.
self-isolation autoaislamiento noun the act of isolating or separating

oneself from others voluntarily
Public urged to plan for self-
isolation.
self-quarantine ponerse en verb to isolate or separate oneself from

others voluntarily before showing
So you’ve been asked to self-
quarantine. Here’s what you
autocuarentena disease symptoms should know.
self-quarantine autocuarentena noun the act of isolating or separating

oneself from others voluntarily
Canceled events and self-
quarantines save lives.
before showing disease symptoms
Severe Acute Síndrome respiratorio proper noun a severe respiratory illness that is
caused by a coronavirus,
Severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) is a viral
SARS SARS
Respiratory Syndrome agudo severo characterized by fever, coughing,

breathing difficulty, and usually
respiratory illness caused by a
coronavirus called SARS-
pneumonia. associated coronavirus (SARS-
CoV).
Severe Acute Síndrome respiratorio noun phrase Official name of the virus that
causes the coronavirus disease
ICTV announced “severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 YES
Respiratory Syndrome agudo severo por COVID-19 2 (SARS-CoV-2)” as the name of

the new virus on 11 February
Coronavirus 2 coronavirus 2 2020.
severe respiratory patología respiratoria noun phrase any of the airways diseases caused
by a pathogen agent
Furthermore, the presence of
eosinophils alone, even in human
pathology severa conditions, does not necessarily

imply a severe respiratory
pathology.
shortness of breath falta de aliento noun phrase not being able to get enough air The American Thoracic Society
defines shortness of breath as "a
difficulty breathing dificultades para
respirar, dificultades
YES
subjective experience of breathing respiratorias

discomfort that consists of
qualitatively distinct sensations
that vary in intensity".
shutdown cese noun the cessation or suspension of an

operation or activity.
Government-imposed
quarantines, a shutdown of
outbound flights and trains, and

locked-down cities will slow down
the new coronavirus.
sick pay pago por licencia por noun phrase money given by an employer to
someone who cannot work
Uber expands sick pay for drivers
during coronavirus pandemic.
enfermedad because of illness
sneeze estornudar verb make a sudden involuntary

expulsion of air from the nose and
Keep away from anyone who may
be coughing or sneezing near you.
mouth due to irritation of one's

nostrils.
sneezing estornudos noun a sudden involuntary expulsion of

air from the nose and mouth due
Surprising sneezing facts include
their speed and length of
to irritation of one's nostrils. duration.
spread of coronavirus propagación del noun phrase Not applicable Facebook announced that its
annual developer conference, F8,
coronavirus will be canceled due to concerns

surrounding the spread of
coronavirus.
spread of germs propagación de noun phrase Not applicable Stop the spread of germs that can
make you and others sick!
gérmenes
state of emergency estado de noun phrase a situation of national danger or
disaster in which a government
The Spanish Prime Minister has
declared a state of emergency in
emergencia suspends normal constitutional

procedures in order to regain
the country.
control.
strain cepa noun a strain is a genetic variant or

subtype of a microorganism
An outbreak of pneumonia caused
by a new strain of coronavirus
was first registered in the Chinese

city of Wuhan.
surge aumento noun a sudden and great increase When did infections experience a
sharp surge in South Korea?
surgical mask mascarilla quirúrgica noun phrase A surgical mask, also known as a
procedure mask, medical mask or
People wear surgical masks as
they walk along.
simply as a face mask, is intended

to be worn by health professionals
during surgery and during nursing
to catch the bacteria shed in liquid
droplets and aerosols from the
wearer's mouth and nose.
suspected case caso sospechoso noun phrase a case where a person shows
clinical signs and is likely to have
The Directorate-General for
Health (DGS) reported today that
been exposed to the virus but the results of the analyzes carried
where no lab tests have yet been out on the 16th suspected case in
carried out Portugal of infection with the new
coronavirus Covid-19 were
negative.
symptom onset aparición de síntomas noun phrase the first appearance of the
symptoms of an illness
If symptoms are initially varying in
quality or intensity, the time of
symptom onset is defined as the

time when symptoms become
constant.
symptoms síntomas noun a physical or mental feature which
is regarded as indicating a
It appears that a Massachusetts
coronavirus cluster with at least
condition of disease, particularly 82 cases was started by people

such a feature that is apparent to who were not yet showing
the patient. symptoms.
temperature temperatura noun the degree or intensity of heat

present in a substance or object,
A medical staff takes temperature
of a patient at a temporary
especially as expressed according hospital.

to a comparative scale and shown
by a thermometer or perceived by
touch.
test for coronavirus prueba del verb phrase carry out laboratory tests to
ascertain the presence of the virus
South Dakota's public health lab
can now test for coronavirus,
coronavirus among other state preparations

for the arrival of the virus.
test kit kit de prueba noun phrase a kit developed for the purposes of
detecting and measuring the
Vietnam successfully designs test
kit for new coronavirus
presence of a specific substance.
test negative prueba negativa verb phrase to confirm the non-presence of a

virus after lab analysis are carried
Passengers who tested negative
for COVID-19 started
out disembarking Wednesday.
test positive prueba positiva verb phrase to confirm the presence of a virus
after lab analysis are carried out
Three people test positive for
coronavirus.
toll pérdidas noun the number of deaths or casualties

arising from a natural disaster,
Coronavirus toll hits 100,000 as
Slovakia and Peru are the latest
conflict, accident, etc. countries to confirm cases.
trace trazar verb to discover by going backward

over the evidence step by step
The most infections were traced
to a hospital in the southeastern.
track rastrear
track rastrear verb to search for by following

evidence until found
Tech firms can track your COVID-
19 searches.
trace trazar
transmission transmisión noun the act of passing a communicable

disease
There is now extensive human to
human transmission across the
world.
transmit transmitir verb to communicate a disease Is the virus being transmitted

from one person to another?
travel advisory aviso para viajeros noun phrase A travel warning, travel alert, or
travel advisory is an official
The US State Department on
Friday raised its travel advisory for
travel warning advertencia para
viajar
YES
warning statement issued by Italy to the second-highest-level

government agencies to provide warning.
information about the relative
safety of travelling to or visiting
one or more specific foreign
countries or destinations.
travel ban prohibición de viajar noun phrase the act of prohibiting people from
travelling somewhere
The Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE) welcomed
the government's decision to

exempt overseas Filipino workers
from the travel ban to South
Korea
travel restrictions restricciones de los noun phrase a limitation on the free movement
of people with regards to their
The outbreak of the novel
coronavirus has prompted travel
desplazamientos travelling arrangements restrictions.
travel warning advertencia para noun phrase A travel warning, travel alert, or
travel advisory is an official
The CDC has issued a travel
warning for Italy and Iran due to
travel advisory aviso para viajeros
viajar warning statement issued by

government agencies to provide
the new coronavirus.
information about the relative

safety of travelling to or visiting
one or more specific foreign
countries or destinations.
trigger desencadenar verb to set off or initiate Could coronavirus really trigger a
recession?
underlying health patologías previas noun phrase pathologies a person experience

prior to a new illness or disease
The doctor confirmed the patient
was a man in his 50s with
underlying medical
condition
enfermedades
previas
yes
condition underlying health conditions.

undetected no detectado adjective without showing signs or
symptoms in the population or
Health officials fear virus may
have been circulating undetected
Not applicable Not applicable yes
confirmed via tests for weeks.
undiagnosed no diagnosticado adjective not being subjected to diagnostic

tests and identified
Undiagnosed patients include
those who are “not yet
Not applicable sin diagnosticar Yes
diagnosed” because they have not

been referred to the appropriate
medical specialist.
uptick repunte noun a small increase or slight upward

trend
Signs of a peak in coronavirus
infections in China were offset by
a sharp uptick in infections

elsewhere.
vaccine vacuna noun a substance used to stimulate the

production of antibodies and
It’s going to be a long time before
a vaccine for the new coronavirus
provide immunity against one or is available

several diseases, prepared from
the causative agent of a disease,
its products, or a synthetic
substitute, treated to act as an
antigen without inducing the
disease.
viral outbreak brote viral noun phrase the occurrence of viral disease
cases in excess of normal
A viral outbreak that began in
China has infected more than
virus outbreak brote de virus YES
expectancy. 82,000 people globally.
virus cases casos de virus noun phrase number of medically confirmed

people infected with a virus
South Korea has reported more
virus cases, with plans to test
more than 200,000 church

members.
virus outbreak brote de virus noun phrase the occurrence of viral disease
cases in excess of normal
The virus outbreak means that
Coke's supply of artificial
viral outbreak brote viral
expectancy. sweeteners from China is delayed.
virus-hit infectado por el virus adjective impacted by viral disease South Africa to ban arrivals from
virus-hit countries.
vulnerable population población vulnerable noun phrase those who are incapable of
protecting their own interests
How best can we protect the
vulnerable population from
coronavirus?
weak positive débilmente positivo noun phrase test showing low levels of a
pathogen
Hong Kong authorities said on
Friday they quarantined a pet dog
of a coronavirus patient after its

nasal and oral samples tested
“weak positive” for the virus,
though they added they did not
yet have evidence that it can be
transmitted to humans.
WHO OMS proper noun an agency of the United Nations,

established in 1948, concerned
WHO has characterized COVID-19
as a pandemic.
World Health
Organization
Organización
Mundial de la Salud
YES
with improving the health of the

world's people and preventing or
controlling communicable diseases
on a worldwide basis through
various technical projects and
programs.
wipe down limpiar verb to clean a surface thoroughly with

a cloth or a wipe
Douglas explains how to properly
wipe down surfaces to prevent
the spread of coronavirus.
World Health Organización Mundial proper noun an agency of the United Nations,
established in 1948, concerned
As coronavirus spreads across the
globe, the World Health
WHO OMS YES
Organization de la Salud with improving the health of the

world's people and preventing or
Organization is urging the world
to fight.
controlling communicable diseases
on a worldwide basis through
various technical projects and
programs.

003 Veterinary and COVID

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

003 Veterinary and COVID

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Veterinary Care Glossary

Abdomen – Abdomen. Anemia - Anemia an antigen as a foreign and potentially

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Mucosa - Mucosa Neuropathy - Neuropatía Osteodystrophy - Osteodistrofia

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Pancreatitis - Pancreatitis Patellar Luxation – Luxación Patelar Polyarthritis - Poliartritis

Papule - Pápula Perineal - Perineo Polyphagia - Polifagia

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

Vestibular System – Sistema vestibular X-ray – Rayos X

Virus - Virus Zoonotic - Zoonótica

Property of Lionbridge DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE

abundance of caution due to

del aire air filtration systems such as

antibody anticuerpo noun a blood protein produced in

specific antigen. Antibodies Medical Center in Rotterdam and

CDC CDC DNT Acronym for Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention Control y la to cancel or postpone all

chronic condition enfermedad crónica noun phrase A chronic condition is a human

persistent or otherwise long- often involves multiple

cluster of infections foco de infección noun phrase In epidemiology, an aggregation of

health-related condition, such as a looming.

community spread contagio comunitario noun phrase Person-to-person transmission

case. coronavirus through "community

community transmisión noun phrase Person-to-person transmission

transmission comunitaria case. considered low in Canada.

confine confinar verb Keep or restrict someone or

(space, scope, or time).

confirmed case caso confirmado noun phrase A confirmed case is verified by

clinical signs and symptoms.

another by close contact. Also, a everything you need to know

contagious contagioso adjective Transmissible by direct or indirect

contain contener verb to keep something harmful within

are looking to keep the virus from

containment contención noun the act of controlling or limiting

contaminated contaminado adjective Something that has become

with the coronavirus may be

circumstance, especially in an causes financial avalanche.

contract contraer verb Catch or develop a disease or

coronavirus coronavirus noun Any of a group of RNA viruses that

coronavirus arriving passengers for signs of

coronavirus after a coronavirus scare.

coronavirus community involves a patient

positive coronavirus positivo Positive label in hospital blood

coronavirus make our world a safer, easier,

cough tos noun A cough, also known as tussis, is a

clears the throat and breathing you've been infected.

COVID-19 COVID-19 DNT Official name of the disease

COVID-19 centralized community-testing

outbreak a global pandemic.

running out of all types of

normal limits and the prognosis is hospital designated for

coronavirus in a bid to curb the