CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.0 Masturbation

Masturbation is the normal part of the sexual development of the children. Of

course, the sexual feelings of the children are different from the adults. While adults

give psychological meanings to sexuality and focus on genital region, masturbation in

the children is not aiming sexual stimulation or pleasure (Chinichian, 2005). Many

observations about the sexual activities of the early childhood use the term of playing

with their sexual organs instead of masturbation. In the early ages children are

investigating and observing parts of their bodies. The aim of this behaviour is

exploratory rather than sexual. According to Yavuzer (2006) starting from the five- six

months, the children realize that they can create a good feeling by touching some parts

of their bodies such as; ear, hair, foot and sexual organs. Although some of 20 30

months old children would not show easy understandable emotional excitement or

increasing stimulation, they play with their sexual organs for a certain extent of

pleasure. Although it seems that there is huge congruence between playing with sexual

organ and masturbation, there is an important differentiation between them. In the first

years of their life, children have no necessary conscious ability to make us to call their

behaviour as masturbation. They only have a physical pleasure by touching their sexual

organs. This pleasure is enough to convert this behaviour to a habituation (Poroy,

2006). Masturbation is something that is not good for health and can lead they many

diseases.The study found a strong man masturbation will become weakness and

forgetfulness. Because they wasted a lot of time with masturbation they will also be

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excludded from the social angle. Low self esteem is common for ordinary people to

masturbate, they usually aloof and did not say much. In some cases, academic and

sporting achievements seen to decline. Masturbation can also reduce weight. Although

with some discrepancy, obese men have been reported to have the worst conventional

sperm parameters, but little is known about the effects of body weight on sperm

mitochondrial function, chromatin condensation and apoptosis (Vignera et. al 2013).

Among factors as the causes of masturbating which are as follows first, curiosity,

unfamiliarity with sexual issues, seclusion, family problems, suspicious and unfriendly

friendship, lasting diseases, sense of inferiority, limitation, premature puberty, cultural

factors, skin sensitivities, stress, anxiety. When human being reach puberty, his sex

hormones increase and his secondary sexual characteristics appear. He become more

curious about sexual activities and mostly satisfies his sexual desires through

masturbation, even though they are physically capable of having sex with the opposite

sex. This prevention and abstention from having sex may cause some physical tensions

among the teenagers who need to satisfy their sexual desires and therefore they resort

to masturbation. (Sharafi, 2000) Merriam-Webster defines masturbation as “erotic

stimulation especially of one's own genital organs commonly resulting in orgasm and

achieved by manual or other bodily contact exclusive of sexual intercourse, by

instrumental manipulation, occasionally by sexual fantasies, or by various combinations

of these agencies. (Webster, 2015).

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masturbation defined as the stimulation of one’s own genitals. Everyone touches their

own body sometimes – the genitals, the nipples, the anus or other parts. Most people

who have explored their body soon discover that touching may cause sexual arousal

and pleasurable sensations. When people spend time alone touching themselves and

often bringing themselves to orgasm, it is called masturbation. And everyone has their

own way of masturbating. While some techniques are more common than others, every

individual has virtually unlimited (Shere Hite et. al 1981). Maybe some of us who

frequent masturbation and never take out the effects and dangers of the act of

masturbation. Masturbation problem involving all ages with mainly teenagers and single,

but the marriage did not miss with this practice, some even described the feeling more

satisfied with masturbating. It can be dangerous if it is done aggressively, causing injury

to yourself and do it often causing physical and psychological disorders of the body.

Masturbation behavior if left untreated will cause emotional turmoil and actors do not

feel shy in front of others. United States 64.3% of women and 82.7% of men ages 20-24

were reported masturbating within the past year (Herbenick, et. al 2010). Masturbation

is even recommended by various psychological and healthcare providers for the

benefits of reducing the risk of spreading HIV (Shelton, 2010) and other sexually

transmitted infections (Davidson and Moore, 1994) decreasing the potential need or

likelihood of an individual to seek multiple or extra relational partners (Shelton, 2010)

treating deviant sexual behaviors and sources of arousal (Proulx, 1993) treating

orgasmic disorder in

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women (Lobitz and LoPiccolo, 1972) and occasionally in men (Hyde and DeLamater,

2011); treating premature ejaculation in men (Zamboni and Crawford, 2002) via the

start-stop technique (Semans, 1956) or the squeeze technique (Masters and Johnson,

1970) as a sexual expression for the intellectually disabled (Gill, 2012) and as a means

of improved sexual health (Coleman, 2002)

There could be some other reasons for the masturbation behaviour of the child.

As Freud mentioned in his psycho-social theory, three or four year’s old children may

masturbate to relax while he/she stressed or has been frightened. The fear of

castration, fear of cutting off his penis by his father as Freud mentioned, could be the

reason of this behaviour (Baysan and Artan, 2004). Child’s masturbation could also be

the sign of emotional distress; this means that, the child may masturbate while playing a

game or listening a tale. In such a case, children’s health care professionals could help

to understand the problem and solve it (Yavuzer, 2006). From three years old the

sexual memory is formed and in the following years these are remembered from time to

time. Most of the sexual memories of the children are those emotional ones, because in

the following years the children identify some feelings and thinking with the sensation of

pleasure. At these times using the words ‘What are you doing! Disgraceful!’ make the

child to matching up this sensation with disapprovement. After this warning, the child

may block the behaviour despite his/her physical desire. Present researches mentioned

that prohibition of masturbation in the childhood would affect the sexual life in the

adulthood in a negative way (Ucar, 2001). In addition to this, it was founded out that, the

children that were warned by their families create the feeling of guiltiness,

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embarrassment and anger, and accordingly their psychological thinking about sex has

been affected. The families may teach their children to make masturbation in their room

or in bathroom; however it must be kept in mind that it takes time for children to

understand the difference between normal and private area activities. This shows us

that just like the families, the pre-school teachers also have to take responsibility about

their reactions towards masturbation of the children. In order to have a healthy sexual

life in their adulthood, teachers have to teach the children that masturbation is a natural

thing like to clean his/ her nose or to scratch somewhere his/ her body (Poroy, 2006).

1.2 Problem Statement

What is the knowledge level about the negative effects of masturbation for male?

1.3 Research Objectives

1.3.1 General Objective

To measure the level of knowledge about the negative effect on health of

masturbation in secondary school.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

To compare level of knowledge among male students about the negative effect

on health of masturbation form 4 and 5 in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Taman

Melati.

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1.3 Research Questions

This research project was guided by the following research questions:

1) What of knowledge level of masturbation effect on health among students?

2) Do the level of knowledge different by form 4 and 5?

1.4 Significance of The Study

The study aims to help the country, teachers, parents and education officials

learning institutions in Malaysia to make better decisions and effective school students

who have a low level of knowledge about the harmful effects of masturbation on the

body. This allows achieving the goals set. The study also provides an overview of what

it involves masturbation effects on the body.

1.5 Chapter Layout

This study is organized as follows. The next part of this thesis will be the literature

review of the previous studies. This is followed by a discussion on the methodology of

this study. Results of the research survey, implication of the findings, limitation of the

study and recommendation for future research.

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The second chapter regarding review of the literature, in this chapter researcher

included various studies on level of knowledge about the negative effect of masturbation

in secondary school. All the studies are associated with present day situation. Some

studies are not completely but partly related to the present variables, which are

included in the study.

The third chapter is the research methodology. Sample means of the male students in

grades 4 and 5 Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Taman Melati, Kuala Lumpur. The

sample was selected randomly. Here, the researchers used a questionnaire survey. In

this section, researchers have mentioned population, sample, objectives, hypothesis,

variables, study design, uniform methods for data collection, all concepts methodology

tried to explain clearly useful to describe the study design.

In the fourth chapter data analysis and results is incorporates analysis of the data,

interpretation of results and discussion of data through the hypotheses. This is a

survey type research. Hence, researcher has employed and fulfills all the requirements

of survey research. T-test and descriptive was used for analysis of data. In this chapter

mean scores of two group were compared among male students form 4 and 5 were

used for data analysis.

The fifth chapter is discussion where the researcher has presented the

examination of the research design, sample and statistical analysis with the help

of summary of the research, conclusions, limitations and suggestions.

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1.6 Conclusion

This chapter presents an introduction, problem statement, research objectives,

research questions, chapter layout that will be used to identify the level of knowledge

about the negative effects Masturbation at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Taman

Melati, Kuala Lumpur.