Name: Fernandez, Arianna Jen M.

Course: DVM – 2B

HISTORY OF GENETICS

Genetics is the study of genes and heredity in general. One of the fundamental principles of
biology, genetics interacts with many other fields, including biotechnology, medicine, and
agriculture. Gregor Mendel, an Augustinian monk, was the first to shed light on how traits are
passed down through generations in 1866. He is generally regarded as the father of genetics today.
He proposed the three Laws of Principles of Inheritance, and this are "The Law of Segregation" ,
"The Law of Independent Assortment" and last " The Law of Dominance”.

Mendel chose pea as one of the numerous species on which he researched because the plants
and seeds contain a wide range of unique traits that exist in two plainly distinguishable forms. The
pea flower is another essential feature of these plants because it protects the flowers of the
hybridized and parent plants from foreign pollen. Another advantage was the very quick growth
phase, which meant there was no long wait for the results.

Mendel spent eight years (1856-1863) doing genetic studies on pea plants before publishing
his findings in 1865. During this time, Mendel planted over 10,000 pea plants, recording the
quantity and type of progeny. Mendel's findings and the Laws of Inheritance were not well
received at the time. His experimental results were not appreciated until 1900, after the
rediscovery of his Laws.

In 1866, his discoveries were published anonymously in the Proceedings of the Natural
History Society of Brünn. However, the scientific world largely ignored his work. For many years,
the significance of his work was not recognized as it is now. In 1868, he was appointed abbot of
the monastery, and he was compelled to discontinue teaching in order to fulfill his responsibilities.
Other scientists then validated Gregor Mendel's findings in 1900, 34 years after he published them
and 16 years after his death.

Hugo de Vries in the Holland, Carl Correns in Germany, and Eric von Tshermak in Austria
all reached the same results as Mendel. Upon becoming aware of Mendel's work, they
acknowledged him as the creator of their discoveries. His derivations are now known as the
Mendelian Laws or Principles of Segregation and Independent Assortment. These fundamental
concepts explain how traits are passed down from generation to generation in a predictable and
consistent manner—not always through mixing.